Biological nitrogen fixation for the 21st century : proceedings of the 11th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, July 20-25, 1997

Front Matter....Pages i-xx Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Lipo-Chitooligosaccharides (LCO’s) as Growth Hormones....Pages 3-5 Front Matter....Pages 7-7 Progress in Nitrogenase-Related Research....Pages 9-10 Complex Structures of Nitrogenase....Pages 11-16 Chemical Models for the Function of Nitrogenase....Pages 17-22 Mapping the Catalytic Surface of A. vinelandii MoFe Protein by Site Specific Mutagenesis....Pages 23-26 Activation of Iron and Sulfur for Nitrogenase Metallocluster Formation....Pages 27-31 Biosynthesis of the Iron-Molybdenum and Iron-Vanadium Cofactors....Pages 33-38 Nucleotide Hydrolysis and Electron Transfer Reactions in Nitrogenase Catalysis....Pages 39-42 Structure of Klebsiella pneumoniae Nitrogenase....Pages 43-46 A. vinelandii Fe Protein: MgATP Induced Conformational Change and Reduction to an all Ferrous State....Pages 47-48 New Possibilities for Studying Mechanism of Nitrogenase Reaction with Photodonors of Electron....Pages 49-50 Requirement of NifX and Other Nif Proteins for in vitro Biosynthesis of the Iron-Molybdenum Cofactor of Nitrogenase....Pages 51-52 Stopped-Flow Infra-Red Spectroscopy of Functioning Nitrogenase....Pages 53-54 CO Binding to and Metal-Ion Valencies of the Femo-Cofactor in CO-Inhibited Nitrogenase....Pages 55-56 The Fe-Only Nitrogenase from Rhodobacter Capsulatus : 1. Catalytic and EPR-Spectroscopic Properties of the FeFe Protein....Pages 57-58 The Fe-Only Nitrogenase From Rhodobacter capsulatus : 2. The FeFe Protein Metal Centers Probed by EXAFS and Mössbauer Spectroscopy....Pages 59-60 The Nitrogen Cycle Sustained by Prokaryotes: Reversing Dinitrogen Fixation....Pages 61-66 Crystallographic Structures of Nitrite Reductase and its Substrate Bound Complex....Pages 67-68 Catalytic Reduction of Acetylene with Participation of Isolated FeMo-co from Azotobacter vinelandii in Non-Enzymatic Conditions....Pages 69-69 Polynuclear Iron and Molybdenum Complexes as Catalysts of Reduction of Nitrogenase Substrates....Pages 70-70 Front Matter....Pages 7-7 Electron Transfer Reactions within the Heterologous Clostridium pasteurianum Fe Protein - Azotobacter vinelandii MoFe Protein Nitrogenase Complex....Pages 71-71 Electron Transfer Reactions in Nitrogenase and the Role of MgATP Hydrolysis....Pages 72-72 Effect of Amino Acid Substitution at α192 SER and α277 ARG in the Azotobacter vinelandii Nitrogenase MoFe Protein....Pages 73-73 The P-Clusters of Azotobacter vinelandii Molybdenum Nitrogenase....Pages 74-74 Molecular Conformations of Nitrogenase Enzymes and Their Complexes in Solution....Pages 75-75 Inhibition of Iron-Molybdenum Cofactor Synthesis by L127Δ, an Altered form of Dinitrogenase Reductase....Pages 76-76 FDL Specifically Controls SoxS-Like Activation of NADPH: Ferredoxin Reductase in A. vinelandii ....Pages 77-77 Molecular Recognition in Nitrogenase Catalysis and Two Proton-Relay Pathways from P-Cluster to M-Center....Pages 78-79 Front Matter....Pages 81-81 Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation and Assimilation....Pages 83-86 Regulation of nif Gene Expression in Free Living Diazotrophs: Recent Advances....Pages 87-92 Heterocyst Differentiation and Nitrogen Fixation in Cyanobacteria....Pages 93-96 ADP-Ribosylation as a Regulatory Mechanism for Nitrogen Fixation....Pages 97-100 Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation Gene Expression in Rhizobia: An Overview....Pages 101-106 A New Role for NtrC: Control of Klebsiella pneumoniae nifL Activity....Pages 107-110 Regulatory Roles of the Structural Homologues P II and P z Proteins in Azospirillum brasilense ....Pages 111-114 Regulation of nif Gene Transcription in Methanococcus maripaludis ....Pages 115-116 Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation: Progress and Prospects 1997....Pages 117-118 Down-Regulation of the Rhizobium Ntr Regulatory System: A Mechanism to Uncouple Nitrogen Fixation and Assimilation in Bacteroids....Pages 119-120 The Rhizobium meliloti P II Protein Affects Alfalfa Nodule Development and Mobilisation of Fixed Nitrogen....Pages 121-122 Molecular Analysis of the glnB, amtB, glnD and glnA Genes in Azotobacter Vinelandii ....Pages 123-124 Front Matter....Pages 81-81 Characterization of Genes Involved in Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation and Ammonium Sensing in Acetobacter diazotrophicus , an Endophyte of Sugarcane....Pages 125-126 The Azospirillum brasilense amtB Gene is Responsible for Nitrogen Regulated Ammonium Uptake....Pages 127-128 Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation in Herbaspirillum seropedicae ....Pages 129-130 Posttranslational Regulation of NifA Activity by Ammonium: The N-Terminal Domain of Rhodobacter capsulatus NifA is Involved in Ammonium Control....Pages 131-132 Enhancing Nitrogen Fixation Gene Expression by Modifying the DNA-Binding Function of Rhizobium meliloti NifA....Pages 133-134 A Two-Component Regulatory System Ensures nifA Expression in Bradyrhizobium japonicum ....Pages 135-136 The Control of Azorhizobium caulinodans NifA Expression by Oxygen, Ammonia and by the HF-I Like Protein nrfA....Pages 137-138 Signal Transduction Involving Eukaryotic-Type Protein Phosphorylation in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120....Pages 139-140 NtcA-Mediated Nitrogen Control in Cyanobacteria....Pages 141-142 Characterization of Symbiotic Anabaena Isolated from Azolla Leaf Cavities....Pages 143-144 Metabolic Regulation of Nitrogenase: Regulation and Localization of DRAG (Dinitrogenase Reductase Activating Glycohydrolase)....Pages 145-146 Studies on the Electron Transport to Nitrogenase in Rhodobacter capsulatus ....Pages 147-148 The N-Terminally Bound FAD Cofactor of NifL is Required to Mediate the Response to Environmental Changes in Klebsiella pneumoniae ....Pages 149-149 Mechanism of Ammonia Release from nifL Interposon Mutants of Azotobacter vinelandii ....Pages 150-150 Duplication of a Transcriptional Regulator as a Mechanism for Genetic Control: NifAI and NifAII from Rhodobacter capsulatus Differ in Their Susceptibility to Ammonium Control....Pages 151-151 PCR Random Mutagenesis of draTG from Rhodospirillum rubrum and the Characterization of Some Mutants That Have Altered the Regulation of DRAT and DRAG Activities....Pages 152-152 Intramolecular Signal Transduction in Adenylyl Transferase May Coordinate the Opposing Activities of Two Distinct Domains....Pages 153-153 Changes in Distribution of Fixed Nitrogen by Timing the Ammonium Assimilation and the Overproduction of Nitrogenase in Rhizobium etli ....Pages 154-154 Complex Regulation of σ 54 Synthesis and Activity in Rhizobium etli ....Pages 155-155 Characterization of R. etli Mutants in the Purine-Thiamin Metabolism Suggest That 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide Ribonucleotide (AICAR) is a Negative Effector of Symbiotic Cytochrome Terminal Oxidase cbb3 Production....Pages 156-156 Front Matter....Pages 81-81 NifA Protein Controls the Expression of Hydrogenase Structural Genes in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae....Pages 157-157 Distinct Modes of Regulation in Two of the Three Chaperonin Operons of Rhizobium leguminosarum ....Pages 158-158 Enhanced Respiration and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in a Rhizobium tropici Glycogen Synthase Mutant....Pages 159-159 Characterization of Azorhizobium caulinodans glnB and glnZ Genes....Pages 160-160 Transcriptional Regulation of H 2 Oxidation by HoxA in Bradyrhizobium japonicum ....Pages 161-161 Kinetics of NH 4 + and NO 3 − Absorption and H + Fluxes in Ryegrass