Biology of Salmonella (Nato Science Series A:, 245)

Salmonella infections of man and animals continue to be a distressing health problem worldwide. Far from disappearing, the incidence of typhoid fever in developing countries may be far higher than we had imagined. Salmonella food poisoning has increased to one of the major causes of gastroenteritis in the developed world, in itself also an indication that animal salmonellosis is still a major cause for concern. The situation requires a concerted multidisciplinary research effort in order to generate the new information and technology needed to assist in the control of these diseases. This concept was the driving force behind the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Biology of Salmonella" held at Portorosa, Messina, Italy, May 11-15, 1992. With additional support from the University of Messina, Medeva Group Research (UK) and the Swiss Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, the meeting brought together epidemiologists, microbiologists, molecular biologists, immunologists and clinicians. All the participants were actively working on different but related aspects of Salmonella and salmonellosis, with most of the leading laboratories worldwide being represented. The workshop provided an excellent opportunity for interdisciplinary consultation; it is not often that the topic of Salmonella and salmonellosis is covered to such breadth and depth in one extended meeting. Keynote addresses by invited speakers were interspersed with offered papers, many by younger members of the scientific community, and this volume presents the collated manuscripts of the lectures and extended summaries of the offered papers. Front Matter....Pages i-xii Changing Trends in Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Isolated from Humans in England and Wales....Pages 1-7 The Problem of Multiresistant Salmonella typhi — use of Molecular Markers in Epidemiology....Pages 9-13 Salmonella typhi in Spain: Epidemiological Markers and Antimicrobial Susceptibility (1979–1991)....Pages 15-24 Salmonellae and Salmonellosis in Turkey....Pages 25-33 Properties and Biological Role of Salmonella Virulence Plasmids....Pages 35-40 Construction of a Physical Map of the Genome of Salmonella typhimurium ....Pages 41-50 Coordination of Gene Expression in Pathogenic Salmonella typhimurium ....Pages 51-62 Some Structural Aspects of the Antigenic O-Polysaccharide Components of Salmonella Somatic Lipopolysaccharides....Pages 63-77 Fimbriae of Salmonella Enteritidis : Molecular Analysis of SEF14 and Vaccine Development Potential....Pages 79-82 The Pathogenicity Determinants of Salmonella typhi : Potential Role of Fimbrial Structures....Pages 83-90 The Maltose B Region in Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia Coli and Other Enterobacteriaceae ....Pages 91-104 Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serovar Berta....Pages 105-109 The viaB Locus of Salmonella typhi ....Pages 111-114 The Virulence Plasmid of Salmonella Encodes a Protein Resembling Eukaryotic Tropomyosins....Pages 115-120 Is Salmonella an Intracellular Pathogen?....Pages 121-129 Selection for Bacterial Virulence Genes that are Specifically Induced in Animal Tissues....Pages 131-139 Mechanism of Pathogenicity in Salmonella abortusovis ....Pages 141-147 Antibiotic Proteins of Human Neutrophils: Interaction with the Surface of Salmonella ....Pages 149-158 Early Events in the Pathogenesis of Enteric Fever in Mice....Pages 159-167 Entry of Salmonella into Epithelial Cells....Pages 169-179 Plasmid Genes Involved in Virulence in Salmonella ....Pages 181-190 Colonization and Invasion of the Intestinal Tract by Salmonella ....Pages 191-198 Experimental Salmonella typhimurium — Induced Gastroenteritis....Pages 199-209 Cellular Mediators of Anti-Microbial Resistance....Pages 211-221 Immunity Mechanisms in Experimental Salmonellosis....Pages 223-235 Humoral Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Outer Membrane Proteins....Pages 237-247 The Role of Granulocytes, Naive and Activated Macrophages in the Host