Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures 2021: Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the BICA Society (Studies in Computational Intelligence, 1032)

The book focuses on original approaches intended to support the development of biologically inspired cognitive architectures. It bridges together different disciplines, including artificial intelligence, linguistics, neuro- and social sciences, psychology and philosophy of mind, among others. The chapters are based on contributions presented at the 12th Annual Meeting of the BICA Society (BICA 2021), which consisted of two parallel virtual events: Information in Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures based Systems, held during the 2021 Summit of the International Society for the Study of Information, on September 12-19, 2021, from Vienna, Austria, and the 2021 International Workshop on Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures, held during the 21st ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, on September 14-17, 2021, from the Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto, Japan. The book discusses emerging methods, theories and ideas towards the realization of general-purpose humanlike artificial intelligence or fostering a better understanding of the ways the human mind works. It provides engineers, mathematicians, psychologists, computer scientists and other experts with a timely snapshot of recent research and a source of inspiration for future developments in the broadly intended areas of artificial intelligence and biological inspiration. Preface Organization Program Committee Contents Development of COMOS Architecture Based on a Story-Centric View of the Mind 1 Introduction 2 Generic Concepts 2.1 Story as Internal Information Structure 2.2 Basics of Internal Structure of COMOS 2.3 Basics of the Internal Movement of COMOS 3 Architecture of COMOS 3.1 Memory System 3.2 Inner Narrating and Memory System 3.3 APL and Memory System 4 Process Scenarios 4.1 Scenario 1: Network Formation in a Story and Memory Organization 4.2 Scenario 2: Internal Movement of Generative Space 5 Conclusion and Remaining Issues References Gibsonian Information: A New Approach to Quantitative Information 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Definitions 3 GI in a Biological Nervous System 4 Overarching Themes and Future Directions References Consciousness Semanticism: A Precise Eliminativist Theory of Consciousness 1 Introduction 2 Terminology and Concepts 2.1 Eliminativism 2.2 Property 2.3 Existence 2.4 Omniscience and Potential Discoverability 2.5 Related Views 3 The Semanticism Argument 4 Objections 5 Implications and Concluding Remarks References A Second-Order Adaptive Network Model for Exam-Related Anxiety Regulation 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 The Adaptive Network Modeling Approach Used 4 The Second-Order Adaptive Network Model 5 Simulation Results 6 Conclusion and Future Directions References Using Boolean Functions of Context Factors for Adaptive Mental Model Aggregation in Organisational Learning 1 Introduction 2 Mental Models and Organisational Learning 3 The Self-modeling Network Modeling Approach Used 4 The Adaptive Network Model for Organisational Learning 5 An Example Simulation Scenario 6 Discussion References User Group Classification Methods Based on Statistical Models 1 Introduction 2 Methodology of Agent-Based Target Search in Social Networks 2.1 Wave Method of Choosing Agent Routes in Social Networks (Search Agent) 2.2 Wave Method of Choosing Agent Routes in Social Networks (Search Agent) 3 Conclusion References From Mental Network Models to Virtualisation by Avatars: A First Software Implementation 1 Introduction 2 The Example Causal Mental Network Model Used 3 The Setup of the Software Environment for Virtualisation 4 Creating Avatars 5 The Designed Virtualisation for the Example Network Model 6 Discussion References Mapping Speech Intonations to the VAD Model of Emotions 1 Introduction 2 Intonation Characteristics 3 Impact of Emotions 4 Experiment Design and Conduction 5 Further Development of the Idea 6 Conclusion References Security Risk Management Methodology for Distributed Ledger Systems 1 Introduction 2 The Problem of Trust in the DLS 3 IS RM Frameworks 4 Comparative Analysis of IS RM Methods 5 Recommendations for the Development of Specific IS RM Methods 6 Conclusion References Criticism of the «Chinese Room» by J. Searle from the Position of a Hybrid Model for the Design of Artificial Cognitive Agents 1 Introduction 2 Briefly About the Hybrid Architecture of AI Agents 3 What is Meant by “Understanding”? 4 Will Artificial Cognitive Agents Be Able to Understand Meaning? 