Biophilic and Bioclimatic Architecture : Analytical Therapy for the Next Generation of Passive Sustainable Architecture

The concept of biophilic and bioclimatic architecture represents one of the most promising ideas in sustainable building. Together with its consideration of ecologically harmless materials and use of renewable energy sources, it brings an enormous quality increase in planning and workmanship, as well as an improvement in inhabitants’ comfort. This valuable concept merits a dedicated discussion. Biophilic and Bioclimatic Architecture outlines a new movement that aims to create environmentally-friendly, energy-efficient buildings and developments by effectively managing natural resources. The book has three parts: Part I focuses on the impact of human needs on the creation process and assesses the concept of value in architectural hypotheses. Part II opens the way to a new understanding of biophilic architecture as a response to destructive human activities and also considers the side effects of using natural resources. Part III shows the significant benefits of making the connection between climate and comfort that can be achieved through bioclimatic architecture. Biophilic and Bioclimatic Architecture will enable architects, engineers and other specialists to develop innovative, sustainable architectural designs. Biophilic And Bioclimatic Architecture Is A Guide To Innovative Architectural Design For Architects, Engineers And Other Specialists Who Are Working With Biophilic And Bioclimatic Architectural Concepts. Biophilic And Bioclimatic Architecture Has Three Parts: * Part I Focuses On The Relationship Between Architecture And Human Needs And The Creation Process, Demonstrating The Meaning Of Architectural Value In Architectural Hypothesis. * Part Ii Opens The Way Towards A New Understanding Of Biophilic Architecture As A Response To The Negative Actions Of Humans And The Negative Effects Of Using Natural Resources. * Part Iii Shows The Significant Benefits Of Making The Connection Between Climate And Comfort That Can Be Achieved Through Bioclimatic Architecture. Biophilic And Bioclimatic Architecture Will Enable Architects, Engineers And Other Specialists To Develop Innovative, Sustainable Architecture Designs. Machine Generated Contents Note: Pt. I Architectural Hypothesis And Theory -- 1. Overview -- 1.1. Challenges -- 1.1.1. Energy Crisis -- 1.1.2. Energy Pollution And Human Healthy -- 1.1.3. Greenhouse Effect -- 1.1.4. Heat Climate Change -- 1.1.5. Urban Heat Island -- 1.2. Objectives -- 1.2.1. Energy Efficiency -- 1.2.2. Renewable Energy -- 1.2.3. Idea Of Affordability -- 1.2.4. Local Design -- 1.2.5. Durability Sustainable Design -- 1.2.6. Human Comfort -- 1.2.7. Healthy Human Life -- 1.2.8. Material Efficiency -- 1.2.9. Green Areas Upon Architectural Concept -- 1.3. Sealable Produces Under Marketing Activity -- 1.4. Conclusions -- References -- 2. Architectural Hypothesis -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Architectural Creation -- 2.3. Human Settlement And Architectural Phenomenon -- 2.4. Semiotics And Representation In Architecture -- 2.4.1. Space Perception -- 2.5. Architecture, Form, And Perception -- 2.5.1. Static Approach -- 2.5.2. Dynamic Approach -- References -- 3. Architectural Theory -- 3.1. Topological Psychology In Architecture -- 3.2. Shelter Such A Protector Space -- 3.3. Action Space By A Free Movement -- 3.3.1. Human Action -- 3.3.2. Structural Transfer -- 3.3.3. Dimensional Transfer -- 3.3.4. Orientation Of Transfer -- 3.4. Operational Space And Architectural Program -- 3.4.1. Isomorphic Transfer -- 3.4.2. Interfering Creation Process -- 3.5. Analytical Creation Phases -- 3.5.1. Collection Of The Data -- 3.5.2. Treatment Of The Data -- 3.6. Indicators Of Obvious Appearance Upon An Architectural Theory -- References -- Pt. Ii Biophilic Architecture -- 4. Biophilic Architecture Hypothesis -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Interaction (natural-physical) Framework Upon Biophilic Architecture -- 4.3. Green Areas Placement And Variety Upon Biophilic Architecture -- References -- 5. Introduction On Plants And Vegetations -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Horizontal Green Plan -- 5.2.1. Grasses -- 5.2.2. Climbing Plants -- 5.3. Vertical Green Plan -- 5.3.1. Trees -- 5.3.2. Shrubs And Bushes -- 5.3.3. Herbs -- References -- 6. Introduction On Growing Media (soil) -- 6.1. Natural Growing Media -- 6.1.1. Introduction -- 6.1.2. Soil Structure -- 6.1.3. Soil Density -- 6.1.4. Soil Temperature And Root Growth Process -- 6.1.5. Soil Characteristics -- 6.1.6. Improving Of Growing Media Structure -- 