[Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering] Biophysical Regulation of Vascular Differentiation and Assembly ||

Because of their ability to differentiate and develop into functional vasculature, stem cells hold tremendous promise for therapeutic applications. However, the scientific understanding and the ability to engineer these cellular systems is still in its early stages, and must advance significantly for the therapeutic potential of stem cells to be realized. Stem cell differentiation and function are exquisitely tuned by their microenvironment. This book will provide a unique perspective of how different aspect of the vasculature microenvironment regulates differentiation and assembly. Recent efforts to exploits modern engineering techniques to study and manipulate various biophysical cues will be described including: oxygen tension during adult and embryonic vasculogenesis (Semenza and Zandstra), extracellular matrix during tube morphogenesis and angiogenesis (Wirtz, Davis, Ingber), surface topography and modification (Chen and Gerecht), shear stress and cyclic strain effect on vascular assembly and maturation (Vunjak-Novakovic and Niklason), and three dimensional space for angio-andvasculogensis (Ferreria and Fischbach). The ability to grow stem cells in the laboratory and to guide their maturation to functional cells allows us to study the underlying mechanisms that govern vasculature differentiation and assembly in health and disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that early stages of vascular growth are exquisitely tuned by biophysical cues from the microenvironment, yet the scientific understanding of such cellular environments is still in its infancy. Comprehending these processes sufficiently to manipulate them would pave the way to controlling blood vessel growth in therapeutic applications. This book assembles the works and views of experts from various disciplines to provide a unique perspective on how different aspects of its microenvironment regulate the differentiation and assembly of the vasculature. In particular, it describes recent efforts to exploit modern engineering techniques to study and manipulate various biophysical cues. Biophysical Regulation of Vascular Differentiation and Assembly provides an interdisciplinary view of vasculature regulation by various biophysical cues and presents recent advances in measuring and controlling such parameters. This book will be of interest to biologists, biophysicists and engineers who work with vascular differentiation and assembly Biophysical Regulation of Vascular Differentiation and Assembly Preface Contents Contributors Chapter 1: The Emergence of Blood and Blood Vessels in the Embryo and Its Relevance to Postnatal Biology and Disease Chapter 2: Molecular Control of Vascular Tube Morphogenesis and Stabilization: Regulation by Extracellular Matrix, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and Endothelial Cell–Pericyte Interactions Chapter 3: Scaffolding for Three-Dimensional Embryonic Vasculogenesis Chapter 4: Intra- and Extracellular Microrheology of Endothelial Cells in a 3D Matrix Chapter 5: Biophysical Properties of Scaffolds Modulate Human Blood Vessel Formation from Circulating Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells Chapter 6: Physiological and Therapeutic Vascular Remodeling Mediated by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Chapter 7: Hypoxia and Matrix Manipulation for Vascular Engineering Chapter 8: Microenvironmental Regulation of Tumor Angiogenesis: Biological and Engineering Considerations Chapter 9: Microbioreactors for Stem Cell Research Chapter 10: Effects of Hemodynamic Forces on the Vascular Differentiation of Stem Cells: Implications for Vascular Graft Engineering Index