5 Conclusion References Walking Through the Turing Wall 1 Introduction 2 Chess and Ciphers 3 Inside and Outside the Wall 4 Verification by Dating a Girl 5 Post Turing 6 The Advent of “Techno-Umwelts” 7 Conclusions: New Cognitive Architectures References A Controlled Adaptive Network Model for Joint Attention 1 Introduction 2 The Adaptive Modeling Approach Used 3 The Designed Adaptive Network Model for Joint Attention 4 Simulation Results 5 Discussion and Future Perspectives References Means of Informational Support for the Program of Increasing the public's Loyalty to Projects in the Field of Nuclear Energy 1 Introduction 2 Means of Informational Support 3 Conclusions References The Research of Characteristic Frequencies for Gesture-based EMG Control Channels 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Theory 4 Experiment Setup 4.1 Hardware 4.2 Scheme 5 Result Analysis 6 Conclusions References Specification Language Based on Linear Temporal Logic for Automatic Construction of Statically Verified Systems 1 Introduction 1.1 The Problem 1.2 Related Works 2 Model of Asymmetric Synchronous Discrete Interaction with User 3 Architecture of System 4 Conclusion References Semantic Management of Domain Modification in a Virtual Environment for Modeling Vulnerable Information Subjects 1 Introduction 2 Virtual Environments 3 Related Work 4 Task Setting 5 Theoretical Model 6 Tools 7 Conclusion References Semantic Stabilization Tools for Managing the Cognitive Activity of the Subject 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Setting the Problem 4 Tools 5 Support to Multi-layer Architecture 6 Semantic Adapters 7 Conclusion References Intelligent Web-Application for Countering DDoS Attacks on Educational Institutions 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Methods for Preventing DDoS Attacks 3 Development of an Intelligent System for Countering DDoS Attacks Using Blockchain 3.1 A Model for Reducing the Impact of DDoS Attacks on Political Institutions 3.2 A Model for Reducing the Impact of DDoS Attacks on Political Institutions 3.3 Development of a Smart Contract 4 Computational Experiment to Emit DDoS Attacks on Political Institutions 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Toward Human-Level Qualitative Reasoning with a Natural Language of Thought 1 Introduction 2 What is Human-Level Intelligence and Would be Human-Level Artificial Intelligence? 3 What are the Major Options to Achieve Human-Level Artificial Intelligence? 3.1 Purely Symbolic Approaches to HLAI 3.2 Neural Network Architectures for HLAI 3.3 Hybrid Architectures for HLAI 4 What are the Major Options for AI Understanding Natural Language? 4.1 Treating Natural Language as External Data for Symbolic Processing 4.2 Using Natural Language as a Language of Thought in an AI System 5 What is Human-Level Qualitative Reasoning, and What is the Role of Natural Language in it? 5.1 Self-Development and Higher-Level Learning 5.2 Metacognition and Multi-level Reasoning 5.3 Sociality and Emotions 5.4 Natural Language Understanding and Human-Level Qualitative Reasoning 6 How Could a ‘TalaMind’ Architecture Support Qualitative Reasoning, With a Natural Language of Thought? 6.1 An Overview of the TalaMind Approach and Architecture 6.2 TalaMind’s Potential to Use and Support Qualitative Reasoning 6.3 Further Thoughts 7 Summary References Developing of Smart Technical Platforms Concerning National Economic Security 1 Introduction 2 Risks to Economic Security Associated with the Increasing Importance of Technology Platforms for National Information Spaces 3 Recommendations for the Development of Technological Platforms in Russia, Taking into Account the Requirements of Economic Security 4 Conclusions References Toward Working Definitions of Cognitive Processes Suitable for Design Specifications of BICA 1 Introduction 2 What is an Artificial Cognitive System 3 The Case of Biologically-Inspired Cognitive Systems 4 Conclusion and Perspectives References Intelligent System for Express Analysis of Electrophysical Characteristics of Nanocomposite Media 1 Introduction 2 Models and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Classification and Generation of Virtual Dancer Social Behaviors Based on Deep Learning in a Simple Virtual Environment Paradigm 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Implementation of the Virtual Partner Dance Paradigm 2.2 Virtual Actor Behavior Model 2.3 Teaching Neural Networks with eBICA to Control Virtual Actor Behavior 2.4 Development of the System Architecture 2.5 Implementation Details 2.6 Participants, Experimental Procedures and Data Collection 3 Preliminary Results 4 Discussion References Possibility of Benford’s Law Application for Diagnosing Inaccuracy of Financial Statements 1 Introduction 2 Analytical Part 2.1 Benford Distribution 2.2 Comparison of Companies 3 Conclusion References Artificial Intelligence Limitations: Blockchain Trust and Communication Transparency 1 Introduction. Transparency in AI-Sphere 2 Research 2.1 Cases of Transparency: Neural Network