Biological Control of Plant-parasitic Nematodes Soil Ecosystem Management in Sustainable Agriculture

Fully revised with new content and full-colour figures throughout, the second edition of this successful book contains expanded content for all sections, particularly those covering the impact of climate change, seasonal management, mechanisation and organic management options. There is a new vine balance section, as well as significant updates to rootstocks and grafting. It includes information on wine grapes in addition to grapes for fresh consumption and raisin production. Covering a broad range of topics from grapevine growth and fruit development, to vineyard establishment, mechanisation and postharvest processing, this book provides historical and current information about the grape industry and sets out the theory and science behind production practices. It is an invaluable resource for grape producers, horticulture and plant science students, as well as enthusiasts of the vine and its products. - publisher's website. Read more... Abstract: Fully revised with new content and full-colour figures throughout, the second edition of this successful book contains expanded content for all sections, particularly those covering the impact of climate change, seasonal management, mechanisation and organic management options. There is a new vine balance section, as well as significant updates to rootstocks and grafting. It includes information on wine grapes in addition to grapes for fresh consumption and raisin production. Covering a broad range of topics from grapevine growth and fruit development, to vineyard establishment, mechanisation and postharvest processing, this book provides historical and current information about the grape industry and sets out the theory and science behind production practices. It is an invaluable resource for grape producers, horticulture and plant science students, as well as enthusiasts of the vine and its products. - publisher's website Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title 4 Copyright 5 Contents 6 FOREWORD 12 PREFACE 13 PREFACE TO THE EDITION 15 1 History, Uses and Production 18 Geographical Origins of Grapevine Species 18 Family, Genus, Species and Related Plants 19 Natural Growth Conditions 22 Historical Cultivation 23 Uses 23 Fermented grape products 24 Table grapes 24 Raisins 26 Grape juice 26 Grape-Producing Countries 28 2 Cultivars, Anatomy and Improvement 31 Main Cultivars for Various Uses 31 Clones 34 Anatomy and Physiology 37 Roots 37 Mycorrhizae 39 Above the soil 40 Photosynthesis 43 Flowers and berries 45 Ampelography 46 Breeding and Genetics 47 Indicators of Quality 49 3 Grapevine Growth and Fruit Development 51 Phenology 51 Vine (Vegetative) Development 58 Patterns of root growth 58 Tendrils 59 Cane maturation 59 Leaf-fall and abscission 60 Dormancy 61 Flower Initiation, Fruit Development and Berry Maturation 62 Where do tendrils and flower clusters come from? 62 Factors affecting branching 63 Plant growth regulators 64 Flower development and anthesis 65 Fruit set 66 Berry development and maturation 71 Environmental/Climatic Influences 89 Trying to quantify climate 90 The Vine as a Perennial Plant (Carbohydrate Partitioning) 92 Balancing vegetative and reproductive growth 93 4 Climatic Requirements 95 Cold Hardiness 95 Growing Vines in Tropical Areas 101 Frost Tolerance 102 Heat and Light 102 Water Use 104 Soils 105 Terroir 106 Climate Change 107 5 Vineyard Establishment 110 Site Selection 110 Climate 111 Soil 112 Slope and aspect of land 115 Other factors 116 Site Planning 117 Preparing the site 118 Shelter from wind 120 Vine planting density 121 Rootstocks 124 Rootstock choice 126 Propagation 126 Layering 128 Cuttings 129 Grafting 129 Other methods 131 Planting 133 Vine Establishment 135 Vine shelters 137 Young vine care 138 Second season 141 6 Seasonal Management 144 Pruning and Training 144 Vine balance at pruning 145 Types of pruning 149 Pruning decisions 152 Matching pruning to vine capacity 155 Other considerations when pruning 157 Training and Trellising 160 Self- or stake-supported 161 Single wire 161 Hedge-type 163 Divided canopies 165 Other trellising systems 168 End assemblies 170 Intermediates 174 Post materials 174 Wires 177 Vineyard Floor Management 178 Frost Management 182 Types of frost events 183 Passive control strategies 184 Active control strategies 185 Other methods 188 Canopy Management 189 Goals and tools for canopy management 190 Shoot thinning and lateral removal 191 Shoot positioning 192 Shoot topping and hedging 195 Leaf removal 195 Other methods 197 Things