6.2. Synthetic Lightweight Soil -- References -- 7. Introduction On Irrigation Systems -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Irrigation Systems -- 7.3. Irrigation Systems Benefits -- 7.4. Irrigation Management -- 7.5. Efficient Process Of Plants Watering -- 7.6. Irrigation Scheduling -- 7.7. Irrigation Systems Competent For Biophilic Architecture -- 7.7.1. Drip Irrigation System (microirrigation) -- 7.7.2. Sprinkler Irrigation System -- References -- 8. Green Areas In Biophilic Architecture -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Clime And Earth Climate -- 8.2.1. Why Is It Winter, Spring, Summer, Autumn? -- 8.3. Clime, Plants And Environment Condition -- 8.4. Green Areas Perception -- 8.5. Green Area And Architectural Framework -- 8.6. Plants And Local Microclimate -- 8.7. Green Areas, Biophilic Architecture And Seasons Impact -- 8.7.1. In The Summer -- 8.7.2. In The Winter -- References -- 9. Climate Change And Human Health (the Challenges And Remediation Act) -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. What Is Global Climate Change? -- 9.3. Climate Change In History -- 9.4. Human Challenges On Climate Change -- 9.4.1. What Can We Do To Meet The Challenge? -- 9.4.2. How And Why Does The Natural Climate System Vary On Decadal To Millennial Time-scales? -- 9.5. Global Climate Change, Desertification And Green Areas Misplaced -- 9.6. Climate Change Impacts Upon General Human Life And Health -- 9.6.1. Natural Disasters -- 9.6.2. Water Quantity And Quality Affected On Climate Change -- 9.6.3. Air Quality Impacts -- 9.6.4. Social Impacts -- 9.6.5. Gardening Effects -- References -- 10. Urban Heat Island Phenomenon Upon Urban Components -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Objective Factors Of Urban Heat Island Phenomenon -- 10.3. Impacts Of Heat Island Phenomenon On Urban Human Life -- 10.3.1. Increase Energy Consumption -- 10.3.2. Amplify Air Pollution -- 10.3.3. Increased Health Risk -- 10.3.4. Imparied Water Quality -- 10.3.5. Increase Thermal Discomfort -- 10.4. Mitigation Of Heat Island Effects -- References -- 11. Green Areas Benefits Upon Urban Sustainability Role -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Acoustical Insulation Benefit -- 11.3. Thermal Insulation Benefit -- 11.4. Esthetical Benefit -- References -- 12. Plants, Oxygen And Human Life Benefits -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Green Areas And Oxygen Quantity Produced -- 12.3. Photosynthesis Process Such A Source Of Air Quality -- 12.4. Role Of Photosynthesis Over Microclimate -- References -- 13. Evapotranspiration And Environmental Benefits -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Factors Affecting The Evapotranspiration -- 13.3. Estimating Evapotranspiration -- References -- 14. Socio And Healthy Human Psychology Upon Biophilic Architecture -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.1.1. Why Should This Activity Be So Popular? -- 14.2. Specific Hypothetical Perspective -- 14.2.1. Cultural Perspective -- 14.2.2. Evolutionary Perspective -- 14.3. Psychological Benefits Of Passively Viewingon Nature Greening -- 14.3.1. Which Physical Environments Are Excellent For Humans? -- 14.3.2. What Is Our Place In Nature? -- 14.4. Stress, Green Areas, And Mental Health -- 14.4.1. Why Should Green Areas Reduce Stress Levels In The Majority Of The People? -- 14.5. Psycho Physiological Benefits -- 14.5.1. Affective Benefits -- 14.5.2. Cognitive Benefits -- 14.5.3. Gardening Benefits -- 14.5.4. Social Benefits Of Gardening -- 14.5.5. 14.5.5 The Spiritual Benefits Of Gardening -- 14.5.6. Physical Benefits Of Gardening -- 14.5.7. Horticultural Therapy Program -- References -- 15. Green Roofs -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. What Is A Green Roof? -- 15.3. Green Roofs Today -- 15.4. Green Roofs Types -- 15.4.1. After Roofs Inclination -- 15.4.2. After Structure Form Arrangement -- 15.5. Green Roofs Components -- 15.5.1. Waterproofing Layer (a Seal) -- 15.5.2. Drainage Layer And Filtration -- 15.5.3. Substrate (growing Medium) -- 15.5.4. Plants And Vegetation -- 15.6. Green Roofs Maintenance And Warranty -- References -- 16. Green Walls -- 16.1. Introduction -- 16.2. Why Green Walls -- 16.3. Green Walls Types -- 16.3.1. Extensive Green Walls -- 16.3.2. Intensive Green Wall -- 16.4. Analytical Instruction -- References -- Pt. Iii Bioclimatic Architecture -- 17. Interaction Between Architectural Creation And Environmental Impact -- 17.1. Introduction -- 17.2. Energy Upon Ambience -- 17.2.1. Conduction -- 17.2.2. Convection -- 17.2.3. Radiation -- 17.2.4. Evaporation -- 17.3. Energy Upon Architectural Conception -- 