Bioluminescence: Fundamentals and Applications in Biotechnology - Volume 2 (Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology Book 145)

This book review series presents current trends in modern biotechnology. The aim is to cover all aspects of this interdisciplinary technology where knowledge, methods and expertise are required from chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, genetics, chemical engineering and computer science. Volumes are organized topically and provide a comprehensive discussion of developments in the respective field over the past 3-5 years. The series also discusses new discoveries and applications. Special volumes are dedicated to selected topics which focus on new biotechnological products and new processes for their synthesis and purification. In general, special volumes are edited by well-known guest editors. The series editor and publisher will however always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Manuscripts are accepted in English. Contents 6 Part I Fundamentals of Bioluminescence 8 1 How Synthetic Biology Will Reconsider Natural Bioluminescence and Its Applications 9 Abstract 9 1...Introduction 10 2...Applications 11 2.1 Illumination 11 2.2 Aesthetics 12 2.3 Communication with Humans 13 2.4 Communication with Other Engineered Systems 14 3...Feasibility of Bio-lighting 15 3.1 Photosynthetic Efficiency 15 3.2 Energy Output 15 3.3 Competing with Conventional Lighting 16 4...Bioluminescent Parts and Modules in Nature 18 4.1 Firefly Luminescence 18 4.2 Bacterial Bioluminescence 21 4.3 Other Natural Luminescence Systems 23 5...Selecting Chassis Organisms 24 6...Controlling Luminescence 28 7...Containment 29 8...Improving and Altering Luminescence 32 8.1 Alterations 33 9...Conclusions 34 References 34 2 Optimization of the Firefly Luciferase Reaction for Analytical Purposes 37 Abstract 37 1...Introduction 38 2...Pretreatment of Samples 40 2.1 Concentration of Bacteria 40 2.2 Dilution 40 2.3 Pretreatment to Remove Specific Pools of ATP 41 2.4 Resuscitation 42 3...Extraction of Intracellular ATP 42 4...Selection of Luciferase for Different Applications 43 4.1 Reporter Gene Assays 44 4.2 ATP Assays 44 5...Luciferin 45 5.1 d-Luciferin 45 5.2 Luciferin Analogues and Derivatives 46 6...Kinetics of the Luciferase Reaction 46 7...Optimization of Reagents 50 7.1 Optimization of Assays of ATP 50 7.2 Optimization of Assays of Luciferase 51 7.3 Optimization of Coupled Enzyme Assays 52 7.3.1 Endpoint Assays of Metabolites 53 7.3.2 Kinetic Assays of Metabolites 54 7.3.3 Kinetic Assays of ATP-Forming Enzymes 55 7.3.4 Kinetic Assays of ATP-Depleting Enzymes 57 8...Stabilization of Reagents 58 9...Calibration of Assays 58 10...Sources of Background and Ways to Reduce Them 62 11...Effect of Measuring Different Light Parameters/Read-Outs 64 12...Conclusions 64 Acknowledgements 65 References 65 Part II Applications of Bioluminescencein Environment and Security 69 3 Evaluation of the Ecotoxicity of Pollutants with Bioluminescent Microorganisms 70 Abstract 70 1...Introduction 72 2...Naturally Bioluminescent Microorganisms: Their Use in Environmental Monitoring 73 3...Recombinant Bioluminescent Microorganisms: Their Use in Environmental Monitoring 79 3.1 Specific Soil Bioreporters 89 3.2 Bioreporters Specially Designed to Assess Bioremediation Programs and Wastewater Toxicity Evaluation 89 3.3 Freshwater Bioreporters 91 3.4 Eukaryotic Bioreporters 92 3.5 Aequorin-Based Bioreporters 93 4...Relevance of QSAR Models and Hormesis in Ecotoxicology 102 4.1 Bioluminescent Microorganisms and QSAR Models 102 4.2 Hormetic Response of Bioluminescent Organisms and Its Implications in Ecotoxicity Testing 106 5...Use of Bioluminescent Microorganisms to Assess Mixture Toxicity: From Whole Toxicity Determination to Development of Conceptual Models to Study the Toxicity of Complex Mixtures of Pollutants 108 5.1 Whole Toxicity Assessment 108 5.2 Bioluminescent Microorganisms and Toxicology of Mixtures 110 6...Concluding Remarks 119 References 120 4 Molecular Manipulations for Enhancing Luminescent Bioreporters Performance in the Detection of Toxic Chemicals 141 Abstract 141 Abstract 141 1...Introduction 142 2...Genetic Manipulations of the Host Strain and Expression System 143 3...Genetic Manipulations of the Sensing Element 144 4...Genetic Manipulations of lux Reporting Elements 147 5...Additional Genetic Manipulations and the Advent of Synthetic Biology 148 6...Summary 151 References 152 Part III Applications of Bioluminescencein Agriculture and Bioprocess 154 5 Biosensors, Antibiotics and Food 155 Abstract 155 1...Introduction 156 2...Antibiotic Use and Associated Risks 157 3...Control of Antibiotic Use 159 4...Detection Methods of Antibiotic Residues in Food 161 4.1 Confirmatory Analysis of Antibiotic Residues 161 4.2 Screening Methods for Antibiotic Residues 163 5...Biosensors for Detection of Antibiotics in Food 169 5.1 Whole-Cell Biosensors 173 5.2 Inducible Whole-Cell Biosensors for Antibiotic Detection 175 6...Conclusions 181 References 181 Part IV Applications of Bioluminescencein Health 188 6 Rapid In-vitro Testing for Chemotherapy Sensitivity in Leukaemia Patients 189 Abstract 189 1...Introduction: Bioluminescent Biosensors for Drug Sensitivity 191 1.1 Bioluminescent Reporter Technology 191 1.2 Real-Time Monitoring of Anti-microbial Effects 192 1.3 Intracellular Anti-microbial Effects 192 2...The Clinical Need in Leukaemia 193 3...Construction of a Bacterial Biosensor for Chemotherapy Sensitivity Testing 198 3.1 Mode of Action of Target Drug 198 3.2 Construction of Cytarabine Sensitive E. Coli Host 199 3.3 Bioluminescent Biosensor Development 199 4...Validation of the Biosensor Assay EA 202 4.1 Validation of Ara-CTP Measurement 203 4.2 Assay Sensitivity and Specificity 204 4.3 Assay Reproducibility and Stability 204 5...Clinical Testing 207 6...Future Perspectives 209 6.1 Multi Drug Testing 210 6.2 Cytarabine Biosensor 210 6.3 Applications with Other Drugs 211 6.4 Additional Chemotherapy Biosensors 211 6.5 Rapid Testing in Other Cancers 211 References 212 Index 215 Front Matter....Pages i-vi Front Matter....Pages 1-1 How Synthetic Biology Will Reconsider Natural Bioluminescence and Its Applications....Pages 3-30 Optimization of the Firefly Luciferase Reaction for Analytical Purposes....Pages 31-62 Front Matter....Pages 63-63 Evaluation of the Ecotoxicity of Pollutants with Bioluminescent Microorganisms....Pages 65-135 Molecular Manipulations for Enhancing Luminescent Bioreporters Performance in the Detection of Toxic Chemicals....Pages 137-149 Front Matter....Pages 151-151 Biosensors, Antibiotics and Food....Pages 153-185 Front Matter....Pages 187-187 Rapid In-vitro Testing for Chemotherapy Sensitivity in Leukaemia Patients....Pages 189-214 Back Matter....Pages 215-224