and N 2 -Fixing White Clover....Pages 162-162 Sequential Analysis of the NifA Gene Promoter Region of Azospirillum brasilense ....Pages 163-163 Evidence for a cbb3 -Type Cytochrome C Terminal Oxidase in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7....Pages 164-164 Acetobacter diazotrophicus : nifA -Like Gene and Characterization of a nif -Like Promoter....Pages 165-165 Identification and Characterisation of Genes Involved in the Ammonium Sensing Mechanism in Acetobacter diazotrophicus ....Pages 166-166 Purification and Characterization of the PII Protein from H. seropedicae ....Pages 167-167 Cloning of ntrBC Genes and Regulation of ntrC Expression of Alcaligenes faecalis ....Pages 168-168 A Second Region of DNA Involved in H 2 -Dependent Respiration in Azotobacter chroococcum ....Pages 169-169 Genetic Analysis and Regulatory Properties of a Second fnr/fixK -Like Gene and an Unusual fixL -Homologue in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae ....Pages 170-170 Expression of GlnB and Role of the P II Protein in Nitrogen Assimilation in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942....Pages 171-171 Characterization of the DnaK-J1-J2 Gene Region from the N 2 Fixing Cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413....Pages 172-172 Mutants of Gloeothece Impaired in Aerobic N 2 Fixation....Pages 173-173 The Appearance of Filament Anastomosis in Nostoc and Anabaena Strains....Pages 174-174 Haemagglutination Activity by Extracts of Symbiotic Bacteria Present in the System Azolla-Anabaena ....Pages 175-175 Expression of Mosquitocidal Bacillus Thuringiensis SUBSP. Israelensis δ-Endotoxin Genes in Filamentous Cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120....Pages 176-176 Front Matter....Pages 81-81 Luciferase as a Reporter Enzyme for Studying Nitrogen Metabolism in Rhodospirillum rubrum ....Pages 177-177 Over-Expression of Ferredoxin I in Rhodospirillum rubrum using the NifH Promoter....Pages 178-178 Expression and Preliminary Characterization of two Iron-Sulfur Components of a Complex Involved in Electron Transport to Nitrogenase in Rhodobacter capsulatus ....Pages 179-179 Comparative and Functional Study on Rhodobacter capsulatus rnf Gene Products and Their Homologs....Pages 180-180 Front Matter....Pages 181-181 Signalling Processes in Root Nodule Organogenesis: Introductory Remarks....Pages 183-184 Rhizobium Nod Factor Structure and the Phylogeny of Temperate Legumes....Pages 185-188 Nod Factor-Induced Cell Cycle Activation in Root Cortical Cells....Pages 189-192 Role of Exopolysaccharides in Nodule Invasion by Rhizobium meliloti ....Pages 193-198 Comparison of Nitrogen-Fixing Root Nodule Symbioses....Pages 199-201 Nitrogen-Fixing Endophytes: Recent Advances in the Association with Graminaceous Plants Grown in the Tropics....Pages 203-206 Interactions in the Rhizobium -Legume Symbiosis....Pages 207-208 Analysis of the Symbiotic Role of Proteins Secreted by Rhizobium leguminosarum Biovar Viciae ....Pages 209-210 Biosynthesis and Function of Extracellular Polysaccharides of Rhizobium leguminosarum ....Pages 211-212 Characterization of a High Affinity Binding Site for NodRm Factors in Medicago varia Cell Culture Extracts....Pages 213-214 Rhizobium Nodulation Signals Induce Calcium Changes and Actin Cytoskeleton Rearrangements in Plant Root Hair Cells....Pages 215-216 Cytoskeletal Differentiation during Root Nodule Organogenesis, as followed by Visualization of Intermediate Filaments....Pages 217-218 Cell Differentiation, Cytoskeletal Changes and Nod Factor Internalization are Correlated Events in Alfalfa Nodules....Pages 219-220 Actin Genes and Actin-Binding Proteins are Differentially Expressed in Roots and Root Nodules in Phaseolus vulgaris ....Pages 221-222 Classical and Novel Growth Regulators Acting during Nodule Initiation....Pages 223-224 Symbiotic Suppression