Non-linearity, Social Contract 2.2 Blockchain Transparency Advantage 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Application of the Multi-valued Logic Apparatus for Solving Diagnostic Problems 1 Introductıon 2 Formulation of the Problem 3 Solution Methods 4 Knoyledge System Modeling Algorithms 5 Program Description 6 Conclusion References Semantic Generalization Means Based on Knowledge Graphs 1 Introduction 2 Semantic Scaling 3 Technology 3.1 Semantic Enlargement 3.2 Semantic Generalization 4 Conclusion References Knowledge Graphs in Text Information Retrieval 1 Introduction 2 Semantic Image Model 3 Search on Knowledge Graphs 4 Examples 4.1 A Path Finding on a Knowledge Graph 4.2 Neighborhood Analysis 5 Conclusion References Digitalization of the Economy and Advanced Planning Technologies as a Way to Overcome the Economic Recession 1 Introduction 2 Business Planning 3 Principles of Decentralized Planning 4 Conclusion References Genetic-Memetic Relational Approach for Scheduling Problems 1 Introduction 2 Relational Representation of Schedules 2.1 Assignment Relations 2.2 Sequence Relations 2.3 Using Relations in Scheduling and Rescheduling 3 Schedule Optimization Algorithms 4 Application in Scheduling Robotic Systems 5 Conclusion References Multicriteria Optimization of a Hydraulic Lifting Manipulator by the Methods of Criteria Importance Theory 1 Introduction 2 The Manipulator Optimization Problem 3 Feasible Solutions Generation and Initial Analysis 4 Solving the Choice Problem by the CIT Methods 5 Conclusion References The Hexabot Robot: Kinematics and Robot Gait Selection 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Mechanism 3 Mechanism Kinematics 4 Gaits 5 Conclusion References On the Possibility of Using the Vibration Displacement Theory in the Analysis of Ship Accident Rate Using Artificial Intelligence Systems 1 Introduction 2 On the Effect and Theory of Vibration Displacement 3 Basic Provisions and Assumptions 4 An Approximate Estimation of the Critical Roll Angle 5 On the Behavior of the Load at Supercritical Values of the Angle of Inclination 6 Conclusion References Proposal and Evaluation of Deep Profit Sharing Method in a Mixed Reward and Penalty Environment 1 Introduction 2 Reward and Penalty Design Issues 3 Deep Exploitation-Oriented Learning that Handles Rewards and Penalties at the Same Time 4 Evaluation of Deep Exploitation-Oriented Learning 4.1 Experimental Environment 4.2 Use of Deep Profit Sharing 4.3 Action Selection Method 4.4 Experimental Method 4.5 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Generalized Structure of Active Speech Perception Based on Multiagent Intelligence 1 Introduction 2 A Brief Review for Model Representations of Speech Perception in Modern Psycholinguistics 3 Cognitive Architecture of the Process of Speech Perception Based on Multiagent Recursive Intelligence 4 Conclusion References Multiagent Neurocognitive Models of the Processes of Understanding the Natural Language Description of the Mission of Autonomous robots 1 Introduction 2 The Problem of the Natural Language Description of the Missions of Autonomous Robots 3 Synthesis of a Multi-agent Mission Model Based on Neurocognitive Architectures 4 Implementation 5 Conclusion References Exploring the Workspace of a Robot with Three Degrees of Freedom 1 Introduction 2 A Problem Statement 3 Model Design Description 4 Mechanism Kinematics 5 To Create the Mechanism Workspace with Three Degrees of Freedom 6 Conclusions References Digitalization as a New Paradigm of Economic Progress 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Analysis 2.1 The Development of Digitalization Creates the Potential for Economic Progress 2.2 Artificial Intelligence as a Safe and Profitable Direction of Digitalization 3 Results 3.1 Digitalization in the System of Economic Progress in Russia 3.2 Digitalization in the System of Economic Progress in Russia 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Artificial Intelligence Technology as an Economic Accelerator of Business Process 1 Introduction 2 Literature 3 Theoretical Foundations 3.1 The Conceptual Basis of the Accelerated Impact of AI on Business Process 3.2 AI Properties 4 Results 4.1 Strategy for the Introduction of AI Technology in Business Process 4.2 AI Technology and the Russian Economy 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References The Collaborative Nature of Artificial Intelligence as a New Trend in Economic Development 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Foundations 2.1 Collaborative Nature of AI: Theoretical Aspect 2.2 Collaborative Nature of AI: Theoretical Aspect 3 Results 3.1 The Impact of AI Collaboration on Business Processes and Economic Development in General 3.2 Collaborative AI Implementation Strategy 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Digital Technologies as a Process of Strategic Maneuvering