Biomechanics: Basic and Applied Research: Selected Proceedings of the Fifth Meeting of the European Society of Biomechanics, September 8–10, 1986, Berlin, F.R.G. (Developments in Biomechanics, 3)

By definition Biomechanics is the application of engineering methods to study the mechanical aspects of living beings. Mostly the life scientists have the questions but lack of the specialized methods. The engineers on the other hand can handle very specialized equipment and methods, but lack in the biological thinking. If both sides are able to adapt to each other, Biomechanics is a classical field of interdis­ ciplinary cooperation. In the beginning, most biomechanical research was done in the field of orthopaedics. But other areas like cardiovascular research, dentistry, sports and many others gain increasing importance. This situation is clearly reflected in this book, which contains a selected number of papers which were presented at the Fifth Meeting of the European Society of Biomechanics, held in September 1986 in Berlin. Meanwhile these meetings have become a well accepted forum and a place of interdis­ ciplinary discussion for scientists in Biomechanics on the one side and surgeons and other peoples interested in biome­ chanical solutions on the other. It is the third time that the proceedings are published as a book and the editors are sure that this volume will help to establish this series "Developement in Biomechanics" as a valuable tool for all people involved in Biomechanics. The Fifth Meeting of the ESB also marks the tenth anniversary in the short history of the European Society of Biomechanics. Front Matter....Pages I-XV Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Biomechanics in Orthopaedics....Pages 3-18 Biomechanics of Total Knee Replacement....Pages 19-31 Gait Analysis: A Survey....Pages 33-50 Biomechanics of Sports - Current Problems....Pages 51-58 Biomechanics of Tendons and Other Soft Connective Tissues. Testing Methods and Structure-Function Interdependence....Pages 59-72 Cardiovascular Biomechanics....Pages 73-84 Fluid Mechanics in Cardiovascular Research Cardiac Valve Flow Dynamics....Pages 85-98 The Development of Technology in Medicine and Biology....Pages 99-105 Front Matter....Pages 107-107 The Accuracy of Criteria for Automatic 3-D Graphics Reconstruction of Bone from Computer Tomography....Pages 109-114 Comparison of Optoelectronic and Film Based Kinematic Data in Dynamic Biomechanical Evaluation of Back Muscle Tension....Pages 115-120 Instantaneous Helical Axis Estimation Via Natural, Cross-Validated Splines....Pages 121-128 Estimation of Gait Cycle Duration and Stride Length from One Marker Kinematic Data....Pages 129-134 Speckle Interferometry: A Technique to Investigate Deformations in the Femoral Bone....Pages 135-140 Speckle Interferometry for Investigation of the Rigidity of External Fracture Fixation - A Preliminary Study....Pages 141-146 An Automatic Method to Evaluate Goodness of Muscular Work During Human Locomotion....Pages 147-152 Quantitative Evaluation of the Walking Performance of the Horse Using Force Plate Data Analysis....Pages 153-158 Quantification of Skin Displacement in the Walking Horse....Pages 159-164 Front Matter....Pages 165-165 Medial Collateral Ligament Healing: a Biomechanical Assessment....Pages 167-172 The Determination of Ligament Strain by a Computer Controlled Knee Loading Apparatus....Pages 173-178 Redesign and Development of a Force Transducer of the Buckle Type....Pages 179-186 Front Matter....Pages 165-165 The Wrinkling of Thin Membrane-Like Connective Tissue Structures....Pages 187-192 Stress Relaxation, Used as a Tool for Diagnosis of Incompetence of Human Cervix in Terms of a Mixture Model of Tissue....Pages 193-198 Front Matter....Pages 199-199 A Study of Haversian Systems....Pages 201-206 The Elastic Modulus of Cancellous Bone: Dependence on Trabecular Orientation....Pages 207-212 Mechanical Properties of Subchondral Bone From Normal and Osteoarthrotic Human Femoral Heads....Pages 213-218 Control of Chondro-Osseous Skeletal Biology by Mechanical Energy....Pages 219-224 Mechanisms of Crack