of the Medicago sativa Plant Defence System by Rhizobium meliloti Oligosaccharides....Pages 225-226 Front Matter....Pages 181-181 Characterization of an Azorhizobial Mutant with Altered Surface Polysaccharides and Affected in Nodule Invasion....Pages 227-228 A Lectin-Like Glycoprotein PsNLEC-1 is Absent from Symbiosomes in the Symbiotically Defective Pea Mutant sym31 ....Pages 229-230 Small GTP-Binding Proteins in Lotus japonicus ....Pages 231-232 Nodule Specific Modulation of Glutamine Synthetase (GS) Gene Expression in Transgenic Legumes....Pages 233-234 Regulation of the Plant Aspartate Aminotransferase P 2 Gene During Nodule Development....Pages 235-236 The Rhizobium meliloti leuA Gene is Required for Flavonoid-Dependent Expression of Nod Genes....Pages 237-237 NodD2 in Multicopy Complements NodD1 Mutants of Rhizobium fredii for Nodulation of Soybean....Pages 238-238 Non nod Gene Expression in Rhizobia During Exposure to Aromatic Compounds....Pages 239-239 Flanovoids in Non-Nodulating Chickpea Lines....Pages 240-240 Study of the nodHPQ Operon in Rhizobium Tropici CIAT899....Pages 241-241 Characterization of the Nodulation Functions in Bradyrhizobium sp. WM9 ( Lupinus )....Pages 242-242 Bacteroid Forms of Agrobacterium Carrying Rhizobium pSym in Alfalfa Nodule....Pages 243-243 Autoinduction in Rhizobium etli ....Pages 244-244 Transfer of the Rhizobium tropici Nod Factor Sulphation Locus to Heterologous Rhizobia: Biochemical and Plant Phenotypic Analysis....Pages 245-245 The Rhizobium sp. BR816 NodD 3 Gene is Regulated by a Transcriptional Regulator of the AraC/XylS Family....Pages 246-246 Investigation of Unique Bacteriocin Encoding Loci from Rhizobium leguminosarum ....Pages 247-247 Are the Three Chaperonin Operons of Rhizobium leguminosarum Essential?....Pages 248-248 Characterization of a GroESL Homologue in Rhizobium sp. BR816: A Possible Role in the Host Range Extension of Various Rhizobium Strains to Leucaena leucocephala ....Pages 249-249 Structure—Function Relationship of Nod Factors Synthesized by Azorhizobium caulinodans ....Pages 250-250 The Role of Nod Factor Modifications for Nodulation on Afghan Peas....Pages 251-251 Front Matter....Pages 181-181 Structural Requirements for Uptake and Bioactivity of Rhizobium Chitolipooligosaccharides in Legume Roots as Revealed by Synthetic Analogs and Fluorescent Probes....Pages 252-252 Analysis of Early Events in Nod Factor Signalling in Root Hairs of Medicago ....Pages 253-253 Intracellular and Extracellular Calcium Changes in Plant Root Hair Cells Responding to Nodulation Signals....Pages 254-254 Lectin-Type Proteins of Medicago sativa Roots....Pages 255-255 Chitinase Gene Expression During Stem Nodulation on Sesbania rostrata ....Pages 256-256 Characterization of Chitinase Isoforms in Soybean Cultivars Differing in their Nodulation Potential....Pages 257-257 Cloning of a cDNA of the Dimer-Forming Nod Factor Hydrolase from Medicago : Root Specific Expression and Presence in Different Legumes....Pages 258-258 Genetic Organization of Nodulation Genes from Rhizobium sp. ( Oxytropis arctobia ) Strain N33 Isolated from the Canadian High Arctic....Pages 259-259 Structural Characterization and Biological Activity of the Lipochitooligosaccharidic Signals of Rhizobium huakuii ....Pages 260-260 What is the Role of ENOD40 in Nodulation?....Pages 261-261 Autoregulation of Nodulation in Vicia sativa ssp. nigra ....Pages 262-262 Bradyrhizobium elkanii Rhizobitoxine Mutants form Developmentally Arrested Nodules on Mungbean....Pages 263-263 Intermittent Exposures to NO 3 − or NH4 + have Very Different Effects on Nodulation in Pisum sativum L.....Pages 264-264 Crack Entry Invasion of Sesbania rostrata by Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 is Nod Gene-Independent....Pages 265-265 Effect of the Co-Inoculation of Plant-Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on