in Economic Development 1 Introduction 2 Literature 3 Theoretical Foundations 3.1 Digital Technologies: Conceptual Analysis 3.2 Digital Business Needs More Than Just a Strategy, But Strategic Maneuvering 4 Results 4.1 Digital Technology Strategy in Russia 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Evaluation of fMRI Data at the Individual Level 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusion References The Impact of Internet Media on the Cognitive Attitudes of Individuals on the Example of RT and BBC 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Procedure 3 Data Analysis 3.1 Discussion References Applications of the Knowledge Base and Ontologies for the Process of Unification and Abstraction of the Information System Description 1 Introduction 2 System Description Translation Pipeline 3 Conclusions and Future Steps References Designing an Economic Cross as a Condition for the Formation of Technological Platforms of a Digital Society 1 Introduction 2 Assessment of the Economic Prospects for the Technological Formation of Industry 4.0 Based on “Smart” Technology Platforms 3 Conclusions References A Physical Structural Perspective of Intelligence 1 Approaches to A(G)I 2 Structures → Phenomena (S → P) 3 Biological Structures 3.1 Life: In Terms of S → P 3.2 Natural Intelligence: In Terms of S → P 3.3 SPSH (Compared to PSSH) 4 Biomimetics for AGI 4.1 Existing Structure-based Designs 4.2 Design Principles 5 Conclusions References One Possibility of a Neuro-Symbolic Integration 1 Introduction 2 The Concept and Methods 2.1 The Roadmap 3 Discussion References A Comparison of Two Variants of Memristive Plasticity for Solving the Classification Problem of Handwritten Digits Recognition 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Nanocomposite Memristor Plasticity 2.2 Model of Poly-p-xylylene Memristors 2.3 Network Model 2.4 Output Decoding 3 Experiments 4 Results 5 Discussion References Sentiment Analysis of Russian Reviews to Estimate the Usefulness of Drugs Using the Domain-Specific XLM-RoBERTa Model 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Dataset 4 Methods 4.1 XLM-RoBERTa-sag Approach 4.2 Other Language Models 4.3 Other Approaches 5 Experiments 6 Conclusion References Correlation Encoding of Input Data for Solving a Classification Task by a Spiking Neural Network with Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Input Encoding 2.2 Neuron and Synapse Model 2.3 Learning Algorithm 2.4 Output Decoding 2.5 Datasets 2.6 Input Preprocessing 3 Results 4 Conclusion References The Two-Stage Algorithm for Extraction of the Significant Pharmaceutical Named Entities and Their Relations in the Russian-Language Reviews on Medications on Base of the XLM-RoBERTa Language Model 1 Introduction 2 Data 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Proposed Approach 3.2 Language Model 3.3 Named Entity Recognition 3.4 Relation Extraction 4 Experiments 4.1 Experimental Setup 4.2 Evaluation Metrics 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Causal Cognitive Architecture 2: A Solution to the Binding Problem 1 Introduction 1.1 The Binding Problem 1.2 The Neural-Symbolic Gap 1.3 The Binding Problem and the Causal Cognitive Architecture 2 Functioning of the Causal Cognitive Architecture (CCA1) 2.1 Sensory Processing in the CCA1 2.2 Pre-Causal Cognitive Processing and Output 2.3 Causal Cognitive Processing and Output 2.4 Pre-Causal Mode CCA1 Simulation Example 2.5 Causal Mode CCA1 Simulation Example 3 The Evolution of the CCA2 from the CCA1 3.1 Problems Arising in Attempts to Enhance the CCA1 3.2 Elimination of the Sensory Vectors Binding Module and the Emergence of the CCA2 4 Mechanism of Sensory Binding in the CCA2 4.1 Multiple Objects in a Scene 4.2 Binding Sensory Features of a Sensory Scene to an Object 4.3 A Solution to the Binding Problem 5 Discussion References Fundamentals of a Multi-agent Planning and Logistics Model for Managing the Online industry’s Reproduction Cycle 1 Introduction 2 The Strategy for Managing the Development of the Electronic Industry and Instruments for Its Implementation 3 Scientific Foundations of Multi-agent Technology in the Real Sector of the Economy 4 Stages of Development and Construction of a Multi-agent Platform “Smart Electronics” 5 Conclusion References Automated Flow Meter for LPG Cylinders 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Practical Implementation 3.1 Technical Tasks for the Design Development 3.2 Calibration of the Flow Meter 4 Implementation Example 4.1 Inductance Meters 4.2 Temperature Meter with USB Output 5 Implementation of the Flow Meter 6 Conclusion References Construction of Statically Verified System Interacting with User in Question-Answer Mode According to the Specification Set by the Formula of Linear Temporal Logic 1 Introduction 2 Problem of Constructing a Statically Verified System According to the