Biological monitoring of toxic metals: Proc. of a conf., organized jointly by the Univ. of Rochester. Div. of toxicology a. the Sci. comm. on the toxicology of metals, on the sci. basis a. practical applications of biol. monitoring of toxic etals, held Ju

This document is the result of a conference on "Biological Monitoring of Metals" held in Rochester, June 2-6, 1986, organized jointly by the Environmental Health Sciences Center of the School of Medicine and Dentistry of the University of Rochester, NY, and the Scientific Committee on the Toxicology of Metals within the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH) at the Karolinska Institute and the National (Swedish) Institute of Environmental Medicine and the University of Umea, Sweden. The aim of the Conference was to define and evaluate the scientific basis for the biological monitoring of metals. The conference was co-sponsored by the World Health Organization through its International Program on Chemical Safety and received substantial encouragement and support from the Swedish Work Environmental Fund and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. This was the second conference organized jointly by the Scientific Committee on the Toxicology of Metals and The Toxicology Division of the University of Rochester. The previous joint conference was held in 1982 on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Metals. In addition, conferences have been organized by each group (see Appendices A and B). Several of these conferences are specially relevant to the topic of the current conference. These include the joint conference mentioned above and the conferences on dose-effect and dose-response relationship held in Tokyo in 1974 and on accumulation of metals held in Buenos Aires in 1972. Front Matter....Pages i-xi Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals - Overview....Pages 1-71 Biological Monitoring....Pages 75-83 The Need and Feasibility of Environmental and Biological Monitoring in Occupational Health....Pages 85-101 Quality Assurance....Pages 103-126 Overview of Models Used in Biological Monitoring....Pages 127-147 Biological Monitoring of Cadmium....Pages 151-168 Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Inorganic Lead....Pages 169-197 Mercury....Pages 199-246 The Prediction Of Intake Of Mercury Vapor from Amalgams....Pages 247-264 Nickel....Pages 265-282 Manganese....Pages 283-301 Arsenic....Pages 303-321 Biological Monitoring of Aluminum....Pages 323-336 Biological Monitoring of Antimony....Pages 337-367 Chromium....Pages 369-382 Selenium....Pages 383-405 Biological Monitoring of Cobalt....Pages 407-417 Biological Monitoring of Tin....Pages 419-425 Biological Monitoring of Vanadium....Pages 427-436 Metals and Semi-Metals in the Semiconductor Device Technologies....Pages 439-454 Toxicology of the Group III–V Intermetallic Semiconductor, Gallium Arsenide....Pages 455-468 Mechanisms of Indium, Thallium, and Arsine Gas Toxicity: Relationships to Biological Indicators of Cell Injury....Pages 469-478 Analytical Methods and Quality Control for Trace Metal Determinations: A Critical Review of the State of the Art....Pages 481-497 In Vivo Monitoring of Toxic Metals: Assessment of Neutron Activation and X-Ray Fluorescence Techniques....Pages 499-511 Biological Monitoring of Urine for Exposure to Toxic Metals....Pages 515-529 Histological and Urinalysis Assessment of Nephrotoxicity Induced by Mercuric Chloride in Normal and Uninephrectomized Rats....Pages 531-545 The Use of Blood in the Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals....Pages 547-565 Biological Monitoring of the Human Placenta....Pages 567-602 The Toxicological Importance of Lead in Bone: The Evolution and Potential Uses of Bone Lead Measurements by X-Ray Fluorescence to Evaluate Treatment Outcomes in Moderately Lead Toxic Children....Pages 603-621 Hair and Nails: Advantages and Pitfalls when used in Biological Monitoring....Pages 623-640 Biological Media - Their Advantages and Pitfalls when used in Biological Monitoring - Feces....Pages 641-648 Practical Problems of Collecting Samples of Biological Media in Developing Countries....Pages 649-659 Back Matter....Pages 661-686 Proceedings of a meeting of the Rochester Conference and Scientific Committee on the Scientific Basis and Practical Applications of Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals held in Rochester, New York, June 2-5, 1986