the Ultrastructure of Common Bean Nodules....Pages 266-266 Characterization of High Nitrogen Fixing Central American Rhizobia Strains....Pages 267-267 Sequencing and Expression Analysis of the Sinorhizobium meliloti Locus eff-482 which was Identified by a Tn 5 Insertion Enhancing Symbiotic Effectiveness....Pages 268-268 Size Distribution of Succinoglycan (EPS I) Produced by Different Sinorhizobium meliloti ExoP Mutants and Analysis of their Symbiotic Properties....Pages 269-269 syrM is Involved in the Determination of the Amount and the Ratio of the Two forms of Exopolysaccharide EPSI in Rhizobium meliloti ....Pages 270-270 Front Matter....Pages 271-271 Flavonoids as Modulations of Extracellular Proteins and Exopolysaccharides of Rhizobium fredii ....Pages 181-181 Identification of Genes Regulated by RosR , a Nodulation Competitiveness Determinant in Rhizobium etli ....Pages 272-272 Comparative Ultrastructural Analysis of Alfalfa Nodules Induced by Rhizobium meliloti Effective and Ineffective Strains....Pages 273-273 Trapping of a Host Range Determinant Using Immunomolecular Biology....Pages 274-274 Cyclic β-Glycans Produced by B. japonicum May Suppress the Host Defense During Symbiosis with Soybean....Pages 275-275 Symbiosis and Defense-Related Responses in Trifolium repens Roots Challenged by Homologous and Heterologous Rhizobia....Pages 276-276 lpsB a Symbiotically Relevant Gene for R. meliloti is also Present and Functional in other Rhizobial Species....Pages 277-277 Functions of Peroxidase and Diamine Oxidase in Infection Thread Development during Pea Nodule Formation....Pages 278-278 Cytoskeleton and Intracellular Organisation of Infected Cells in Soybean Root Nodules....Pages 279-279 Symbiosome Development in Boron Deficient Legume Nodules....Pages 280-280 Tn5-Lux Induced Mutants of Rhizobium meliloti 242 Defective on Iron Acquisition from Heme-Compounds....Pages 281-281 Glycoproteins in the Peribacteroid Space of Root Nodules of Pea ( Pisum Sativum )....Pages 282-282 Origin of Proteins in the Different Compartments of Pea- Rhizobium Symbiosomes....Pages 283-283 Pleiotrophic Alterations in the Cellular Protein Synthesis of Tn5-Induced Rhizobium Mutants as Revealed by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis....Pages 284-284 Symbiotic Expression of Hydrogenase and Nitrogenase Activities of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Viciae are Controlled by FnrN....Pages 285-285 Analysis of the Rhizobium meliloti Baca Protein: Implications for Host-Microbe Interactions....Pages 286-286 gusA Derivatives for the Genetic Analysis of the Root Nodule Bacteria....Pages 287-287 Construction of a gfp Promoter-Probe Vector and its Application in the Study of Rhizobium fredii ....Pages 288-288 Heat Activated Glutamine Synthetase (GS) Activity in Bradyrhizobium japonicum 110....Pages 289-289 Localisation and Regulation of Cytosolic Glutamine Synthetase in Nodules of Medicago truncatula ....Pages 290-290 Front Matter....Pages 291-291 The Peribacteroid Membrane Ammonium Channel....Pages 181-181 Identification of an NH 4 + Transporter in the Symbiosome Membrane of Pea....Pages 292-292 Involvement of Rhizobium Bacteria in Regulation of the Plant L-Asparaginase Gene during Legume Nodule Development....Pages 293-293 Structure and Expression of Yellow Lupine Genes Encoding the PR10 Proteins....Pages 294-294 Effect of Nitrate on Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Acacia albida Del. (Syn. Faidherbia albida )....Pages 295-295 In Situ Expression of the R. meliloti C 4 -Dicarboxylate Transport Gene ( Dct A) During Symbiosis....Pages 296-296 Identification of a Novel NH 4 + Transporter from Soybean Root Nodules....Pages 297-297 The Bradyrhizobium japonicum LRP Gene Controls Uptake of ALA, a Heme Precursor....Pages 298-298 Selection of Fodder Galega ( Galega orientalis