17.4. Physical Environment And Human Comfort -- 17.4.1. Acoustical Environment -- 17.4.2. Optical Environment -- 17.4.3. Thermal Environment -- References -- 18. Vernacular Architecture And Human Experiences -- 18.1. Introduction -- 18.2. Vernacular Architecture Values -- 18.2.1. Vernacular Architecture Conception -- 18.2.2. Vernacular Architectural Spaces Values -- 18.2.3. Architectural Elements Values -- References -- 19. Vernacular Architecture From Hot Regions (basrah, Iraq) -- 19.1. Introduction -- 19.2. Climate In Basrah -- 19.3. Vernacular Architecture And Buildings Specific -- 19.4. Vernacular Architecture Mechanism -- 19.4.1. Habitat Spaces With Thermal Role -- 19.4.2. Architectural Elements With Thermal Role -- 19.4.3. Natural Elements With Positive Effects -- 19.5. Habitat-specific Concept -- 19.5.1. Urban Texture Specific -- 19.5.2. Specific Volume -- 19.5.3. Specific Habitat Plan -- 19.5.4. Specific Building Materials -- 19.5.5. Energy On Vernacular Dwellings -- References -- 20. Vernacular Architecture From Cold And Temperate Regions (aarhus, Denmark) -- 20.1. Climate In Aarhus -- 20.1.1. Temperature -- 20.1.2. Wind -- 20.1.3. Sunshine -- 20.2. Habitat Type In History -- 20.3. Vernacular Architecture Mechanism -- 20.3.1. Closed Functional Spaces -- 20.3.2. Intermediary Spaces -- 20.3.3. Open Functional Spaces -- 20.3.4. Landscape Elements With Thermal Elements -- 20.4. Habitat Concept Specific -- 20.4.1. Specific Urban Texture -- 20.4.2. Specific Habitat Plan -- 20.4.3. Specific Habitat Volume -- 20.4.4. Specific Construction Material -- 20.4.5. Heating System -- References -- 21. Improvement Of Exterior And Interior Energy Allocate -- 21.1. Improvement Of Exterior Energy Allocate -- 21.1.1. Ameriorate Of Local Microclimate -- 21.1.2. Effect Of Local Earth Relief -- 21.1.3. Effect Of Water And Vegetation -- 21.2. Improvement Of Interior Energy Allocate -- 21.2.1. Architectural Functions And Human Comfort Activity -- 21.2.2. Building Thermal Zones Such As Cascade -- References -- 22. Improvement Of Thermal Insulation (passive Buildings) -- 22.1. Introduction -- 22.2. Insulation Roles -- 22.2.1. Energy Saving And Conservation -- 22.2.2. Energy Changes And Control -- 22.2.3. Condensation Control -- 22.2.4. Fire Protection -- 22.3. Insulation Types -- 22.3.1. Permanent Insulations -- 22.3.2. Movable Insulation -- 22.4. Insulation In Passive Buildings Concept -- 22.4.1. Windows Amjad Almusaed. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Matter....Pages i-xxix Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Overview....Pages 3-11 Architectural Hypothesis....Pages 13-21 Architectural Theory....Pages 23-35 Front Matter....Pages 37-37 Biophilic Architecture Hypothesis....Pages 39-46 Introduction on Plants and Vegetations....Pages 47-83 Introduction on Growing Media (Soil)....Pages 85-94 Introduction on Irrigation Systems....Pages 95-112 Green Areas in Biophilic Architecture....Pages 113-122 Climate Change and Human Health (The Challenges and Remediation Act)....Pages 123-138 The Urban Heat Island Phenomenon upon Urban Components....Pages 139-150 The Green Areas Benefits Upon Urban Sustainability Role....Pages 151-157 Plants, Oxygen and Human Life Benefits....Pages 159-165 Evapotranspiration and Environmental Benefits....Pages 167-171 Socio and Healthy Human Psychology upon Biophilic Architecture....Pages 173-186 Green Roofs....Pages 187-204 Green Walls....Pages 205-216 Front Matter....Pages 217-217 Interaction between Architectural Creation and Environmental Impact....Pages 219-227 Vernacular Architecture and Human Experiences....Pages 229-232 Vernacular Architecture from Hot Regions (Basrah, Iraq)....Pages 233-249 Vernacular Architecture from Cold and Temperate Regions (Aarhus, Denmark)....Pages 251-263 Front Matter....Pages 217-217 Improvement of Exterior and Interior Energy Allocate....Pages 265-275 Improvement of Thermal Insulation (Passive Buildings)....Pages 277-289 Improvement of Energy Saving Concept....Pages 291-299 Windows Between Optical and Thermal Roles....Pages 301-310 Illuminations by Sun–Skylight Tubes....Pages 311-318 Illumination by Optical Arteries....Pages 319-323 Illuminate by Light Shelves....Pages 325-332 Cooling by Effective Shading....Pages 333-343 Cooling by Comfort Ventilation....Pages 345-351 Cooling by Direct Evaporative Systems....Pages 353-361 Cooling by Indirect Evaporative Systems....Pages 363-366 Cooling by Thermal Earth Inertia....Pages 367-375 Passive Heating Concept....Pages 377-383 Solar Passive Heating Components....Pages 385-392 Passive Heating Systems....Pages 393-404 Remembering Conclusion....Pages 405-408 Back Matter....Pages 409-422