to avoid 198 Quantifying change in the canopy 200 Irrigation 202 Methods of monitoring soil moisture 204 Methods of monitoring plant water status 208 Scheduling water application 210 Other Management Practices 211 Girdling 211 Fruit thinning 213 Flower cluster thinning 213 Cluster thinning 214 Berry thinning 214 Application of plant growth regulators 215 Vine/crop protection 215 Harvest 215 7 Nutrition 220 Nutrient Analysis and Correction Strategies 221 Testing and nutrient addition 221 The Nutrients 223 Macronutrients 223 Micronutrients 227 8 Mechanization 233 Weed Management 236 Canopy Management 239 Crop Management and Harvesting 240 Pruning 243 Environmental Monitoring 244 9 Grapevine Pests, Diseases and Disorders 246 Diseases 248 Fungal diseases 248 Bacterial diseases 277 Viral diseases 280 Control of Grape Diseases 282 Control of fungal diseases 283 Control of viral diseases 284 Other Disorders 285 Insect Pests 287 Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) 287 Leafhoppers 291 Borer insects 293 Mealybugs 293 Moths 293 Thrips 295 Beetles 296 Mites 297 Chemical control 297 Animal Pests 299 Nematodes 299 Vine-grazing pests 300 Berry-eating pests 300 Weeds 303 Pesticide Resistance 305 Pesticide chemical classification 306 Pest and Disease Control in Organic Grape Production 307 Pesticide Application 308 Maximizing spraying efficiency 309 Pesticide application equipment 312 10 Harvest and Postharvest Processing 314 Table Grapes 314 Quality parameters 315 Picking 316 Packing 316 Cooling at the packing house 318 Storage 319 Dried Grapes 320 Cultivars 320 Harvest and drying 321 Processing 324 Juice/Preserves 325 Uses 326 Processing 327 Wine 328 Harvest 328 Processing 329 Other Wine Styles 333 References 336 Index 392 A 392 B 393 C 394 D 397 E 398 F 398 G 399 H 400 I 400 J 401 K 401 L 401 M 402 N 403 O 403 P 404 Q 406 R 407 S 408 T 410 U 411 V 411 W 412 X 413 Y 413 Z 413 ""'Creasy and Creasy is the 'go to' reference on my bookshelf when I am searching for thoughts on current production systems. Given the authors' experience, there is good awareness of viticultural practices in different climate zones... I trust readers will find as much benefit and enjoyment with this updated volume as I found with the first."' Dr. Richard Smart, 'the flying vine-doctor', Cornwall, UK Fully revised with new content and full-colour figures throughout, the second edition of this successful book contains expanded content for all sections, particularly those covering the impact of climate change, seasonal management, mechanisation and organic management options. There is a new vine balance section, as well as significant updates to rootstocks and grafting. It includes information on wine grapes in addition to grapes for fresh consumption and raisin production. Covering a broad range of topics from grapevine growth and fruit development, to vineyard establishment, mechanisation and postharvest processing, this book provides historical and current information about the grape industry and sets out the theory and science behind production practices. It is an invaluable resource for grape producers, horticulture and plant science students, as well as enthusiasts of the vine and its products. Fully updated with new content and full-color figures throughout, the second edition of this successful book reflects the impact of climate change and seasonal management, the expansion of production into new areas, and changing methods of grape production (including organic options). It includes information on wine grapes in addition to grapes for fresh consumption and raisin production. This full colour second edition reflects the impact of climate change and seasonal management, expansion of production to new areas, and changing methods of grape production. It includes information on wine, raisin and fresh grapes, covering topics such as growth, fruit development, vineyard establishment, mechanisation and postharvest processing. Grapes are being produced in many places where it was not considered possible before, largely due to advances in understanding how the vine works, as well as improvements in technology and management skills. This book covers a broad range of topics from vineyard establishment and management to post harvest handling and pest control This second edition contains ten chapters dealing with grapevine history, uses and production; cultivars, anatomy and improvement; growth and fruit development; climatic requirements; vineyard establishment; seasonal management; nutrition; mechanization; pests, diseases and disorders; and harvest and postharvest processing