Lam.) for Increasing the Efficiency of Symbiosis....Pages 299-299 Immunolocalization of Intercellular Antigens in Lupinus albus Root Nodules Using a Polyclonal Antibody Raised Against Raspberry Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Protein....Pages 300-300 Gene Discovery in Legume Nodulation: From Soybean to Lotus japonicus ....Pages 301-301 Har1 , an Incomplete Dominant Mutation in Lotus japonicus , Confers Aberrant Root Development and an Unusual H yper n odulation R esponse (HNR)....Pages 303-304 Identification of Broad Bean Genes Induced in Root Nodules and Mycorrhizal Roots....Pages 305-306 Molecular Genetics of a Model Plant: Lupinus luteus ....Pages 307-308 Transient Auxin Transport Inhibition and Localised Flavonoid Induction Occur During the Earliest Stages of Nodulation in White Clover....Pages 309-310 Construction of an Improved Genetic Map of Diploid Alfalfa ( Medicago Sativa ) Using a Novel Linkage Analysis for Chromosomal Regions Exhibiting Extreme Distorted Segregation....Pages 311-312 Genetic Analysis of Medicago sativa Nodulation Genes....Pages 313-313 Genetic Analysis of Symbiosis Mutants in Medicago truncatula ....Pages 315-316 Antisense Suppression of Lectin Genes Causes a Plethora of Developmental Abnormalities in Alfalfa....Pages 317-318 Genetic Dissection of Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) Root Nodule Morphogenesis....Pages 319-320 Front Matter....Pages 321-322 Gene Tagging in Lotus japonicus Using the Maize Transposable Element AC....Pages 181-181 T-DNA Tagging of Symbiotic Plant Genes in Lotus japonicus ....Pages 323-323 A Lotus filicaulis X Lotus japonicus F2 Population for Genetic and Physical Mapping....Pages 324-324 Detection of Leghemoglobin Gene on the Chromosome of Phaseolus vulgaris by in situ Hybridization in Combination with in situ PCR....Pages 325-325 The Utilization of RAPD to Obtain Markers Linked with Nitrogen Fixation in Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris )....Pages 326-326 Different Methods for Plant Regeneration and Transformation of the Legume Galega orientalis ....Pages 327-327 Pea ( Pisum sativum L. ) Regeneration and Transformation Efficiency are Highly Dependent on Plant Genotype....Pages 328-328 Studies of Rhizobium - Legume Symbiosis by Micrografting: Example of Sesbania and Aeschynomene ....Pages 329-329 Reactivation of the Cell Division Cycle During Root Nodule Organogenesis....Pages 330-330 Effect of Plant Genotype on the Selection of Nodulating Rhizobium meliloti Strains....Pages 331-331 Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of FN 1 , a “Fix Minus Mutant” of Pea ( Pisum sativum L )....Pages 332-332 Sym 31, a Mutation Affecting Protein and Vesicle Targetting in Pea Nodule Symbiosomes....Pages 333-333 Early Nodulin Expression During Spontaneous Nodulating in Alfalfa....Pages 334-334 ENOD40 Gene in L. japonicus . Are the Two Different ENOD40 Genes Differentially Expressed?....Pages 335-335 Characterization of MtN6 , A New Medicago Truncatula Early Nodulin Gene....Pages 336-336 Early Gene Expression During Stem Nodule Formation on Sesbania Rostrata ....Pages 337-337 Nodule Specific Novel Genes Induced by Infection of Rhizobium Huakuii bv. Renge in Astragalus Sinicus (Chinese Milk Vetch)....Pages 338-338 Identification of a Nitrate Tolerant Supernodulating Mutant in Lotus japonicus ....Pages 339-339 Identification of Novel Putative Regulatory Genes Induced During Nodule Development in Medicago ....Pages 340-340 The Probable Role of a New Parenchyma Nodulin from the Symbiotic System Phaseolus-Rhizobium ....Pages 341-341 Front Matter....Pages 342-342 Isolation of Two Transcript Sequences of Different Sizes Encoding Modular Nodulins of Vicia hirsuta : Expression Properties and Analysis of Transgenic Nodules Containing Antisense Constructs....Pages 181-181 Progress on the Regulation and Function of