Biomedical Sensors and Measurement (Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China)

"Biomedical Sensors and Measurement" is an interdisciplinary book combining electronics with biology and medicine. It gives an overview of the concept and principle of biomedical sensors and measurement. First, the basic theory and technology are explained, followed by details of the physical sensors, chemical sensors, biosensors and their typical applications in biomedicine. Furthermore, the interface technology of the sensors and the typical measurement systems is presented. The large amount of vivid and specific figures and formulas will help to deepen the understanding of the fundamental and new applications involving biomedical sensors and measurement technology. The book is intended for biomedical engineers, medical physicists and other researchers and professionals in biomedicine-related specialties, especially interdisciplinary studies. Prof. Ping Wang and Dr. Qingjun Liu both work at the Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, China. Title Page......Page 3 Copyright Page......Page 5 Foreword......Page 7 Preface......Page 9 Table of Contents......Page 12 1.1.1 Basic Concept of Sensors......Page 16 1.1.2 Classification of Biomedical Sensors......Page 17 1.2.1 Bioelectrical Signal Detection......Page 18 1.2.3 Other Physiological and Biochemical Parameter Detection......Page 19 1.3 Characteristics of Biomedical Sensors and Measurement......Page 20 1.3.1 Features of Biomedical Sensors and Measurement......Page 21 1.3.2 Special Requirement of Biomedical Sensors and Measurement......Page 22 1.4.1 Invasive and Non-invasive Detection......Page 23 1.4.2 Multi-parameters Detection......Page 24 1.4.3 In vitro and in vivo Detection......Page 25 1.4.4 Intelligent Artificial Viscera......Page 26 1.4.5 Micro-nano Systems......Page 27 1.4.6 Biochips and Microfluidics......Page 28 References......Page 29 2.1 Introduction......Page 31 2.2.1 Static Characteristics......Page 32 2.2.2 Dynamic Characteristics......Page 35 2.3.1.2 Active and Passive Measurement......Page 39 2.3.2 Sensor Measurement System......Page 40 2.3.3.1 Signal Modulation......Page 43 2.3.3.2 Signal Demodulation or Detection......Page 44 2.3.4 Improvement of Sensor Measurement System......Page 45 2.4.1.1 Biocompatibility......Page 47 2.4.1.2 Classification of Biocompatibility......Page 49 2.4.2 Biocompatibility for Implantable Biomedical Sensors......Page 50 2.4.3 Biocompatibility for in vitro Biomedical Sensors......Page 52 2.5.1 Lithography......Page 56 2.5.2 Film Formation......Page 57 2.5.3 Etching......Page 58 2.5.4 Design of the Biomedical Sensors......Page 60 References......Page 62 3.1 Introduction......Page 65 3.2.1.1 Strain Effect and Characteristics......Page 66 3.2.1.2 Measurement......Page 67 3.2.1.3 Biomedical Applications......Page 70 3.2.2.2 Measurement......Page 73 3.2.2.3 Biomedical Applications......Page 74 3.3.1.1 Self-inductance Sensors......Page 77 3.3.1.3 Measurement......Page 78 3.3.2 Applications in Biomedicine......Page 79 3.4.1 Principle and Configuration......Page 81 3.4.1.3 Medium-variant Capacitive Sensors......Page 82 3.4.2 Measurement Circuits......Page 83 3.4.3 Biomedical Applications......Page 84 3.4.3.1 Capacitive Pressure Sensors......Page 85 3.4.3.2 Electret Microphone......Page 88 3.4.3.3 2D Capacitive Sensors......Page 90 3.5 Piezoelectric Sensors and Measurement......Page 91 3.5.1 Piezoelectric Effect and Piezoelectric Materials......Page 92 3.5.2 Measurement Circuits......Page 95 3.5.3.2 Sensors Based on Piezoelectric Resonators......Page 96 3.6 Magnetoelectric Sensors and Measurement......Page 99 3.6.1.1 Working Principle......Page 100 3.6.1.2 Basic Characteristics......Page 101 3.6.1.3 Measuring Circuit for Magnetoelectric Induction Sensor......Page 102 3.6.2 Applications in Biomedcine......Page 103 3.6.3.1 Hall Device......Page 104 3.6.3.2 Compensation for Hall Device’s Unequal Electrical Potential......Page 106 3.6.3.3 Temperature Compensating for Hall Device......Page 107 3.6.3.4 Biomedical Applications......Page 108 3.7.1 Photoelectric Element......Page 109 3.7.1.1 Photoresistor......Page 110 3.7.1.2 Photodiode and Transistor......Page 111 3.7.1.3 Photovoltaic Sensors......Page 113 3.7.2.1 Optical Fiber’s Structure and Its Principle of Transmitting the Light......Page 114 3.7.2.2 Basic Characteristics of Optic Fiber......Page 115 3.7.3.1 Detection of Pulse Oximeter......Page 116 3.7.3.2 Fiber Optic Temperature Sensor......Page 117 3.8.1.1 Resistance Temperature Detectors......Page 118 3.8.1.2 Thermistors......Page 119 3.8.2 Thermocouple Sensors......Page 120 3.8.2.1 Principle of Thermocouples......Page 