Resistance against Salmonella typhimurium ....Pages 249-253 Role of Gamma Interferon and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Early Resistance to Murine Salmonellosis....Pages 255-264 Immunity and Immunosuppression Induced by Attenuated Salmonella : The Role of Nitric Oxide....Pages 265-277 Role of Natural Resistance and Immune Response in the Efficacy of Antibiotic Treatment for Systemic Salmonellosis....Pages 279-288 Mucosal Immunity: The Role of Secretory Immunoglobulin a in Protection Against the Invasive Pathogen Salmonella typhimurium ....Pages 289-298 T Cell Fibronectin, Delayed Hypersensitivity and Human Disease....Pages 299-308 Attenuation of Salmonella by Auxotrophy....Pages 309-322 The Genetics of Salmonella and Vaccine Development....Pages 323-332 Salmonella Strains with both Antigen 04 and 09: Characterization of Their Lipopolysaccharides and use as Immunogens....Pages 333-342 Attenuated Salmonella typhi as Live Oral Vaccines to Prevent Typhoid Fever and as Carrier Vaccines to Express Foreign Antigens....Pages 343-346 Hybrid Hepatitis B Virus Core/Pre-S Particles: Position Effects on Immunogenicity of Heterologous Epitopes and Expression in Avirulent Salmonellae for Oral Vaccination....Pages 347-353 Safety and Immunogenicity of Salmonella typhi Ty21a Liquid Formulation Vaccine in 4 to 6 Year Old Thai Children....Pages 355-359 Vaccines for Prevention of Enteric Bacterial Infections Caused by Salmonellae ....Pages 361-371 DNA-Based Methods for Detection of Salmonella Enterica ....Pages 373-377 Efficacy of Carumonam Treatment for the Eradication of Systemic Salmonellosis in Mice....Pages 379-381 Destruction of Salmonella by Osmotic Shock and Lysozyme....Pages 383-383 Human Variations in Susceptibility to Infection with S. typhi : Evidence from the Distribution of Incubation Periods in Single-Exposure Epidemics....Pages 385-388 Semisolid Media for Detection of Salmonella SPP....Pages 389-390 Salmonella Flagellin - Carriers of Heterologous Antigens and Identification of two new Flagellar Genes....Pages 391-394 Preliminary Characterization of Tn phoA Mutants of Salmonella Enteritidis with Reduced Invasiveness in vivo ....Pages 395-396 Hypo- and Hyper- Invasive Tn pho A Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium (Strain TML)....Pages 397-398 Invasion of Ileal Mucosa by Strains of Salmonella typhimurium : Quantitative Studies in vitro ....Pages 399-400 Microtubule-Dependent Versus Microfilament-Dependent Invasion Mechanisms Encoded by Citrobacter Freundii ....Pages 401-404 Interaction Between Human Cell Lines and Salmonella typhimurium : Effects of Protein Synthesis, Growth Phase, and Multiplicity of Infection on Adhesion and invasion....Pages 405-407 Molecular Cloning and Expression in Escherichia coli of the Salmonella typhi Gene Cluster Coding for type 1 Fimbriae....Pages 409-413 The Application of Salmonella Enteritidis aroA Vaccines in Chickens....Pages 415-417 Expression of Bacillus Anthracis Protective Antigen in Salmonella Typhimurium ....Pages 419-424 SIV- Salmonella Constructs and their Potential as Vaccine Candidates....Pages 425-426 In vivo and in vitro Characterisation of Attenuated TN pho A Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium C5....Pages 427-430 Is Vaccination with S. Typhi Ty21A (Vivotif Berna) Safe in Immunocompromized Individuals?....Pages 431-436 Mechanisms of Acquired Immunity Induced by a Live Attenuated Salmonella Abortusovis (RV6) Vaccine....Pages 437-446 Synthesis and Immunogenicity of a Salmonella Typhi O-chain- tetanus Toxoid Conjugated Vaccine....Pages 447-452 Use of Salmonella Spp. Carrier Strains to Deliver Bordetella Pertussis Antigens in Mice using the oral Route....Pages 453-457 T-Cell Responses in Mice Immunised with Live aroA Salmonella Vaccines....Pages 459-460 Role of T-Cells, TNFα and IFNγ in Immunity to Oral Challenge with Virulent Salmonellae in Mice Vaccinated with Aro - Live Attenuated Salmonella Vaccines....Pages 461-463 Reduced Virulence of S. Typhimurium with Mutations in Global Regulatory Genes....Pages 465-466 Back Matter....Pages 467-470