Propagation in Cortical Bone....Pages 225-230 A Biomechanical Analysis at Lamellar Level of Femoral Shafts Deformed in Bending....Pages 231-236 Bending Strength of Operatively Stabilized Fractures Under the Influence of Bisphosphonates....Pages 237-242 Holographic Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Tibia Fixed with Internal Fixation Plate....Pages 243-248 Front Matter....Pages 249-249 Biomechanics of the Shoulder and Elbow....Pages 251-254 Ligament Strains in Wrist-Joint Motions....Pages 255-260 Experimental Study of the Hip Biomechanics Using Prescale Films....Pages 261-266 The Significance of the Torque Loading of the Total Hip Prosthesis....Pages 267-272 The Lubrication of the Natural Joint: Viscosity of Hyaluronic Acid and Friction in the Human Hip....Pages 273-278 Mechanical Properties of the Articular Cartilage....Pages 279-284 Mathematical Simulations of Passive Knee Joint Motions....Pages 285-290 Direct Measurement of Dynamic Contact Pressure on the Tibial Plateau of the Knee....Pages 291-296 A Dynamical Model of the Knee Joint....Pages 297-302 Gear Properties of the Human Knee Joint....Pages 303-307 Front Matter....Pages 249-249 Moire Fringe Contourographic Determination of the Three-Dimensional Geometry of the Posterior Articular Surface of the Calcaneum....Pages 309-314 Front Matter....Pages 315-315 Long Term Animal Tests with Instrumented Hip Implants....Pages 317-324 A Hypothesis Concerning the Effect of Implant Rigidity on Adaptive Cortical Bone Remodelling in the Femur....Pages 325-331 Stress Transfer Across the Hip Joint in Reconstructed Acetabuli....Pages 333-340 Stress Analysis of the Uncenenteo DSL Hip Prosthesis....Pages 341-346 Influence of Porous Coating Thickness and Elastic Modulus on Stress Distribution in Hip Prostheses....Pages 347-352 A Method for the Comparative Evaluation of the Initial Stability of Cementless Hip Prostheses....Pages 353-358 CAD/CAM Production of Customer Made Bone Titanium Alloy Implants by Means of CT Images....Pages 359-364 On Laboratory Experiences in Endurance Testing of Anchorage Stems of Hip Joint Endoprostheses....Pages 365-372 Structural Safety and Stress Distributions in Ceramic Hip-Joint-Heads for Different Neck Lengths....Pages 373-378 A Mathematical Model of Human Knee-Motion and Evaluation of Knee Endoprostheses....Pages 379-384 Front Matter....Pages 385-385 Parametric Analysis of the Stress Protection in Bone After Plating....Pages 387-392 Limits of Plate on Bone Friction in Internal Fixation of Fractures....Pages 393-398 The Bending of the Screw in the Osteosynthesis with Autocompression Plates....Pages 399-404 Microcomputer Aided Finite Element Analysis in Fractured Long Bones Fixed By External Plate....Pages 405-410 The Incorporation of Friction Interfaces in a Non-Linear, Finite Element Model of a Plated Long Bone....Pages 411-416 The Surgical Expansion Dowel: A Proven Principle of Mechanical Fastening and Fixing Technology to Osteosynthetic Uses....Pages 417-422 Anatomical Curvature of the Femoral Medullary Canal for Intramedullary Rodding....Pages 423-428 Comparative Investigation on the Biomechanical Properties of the Circular and Other Three-Dimensional External Fixators....Pages 429-434 Evaluation of Increasing Stiffness of Healing Bone Using External Fixation....Pages 435-440 Front Matter....Pages 385-385 The Effect of Different Regimes of Axial Micromovement on the Healing of Experimental Tibial Fractures....Pages 441-446 The Influence of Intermittent Change of Mechanical Environment Upon the Healing of Tibial Fractures....Pages 447-452 Experimental Investigation About the Stability of the Greater Trochanter....Pages 453-458 Bending Fatigue Characteristics of Artificial Knee Ligaments....Pages 459-464 Biomechanics of the Acromioclavicular Stabilization....Pages 465-470 Front Matter....Pages 471-471 Determination of Spinal Stress by Biomechanical Model Calculations and Comparison with Spinal Mechanical Strength....Pages 473-478 Effect of Tension Preload on Lumbar Spine Kinematics and Its Clinical Implication....Pages 479-484 Regional Lumbar Sagittal Mobility and Back Trouble....Pages 