Specification 3 Related Works 4 Proposed Approach 5 Architecture of Solution 6 Implementation of Prototype 7 Conclusion References Comparison of ERP in Internal Speech (Meaningful and Non-existent Words) 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Data Processing 2.2 Procedure 2.3 Participants and Stimuli 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Digital Transformation of the Economy and Industrialization Based on Industry 4.0 as a Way to Leadership and High-Quality Economic Growth in the World After the Structural Economic Crisis 1 Introduction 2 World Economy Globalization Causes 3 Financialization and Limits of the World Economy Globalization 4 De-globolization and Digital Transformation as a Path to Leadership in the Global Economy 5 Prospects for Digitalization in Russia References The Use of the Economic Cross Model in Planning Sectoral Digitalisation 1 Introduction 2 Assessment of the Requests of the Russian Economy for the Digitalization of Its Individual Industries in the Context of the Analysis of the Events of the Covid-19 Pandemic 3 Assessment of the Economic Attractiveness of the Formation of the Digital Infrastructure of the Project of the State Corporation “Breakthrough” Based on the Model of the Economic Cross 4 Conclusions References Modeling the Economic Cross of Technological Platform for Sectoral Development in the Context of Digitalization 1 Introduction 2 Economic and Technological Features of the Economic Cross of the Industry Technology Platform 3 Modeling a Technological Platform for Interaction with the External Environment for the State Corporation Rosatom 4 Conclusions References Cooperative Multi-user Motor-Imagery BCI Based on the Riemannian Manifold and CSP Classifiers 1 Introduction 2 BCI Application in Neuroplasticity and Potentiation of the Sensorimotor Cortex of the Brain in Stroke Diseases 3 Result of Designing a Cooperative BCI for the Rehabilitation of Post-stroke Patients 4 Description of the Brain-Activity Conditions Classification Algorithms and Presentation of the Testing Results on the EEG Simulator 4.1 Description of the Brain-Activity Conditions Classification Algorithms and Methods Used in the Implemented BCI 4.2 Approbation of Classification Algorithms for BCI Using an EEG Emulator 5 Conclusion References Sentiment Analysis of Social Networks Messages 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Literature Review 3 Results of Linguistic Formula Experiments 4 Experiments with Shifters 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Smart Technologies in REM Production Economy in Russia 1 Introduction 2 Assessment of the Economic Prospects of the Eurasian REM Production 3 Assessment of the Economic Potential of Using Smart Technologies in the Design and Development of REM Production in Russia 4 Conclusions References fMRI Study of Brain Activity in Men and Women During Rhythm Reproduction and Measuring Short Time Intervals 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Development of the Intelligent Object Detection System on the Road for Self-driving Cars in Low Visibility Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Main Part 2.1 Canny Edge Detector 2.2 IoU 2.3 Classification 3 Conclusion References Application of Machine Learning for Solving Problems of Nuclear Power Plant Operation 1 Introduction 2 Digital Twins of Nuclear Power Plant Unit 3 Problems of Modern Dynamical Systems 4 Operational Tasks That Can Be Solved Using Machine Learning 5 Difficulties in Applying Machine Learning 6 Conclusion References The Architecture of Cognition as a Generalization of Adaptive Problem-Solving in Biological Systems 1 Introduction 2 Human-Centric Functional Modeling 3 The Functional Modeling Framework for Cognition 4 Intelligence, Procedural Computer Programs, and Pattern Detection 5 Implications 6 Conclusions References Cognitive System for Traversing the Possible Worlds with Individual Information Processes 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Authors' Works 1.2 Theoretical Ground Relative Work 2 Script Analysis 2.1 Agility Principle 2.2 Direct and Inverse Search Problem 2.3 Analysis by Prerequisites 3 Conclusion References Integrated Multi-task Agent Architecture with Affect-Like Guided Behavior 1 Introduction and Motivation 1.1 Reinforcement Learning 1.2 Proposed Enhancement Inspired by Human Cognitive Systems 2 Agent Architecture 2.1 Agent State 2.2 Affective System 2.3 Goal Model 2.4 Attentional Model 2.5 Affordance Model 2.6 Experiential Model 3 Evaluation 3.1 Stock Trading 3.2 Mini Go Game 4 Discussion and Future Work 5 Conclusion References The Control Algorithm of Compressor Equipment of Automobile Gas-Filling Compressor Stations with Fuzzy Logic Elements 1 Introduction 2 Improved Control Scheme of CNG Compressor Equipment 3 Improved Control Scheme of CNG Compressor Equipment 4 Conclusions References Author Index