121 3.8.3.1 Diode Temperature Sensor......Page 122 3.8.3.2 Triode Temperature Sensor......Page 123 3.8.4 Applications in Biomedicine......Page 124 References......Page 126 4.1.1 History......Page 130 4.1.3 Classification and Characteristics......Page 132 4.2.1.1 Principle......Page 134 4.2.1.2 Characterization......Page 135 4.2.1.3 Applications......Page 136 4.2.2.1 Characteristics......Page 139 4.2.2.2 Principles......Page 140 4.2.2.3 Ion Sensitive Membranes......Page 141 4.2.2.4 Applications......Page 142 4.2.3.1 Principle......Page 143 4.2.3.2 Measurement Circuit and Characteristics......Page 144 4.2.3.3 pH-sensitivity......Page 145 4.2.3.4 Applications......Page 146 4.2.4 Microelectrode Array......Page 147 4.2.4.1 Microelectrode......Page 148 4.2.4.2 Microelectrode Array......Page 149 4.2.4.3 Heavy Metals-sensitive MEA......Page 150 4.3.1 Electrochemical Gas Sensors......Page 151 4.3.1.1 Structure and Principle......Page 152 4.3.1.2 Applications......Page 153 4.3.2.1 Structure and Principle......Page 155 4.3.2.2 Applications......Page 157 4.3.3 Solid Electrolyte Gas Sensors......Page 159 4.3.3.1 Structure and Principle......Page 160 4.3.3.2 Applications......Page 161 4.3.4.1 Structure and Principle......Page 163 4.3.4.2 Applications......Page 164 4.4 Humidity Sensors......Page 166 4.4.1 Capacitive Humidity Sensors......Page 167 4.4.2 Resistive Humidity Sensors......Page 169 4.4.3 Thermal Conductivity Humidity Sensors......Page 171 4.5.1.1 Structure and Principle......Page 173 4.5.1.2 Sensing System......Page 174 4.5.1.3 Pattern Recognition System......Page 177 4.5.2.1 Principle......Page 181 4.5.2.3 Functional Membranes......Page 183 4.5.2.4 Bionic Taste Chip......Page 185 4.6.1 Design and Fabrication......Page 186 4.6.1.1 Basic Principles of Microfluidic Chips......Page 187 4.6.1.2 Microfluidic Chip Fabrication......Page 188 4.6.1.3 Driving and Control of Micro Flow......Page 189 4.7 Sensor Networks......Page 196 4.7.1 History of Sensor Networks......Page 197 4.7.2 Essential Factors of Sensor Networks......Page 198 4.7.3.2 I2C Bus......Page 199 4.7.3.3 CAN Bus......Page 200 4.7.4 Wireless Sensor Network......Page 201 4.7.4.2 Typical Structure......Page 202 4.7.4.3 Key Techniques......Page 204 4.7.4.4 Senses and Challenges......Page 206 4.7.4.5 Forecasts......Page 207 References......Page 208 5.1.1 History and Concept of Biosensors......Page 211 5.1.2 Components of a Biosensor......Page 212 5.1.3 Properties of Biosensors......Page 214 5.1.4 Common Bioreceptor Components......Page 215 5.2.1.1 Enzyme......Page 216 5.2.1.2 Enzyme Sensors......Page 217 5.2.1.3 Clark Oxygen Electrode Sensor......Page 219 5.2.2.1 Microorganism......Page 220 5.2.2.2 Microorganism Sensors......Page 221 5.2.2.3 Microorganism Sensors for BOD......Page 222 5.3.1.1 Antibody and Antigen......Page 223 5.3.1.2 Immunosensor......Page 224 5.3.1.3 SPR-based Immunosensor......Page 226 5.3.1.4 QCM-based Immunosensor......Page 228 5.3.2.1 Nucleic Acid......Page 231 5.3.2.2 Nucleic Acid Sensors......Page 233 5.3.2.3 Nucleic Acid Sensor and DNA Chip......Page 235 5.3.3.1 Receptor and Ion Channel......Page 236 5.3.3.2 Receptor and Ion Channel Sensor......Page 238 5.4 Cell and Tissue Biosensors......Page 239 5.4.1.1 Cellular Metabolism by Cytosensor......Page 241 5.4.1.2 Microphysiometer Based on LAPS......Page 242 5.4.2 Cellular Impedance Biosensors......Page 244 5.4.2.1 Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing......Page 245 5.4.2.2 Applications of Cell Impedance Biosensors......Page 246 5.4.3.1 Extracellular Potential Detection by MEA......Page 248 5.4.3.2 Applications of Extracellular Potential Detection......Page 250 5.5.1 Chips of Microarray......Page 253 5.5.2.1 DNA Microarray......Page 254 5.5.2.2 Protein Microarray......Page 257 5.5.3.1 Tissue Chips......Page 260 5.5.3.2 Cell Chips......Page 262 5.5.4 Lab-on-a-Chip......Page 263 5.6.1.1 Nanomaterials......Page 265 5.6.1.2 Nanomaterials in the Biosensor Application......Page 266 5.6.2 Nanoparticles and Nanopores Biosensors......Page 267 5.6.2.1 Nanoparticle Biosensors......Page 268 5.6.2.2 Nanopores Biosensors......Page 272 5.6.3.1 Characteristics of nanotubes and nanowires......Page 276 5.6.3.2 Preparation of nanotubes and nanowires......Page 277 5.6.3.3 Applications......Page 279 References......Page 284 Index......Page 288 This interdisciplinary book combines electronics with biology and medicine, providing an overview of biomedical sensors and measurement. The text describes the basic theory and technology, as well as the physical and chemical sensors, biosensors and their applications in biomedicine. Ping Wang, Qingjun Liu. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.