Enod8, an Early Nodulin Gene from Medicago that May Encode a Lipolytic Enzyme....Pages 343-343 Study of Pea ( Pisum Sativum L.) Symbiotic Gene Interactions Using a Panel of Lines Carrying Two Fix − Mutations and a Comparative Study of Their Nodule Ultrastructure....Pages 344-344 Expression of Two Uricase Genes and the Promoter Analysis Using Transgenic Hairy Roots....Pages 345-345 Can We Use M. Truncatula R108-1 Line in Combination with Jemalong to Study the Plant-Microbe Interaction?....Pages 346-346 Genetic Regulation of Ammonium Transport in Tomato Roots....Pages 347-347 Assimilation of Symbiotically-Reduced Nitrogen in Tropical Legumes: Regulation of Induction of de novo Purine Biosynthesis and Peroxisome Proliferation Leading to Ureide Production....Pages 348-348 The ENBP1 Transcription Factor Interacts with an Important CIS -Element in the PsENOD12B Promoter....Pages 349-349 Characterization of a 5′-Nucleotidase cDNA from Root Nodules of Glycine max ....Pages 350-350 Convener comments. Actinorhizal symbiosis....Pages 351-351 Distribution of Frankia spp. in Soil and their Hopanoid Contents....Pages 353-354 Oxygen Relations in Frankia and in Actinorhizal Nodules....Pages 355-356 Casuarina-Frankia Symbiosis: Molecular Studies of the Host Plant....Pages 357-358 Characterization of an Effective Frankia Isolate from Nodules of Discaria trinervis ....Pages 359-360 P Alters N Effects on Nodulation in Alnus incana and Trifolium pratense ....Pages 361-362 Root Nodule Initiation and Development in Discaria trinervis Frankia - Symbiosis....Pages 363-364 Immunogold Localization of Hydrogenase in Frankia Strains....Pages 365-365 Deoxyribonuclease DNase Activities of Frankia Strain R43....Pages 366-366 Does Carbon Availability Affect the Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation?....Pages 367-367 Genetic Characterization of a New Group of Nitrogen-Fixing Actinobacteria....Pages 368-368 Front Matter....Pages 369-369 PCR-RFLP, Freezing and Internet are Significant Resources for Maintaining Frankia Biodiversity in Culture Collections....Pages 181-181 Frankia Inoculant Technology....Pages 370-370 Biodiversity of Rhizobium sp Strains Isolated from Acacia Species in South of Morocco....Pages 371-371 Root Associated Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in Retrospective and Perspective....Pages 372-372 Azospirillum -Plant Root Associations: Genetics of IAA Biosynthesis and Plant Cell Wall Degradation....Pages 373-374 Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation and Expression of nif- Genes in Rice by Azoarcus sp. BH72....Pages 375-376 Use of Molecular Methods for Identification and in situ Studies of Diazotrophic Plant Colonizing Bacteria....Pages 377-378 Maize Colonization by Acetobacter diazotrophicus ....Pages 379-380 Studies on Acetobacter diazotrophicus : Analysis of Nif and Related Genes and Contributions to Sugarcane Nutrition....Pages 381-382 Evidence for a Physiological Role of IAA in Azospirillum brasilense Sp245....Pages 383-384 Flagellation in Variant and Wild Type Forms of Azospirillum lipoferum 4B, a Bacterium Isolated from Rice Rhizosphere....Pages 385-385 Cloning and Characterization of pelI, bglA and bglB Genes Encoding Pectate Lyase and β-Glucosidase Activities in Azospirillum irakense ....Pages 386-386 Induction of Lateral Flagella in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 ....Pages 387-387 Identification of the Structural Gene of A Periplasmic Nitrate Reductase of Azospirillum brasilense Sp245....Pages 388-388 Osmoregulated Periplasmic Glucans of Azospirillum brasilense ....Pages 389-389 Influence of the Plasmid Content on the Lipopolysaccharide Antigens of Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 and Sp7....Pages 390-390 The Influence of Lectins from Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 and Azospirillum lipoferum 59b on