Biological Control of Plant Diseases : Progress and Challenges for the Future

The papers contained in this book were presented at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) held at Cape Sounion, Athens, Greece, 19-24 May, 1991. The twenty-eight more comprehensive papers represent the key subjects of the ARW covered by invited speakers. The thirty-four short papers pre­ sented in a research format are contributions of those invited to participate in the ARW. There was a total of 70 participants from 21 countries. The objectives of the ARW were as follows: to review current knowledge of biological control of plant diseases and plant parasitic nematodes, with emphasis on mechanisms at the molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecosystem level; to examine and expand on current concepts and synthesize new concepts; to identify and prioritize limitations in the use of biological control for plant diseases and nematodes and the scientific research needed to overcome these limitations; and to develop strategies for biological control through management of resident agents or introduction of natural or modified agents. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Selective Elimination of Soilborne Plant Pathogens and Enhancement of Antagonists by Steaming, Sublethal Fumigation and Soil Solarization....Pages 1-15 Biological Control of Plant Parasitic Nematodes....Pages 17-20 Prospects for Management of Natural Suppresiveness to Control Soilborne Pathogens....Pages 21-34 Use of Agricultural and Municipal Organic Wastes to Develop Suppressiveness to Plant Pathogens....Pages 35-42 Leaf and Blossom Epiphytes and Endophytes as Biological Control Agents....Pages 43-54 The Weakening Effect as a Trigger for Biological Control and Criteria for Its Evaluation....Pages 55-61 Integrated Control of Verticillium Wilt of Cotton by Soil Solarization and Tolerant Cultivars....Pages 63-67 Evaluation of Soil Solarization for the Control of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato....Pages 69-73 Evaluation of Soil Solarization Singly or in Combination with Fungal or Bacterial Biocontrol Agents to Control Fusarium Wilt of Carnation....Pages 75-78 Biological Control of Soilborne Plant Pathogens by Suppressive Compost....Pages 79-83 Preliminary Studies on Biological Control of Potato Common Scab Caused by Streptomyces Sp.....Pages 85-93 New Information about Take-All Decline and Its Relevance to Research on the Control of Take-All by Biological Control Agents....Pages 95-98 Competition for Carbon in Soil and Rhizosphere, a Mechanism Involved in Biological Control of Fusarium Wilts....Pages 99-104 Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt of Carnation....Pages 105-108 Biological Control of Botrytis Cinerea ....Pages 109-111 Control of Rhizoctonia Sheath Blight and Other Diseases of Rice by Seed Bacterization....Pages 113-123 Control of Botrytis Rot of Grapes and Vegetables with Trichoderma Spp.....Pages 125-132 Future Alternatives to Synthetic Fungicides for the Control of Postharvest Diseases....Pages 133-138 Key Factors in the Development of Fungal Agents for the Control of Cyst and Root-Knot Nematodes....Pages 139-144 Biological Control of Damping-Off Diseases with Seed Treatments....Pages 145-156 Modes of Action of Mycoparasites in Relation to Biocontrol of Soilborne Plant Pathogens....Pages 157-167 Ice − Strains of Pseudomonas Syringae Introduced to Control Ice Nucleation Active Strains on Potato....Pages 169-174 Biological Control of Root Diseases with Pseudomonads....Pages 175-184 Rhizosphere Population Dynamics and Internal Colonization of Cucumber by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria which Induce Systemic Resistance to Colletotrichum Orbiculare ....Pages 185-191 Trichoderma Species Against Gummosis Disease in Lemon Trees....Pages 193-196 Biocontrol of Sugarbeet Damping-off with Chaetomium Globosum : Promises and Questions....Pages 197-201 The Use of Pythium Periplocum to Control Damping-Off of Cucumber Seedlings Caused by Pythium Aphanidermatum ....Pages 203-206 Mycostop Biofungicide — Present Status....Pages 207-210 A Customized Approach to Biological Control of Wheat Root Diseases....Pages 211-222 Biological Control of Selected Soilborne Plant Pathogens with Gliocladium and Trichoderma ....Pages 223-230 Biological Control of Diseases of Crops Grown in Covered and Environmentally Controlled Structures....Pages 231-241 Biological Control of Sclerotium Rolfsii Root Rot of Sugarbeet with Trichoderma Harzianum ....Pages 243-247 Studies on Minimedusa Polyspora , a Biological Control Agent of Soilborne Plant Pathogens....Pages 249-253 The Use of Trichoderma Spp. to Control Soilborne Plant Pathogens in Egypt....Pages 255-258 Bacterial Isolates from Citrus and Pear Microflora Antagonistic to Ice Nucleation Active Pseudomonas Syringae PV. Syringae Strains....Pages 259-265 Biological Control of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum and Botrytis Spp.....Pages 267-271 Novel Management Strategies for Plant Parasitic Nematodes....Pages 273-276 Improvement of Trichoderma and Gliocladium by Genetic Manipulation....Pages 277-286 Do We Really Understand Crown Gall Control by Agrobacterium Radiobacter Strain K84?....Pages 287-293 Induced Resistance Using Pathogens and Nonpathogens....Pages 295-303 The Genetic Mechanism of Hypovirulence in Cryphonectria ( Endothia ) Parasitica ....Pages 305-316 Biological Control of Root Rot Diseases of Peas....Pages 317-320 Induction and Molecular Analyses of Resistance to Barley Powdery Mildew....Pages 321-326 Energy Stress in Relation to Germinability and Virulence of Root Infecting Fungi....Pages 327-330 Effect of Chitinase Encoding Genes in Biocontrol Pseudomonas Spp.....Pages 331-333 Integration of Chitin-Degrading Microbes into Biological Control System for Fusarium Wilt of Strawberry....Pages 335-339 Induced Plant Resistance in Vascular-Wilt Biocontrol....Pages 341-344 Characterization of Mutants of Trichoderma Harzianum with Altered Antibiotic Production Characteristics....Pages 345-351 Bacterial Metabolism of Propagule Germination Stimulants as an Important Trait in the Biocontrol of Pythium Seed Infections....Pages 353-357 The Use of Host Resistance to Control Fusarium Wilt of Kabuli Chickpeas....Pages 359-362 Siderophores and Ferric-Siderophore Receptors of Plant Crowth-Promoting Fluorescent Pseudomonads....Pages 363-365 Quality Criteria for a Biopesticide Based on Trichoderma Harzianum ....Pages 367-370 Risks of Releasing Wild-Type and Genetically Engineered Biocontrol Organisms into the Ecosystem....Pages 371-379 Biocontrol Product Fermentation, Formulation and Marketing....Pages 381-387 Environmental Implications of the Release of Biocontrol Agents....Pages 389-397 Systems for Efficient Delivery of Microbial Biocontrol Agents to Soil....Pages 399-406 The Ecology of Genetically Altered Bacteria in the Rhizosphere....Pages 407-413 Biological Control of Fusarium Wilts with Nonpathogenic Fusaria....Pages 415-426 A Method to Screen Trichoderma Isolates Against Soil Sclerotial Fungi and Armillaria Root Rot....Pages 427-430 Biological Control of Apple Crown Rot and Replant Disease....Pages 431-435 Use of Mycoparasites for Biological Control of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum in the Glasshouse....Pages 437-441 Effectiveness of Acremonium Alternatum and Glycerol Against Cucumber Powdery Mildew ( Sphaerotheca Fuliginea )....Pages 443-446 Back Matter....Pages 447-462