485-490 Electromyographic Activity as an Indicator of Back Load at Work....Pages 491-496 An Attempt at Determining the Effort of the Lumbar Part of the Spine on the Basis of Model Investigations....Pages 497-503 Experimental Study on the Torsional Rigidity of Various Dorsal Stabilization Procedures on Lumbar Spines....Pages 505-510 Possibilities and Results of Total Lumbar Disk Replacement....Pages 511-516 The Role of the Alar and Transverse Ligaments for the Stability of the Cranio-Cervical Joint....Pages 517-522 3-D Automatic Posture Analysis for Evaluation of Brace Effects on Spinal Deformity....Pages 523-528 Front Matter....Pages 529-529 Stripping of Thread in Bone by Commercial Cortical Self-Tapping and Pretapped Screws....Pages 531-536 Could Koehler-Freiberg’s Disease be Caused by Biomechanical Factors?....Pages 537-542 Measurement of Pressure Distribution on Curved and Soft Surfaces....Pages 543-550 Crutch, Staircase Railing and Foot-Floor Reaction Forces During Paraplegic’s Stair Climbing....Pages 551-556 Slow Walking in Normal Subjects on a Track and a Motor Driven Treadmill....Pages 557-561 Comparison of Subjective Gait Observation with Measured Gait Asymmetry....Pages 563-568 Front Matter....Pages 529-529 Impulse Characteristics in Aided Gait and Walking Aid Design....Pages 569-574 Upon the Mechanical Load of Elbow Crutches....Pages 575-580 Significance of the Mechanical Power at the Lower Limb Joints During Walking by Hemiplegic Subjects....Pages 581-586 The Role of Muscle Forces in the Instable Human Knee Joint in Vitro....Pages 587-592 Front Matter....Pages 593-593 Relation between Mechanical Load and Emg-Activity of Selected Muscles of the Trunk Under Isometric Conditions....Pages 595-600 Minimization Strategies for Arm Movement....Pages 601-606 Characteristics of the Gait Induced by a Fall....Pages 607-612 Muscle Fibre Composition, Isometric Leg Strength, and Endurance in Man....Pages 613-618 In-Vivo Viscoelasticity of the Human Soleus Muscle....Pages 619-624 Front Matter....Pages 625-625 A New Method to Measure Lateral Bow Accelerations During Shooting in Archery....Pages 627-632 Reduction of Lateral Bow Displacement Using Different Torque Flight Compensators and Stabilizers in Archery....Pages 633-638 An Improved Archery Simulator for Objective Dynamic Tests of Bows and Arrows....Pages 639-644 Optimization of Rowing Motion Technique by Use of Interactive Computer Simulation....Pages 645-652 An Improved Model and Computer Simulation of Cycling Motion Technique....Pages 653-658 Pressure Measurements Inside Shoes and Application in Alpine Skiing....Pages 659-666 An Analysis of Human Maximal Isometric Voluntary Plantar Flexion as a Function of Ankle and Knee Joint Angle....Pages 667-672 An Attempt at Evaluation of Strength/Speed Abilities of Lower Extremities for Athletes....Pages 673-678 Complex Investigation of Track Start....Pages 679-684 4 × 100 M Relay: Modelling by Permutation Techniques and Ultrasound Velocity Measurement on Curved Tracks....Pages 685-690 Model of the Lateral Yacht Shell Displacements Used in Yachtsmen Body Motion Coordination Studies....Pages 691-696 Front Matter....Pages 697-697 Hydrodynamic Comparison of Duromedics Prostheses and St.Jude Medical Prostheses of Various Sizes....Pages 699-706 In Vitro Kinematic Study of the Occluder Motion in an Artificial Tilting Disc Heart Valve....Pages 707-712 Numerical Study of Peristaltic Pumping in Circular Cylindrical Tubes....Pages 713-718 Mechanical Properties of Intact Arterial Segments....Pages 719-724 Assessment of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Bovine Pericardium....Pages 725-730 Front Matter....Pages 731-731 Elastic Properties of the Hydroxyapatite-Bone Compound in Rabbits....Pages 733-738 Fatigue Behavior of Composite Bone Cement....Pages 739-744 Biomechanical Analysis of Coupling Between Mandible and Removable Partial Dentures....Pages 745-750 On the Existence of the Orthodontic Center of Resistance....Pages 751-756 Cyclic Groups of Non-Linear Biological Automorphisms and Theory of Cyclogenesis in Biomechanics....Pages 757-762 Back Matter....Pages 763-765