the Activity of Plant β-Glucosidase....Pages 391-391 Chitooligosaccharide-Backboned Residues on Cell Surface of Azospirillum lipoferum Specifically Communicate with Lectin of Wheat....Pages 392-392 Protonmotive Force and Membrane Potential in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7-S....Pages 393-393 Colonisation of Wheat Roots by Azospirillum Brasilense Wild Type and by Mutant Strains Impaired in Flocculation and Motility....Pages 394-394 Front Matter....Pages 395-395 Associative Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria: Colonization of the Roots and Efficacy on Non-Legumes Plants....Pages 181-181 Nitrogen Fixation under Cereals Inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense Strain and Fertilized with Different Doses of Mineral Nitrogen....Pages 396-396 Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1/Maize Association: Promoting Effect Begins from the Very Early Plant Development Stage....Pages 397-397 Effect of Combined Inoculation of White Clover with Gus -Marked and Wild Strains of Rhizobium and Azospirillum on Nodulation and Root Colonization....Pages 398-398 The Role of Flavonoids in the Oryza -Diazotroph Interaction....Pages 399-399 Nitrogen Fertilization Has an Inhibitory Effect on Colonization of Sugarcane by Acetobacter diazotrophicus ....Pages 400-400 Analysis of Endophytic Diazotrophic Bacteria in the C 4 -Plant Miscanthus ....Pages 401-401 Expression of the Azoarcus sp. BH72 Nifhdk Operon: Evidence for Endophytic Nitrogen Fixation....Pages 402-402 Identification and Characterization of the Terminal Oxidases of Azoarcus sp. BH72....Pages 403-403 Identification and Molecular Analysis of Multiple glnB Homologues in Azoarcus sp. BH72....Pages 404-404 Colonization of Wheat by Azoarcus sp. and Interaction with Other Diazotrophs....Pages 405-405 Does Azoarcus sp. Fix Nitrogen with Monocots?....Pages 406-406 Diazotrophs and Their Activity in Maize and Wheat....Pages 407-407 Studies on the Responses of Rice Roots to Rhizobial Strains....Pages 408-408 Establishment of an Association Between N2- Fixing Endophitic Bacteria and Zea mays ....Pages 409-409 Localization of Burkholderia brasilensis sp. Nov. in the Rhizosphere of Rice Root System....Pages 410-410 The Potential of Extending of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation to Naturally Non-Nodulated Plants....Pages 411-411 Barley Yield Increase after Inoculation with Rhizosphere Nitrogen Fixing Consortium Klebsiella terrigena + Bacillus firmus ....Pages 412-412 Field Testing of Azotobacter Chroococcum Effectiveness in Sugar Beet....Pages 413-413 Mixed Inocula of N 2 -Fixing Bacteria on Summer Cereals: Utilisation of the gus Reporter System to Follow the Bacterial Plant Colonisation....Pages 414-414 Front Matter....Pages 415-415 Influence of Cereal Fungicide Seed Dressings on Soil Microflora....Pages 181-181 Effect of Azotobacterin and Trichodermin upon Sugar Beet....Pages 416-416 Potential Use of Acetobacter diazotrophicus Containing the cry3A Gene as a Control Agent of Coleopteran Insects....Pages 417-417 Characterization of Different Polyclonal Antisera to Quantify Herbaspirillum spp. in Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schun.)....Pages 418-418 Diazotrophic Mixed Cultures of Azospirillum and Bacillus Species Using Pectin or Rice Plantlets as Substrates....Pages 419-419 The Use of nifH-lacZ Fusions in Detecting Oxygen Conditions Suitable for Nitrogen Fixation in Associations Between Azospirillum spp. and Wheat....Pages 420-420 Isolation and Characterization of Sugarcane Genes Involved in the Association with Endophytic Diazotrophs....Pages 421-421 A New Acid-Tolerant Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in Association with Barley- Hordeum sativum and Elymus arenarius ....Pages 422-422 Approach to Explore Possible Signal Transduction Components for Root No