Biological and behavioral aspects of salt intake edited by Morley R. Kare, Melvin J. Fregly, Rudy A. Bernard

Biological and Behavioral Aspects of Salt Intake presents the developmental, social, and anthropological aspects of salt intake. This book explores the existing knowledge of those factors that influence man's appetite for salt. Organized into five parts encompassing 28 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the pathological and physiological importance attached to levels of salt intake in health and in disease. This text then examines the scientific information concerning the nature of man's appetite for salt and the variations of that appetite as an expression of biological needs, behavioral patterns, differing environmental conditions, and normal or disturbed physiology. Other chapters examine the plasma renin activity, urinary sodium excretion, and taste responses of hypertensive and normotensive individuals. The final chapter explores the relations between taste, intake, preference, and hypertension. This book is a valuable resource for nutritionists, food scientists, and researchers interested in the planning of nutritional programs in public health or therapeutic regimens. Content: Inside Front Cover , Page ii Front Matter , Page iii Copyright , Page iv List of Contributors , Pages xiii-xv List of Participants , Page xvii Foreword , Pages xix-xxi , William J. Darby Preface , Pages xxiii-xxiv , Melvin J. Fregly Chapter 1 - Salt and Social Behavior , Pages 3-11 , MARILYN S. FREGLY Chapter 2 - Saltiness in Developmental Perspective , Pages 13-29 , JAMES M. WEIFFENBACH, PATRICIA A. DANIEL, BEVERLY J. COWART Chapter 3 - Saharan Bedouins and the Salt Water of the Sahara: A Model for Salt Intake , Pages 31-47 , CLAUDE PAQUE Chapter 4 - Salt Sources and Markets , Pages 49-52 , WILLIAM E. DICKINSON Chapter 5 - On the Spontaneous Intake of NaCl Solution by Dogs , Pages 55-68 , MELVIN J. FREGLY Chapter 6 - Comparative Aspects of Salt Preference and Intake in Birds , Pages 69-81 , B. ROBINZON, M.R. KARE, G.K. BEAUCHAMP Chapter 7 - Sensory Analysis of the Taste of NaCl , Pages 83-98 , LINDA M. BARTOSHUK Chapter 8 - Contribution of the Anion to the Taste Quality of Sodium Salts , Pages 99-111 , SUSAN S. SCHIFFMAN Chapter 9 - Salivary Chloride Levels, Taste Thresholds for Salt, and Food Ingestion , Pages 113-125 , HOWARD H. CHAUNCEY, SHARON WALLACE, JOHN E. ALMAN Chapter 10 - Measuring Taste Sensitivity and the Effects of Adrenalectomy in Rats , Pages 127-137 , G.ROLFE MORRISON Chapter 11 - Salt Intake and Equilibration , Pages 141-144 , E.F. ADOLPH Chapter 12 - Factors Affecting Salivary Sodium Concentration, NaCl Intake, and Preference Threshold and Their Interrelationships , Pages 145-165 , TERRY N. THRASHER, MELVIN J. FREGLY Chapter 13 - A Possible Role for Angiotensin in the Elicitation of Salt Appetite , Pages 167-184 , R.W. BRYANT, A.N. EPSTEIN, S.J. FLUHARTY Chapter 14 - The Physiological Basis of Sodium Appetite: A New Look at the “Depletion-Repletion” Model , Pages 185-204 , EDWARD M. STRICKER Chapter 15 - Rapid Sodium Depletion and Salt Appetite Induced by Intraperitoneal Dialysis , Pages 205-220 , JOHN L. FALK, MAISY TANG Chapter 16 - Salt in Processed Foods , Pages 221-228 , RICHARD H. FORSYTHE, RALPH A. MILLER Chapter 17 - The Influence of Reproductive Processes on Salt Appetite , Pages 229-246 , D.A. DENTON, J.F. NELSON Chapter 18 - Spontaneous NaCl Appetite Induced by Administration of an Oral Contraceptive and Its Components to Rats , Pages 247-272 , MELVIN J. FREGLY, DEBORAH G. NEWSOME Chapter 19 - Membrane Transitions in Taste Receptor Cell Activation by Sodium Salts , Pages 275-287 , GREGORY MOOSER Chapter 20 - Peripheral Mechanisms in Salty Taste Reception , Pages 289-298 , JOSEPH G. BRAND, DOUGLAS L. BAYLEY Chapter 21 - Peripheral Neural Changes Associated with Sodium Deprivation , Pages 299-315 , ROBERT J. CONTRERAS Chapter 22 - Glycinamide Hydrochloride, a Compound with Common Salt Flavor , Pages 319-329 , M. STERNBERG, D.A. CORNELIUS, N.J. EBERTS, F.J. SCHWENDE, J.P.C. CHIANG Chapter 23 - Brain Lesions and Sodium Appetite: An Approach to the Neurological Analysis of Homeostatic Behavior , Pages 331-339 , GEORGE WOLF, JAY SCHULKIN Chapter 24 - On the Role of Sodium in Human Hypertension , Pages 341-344 , FREDERIC C. BARTTER, TOSHIRO FUJITA, CATHERINE S. DELEA, TERUKAZU KAWASAKI Chapter 25 - Salt Intake and Hypertension in Rats , Pages 345-366 , KUNIO TORII Chapter 26 - Salt Taste and Salt Preference in Normal and Hypertensive Rats and Humans , Pages 367-396 , ROBERT I. HENKIN Chapter 27 - Taste and Salt Intake in Human Hypertension , Pages 397-409 , R.A. BERNARD, R.L. DOTY, K. ENGELMAN, R.A. WEISS Chapter 28 - Biological and Behavioral Aspects of Salt Intake: A Summation , Pages 411-417 , V.G. DETHIER Index , Pages 419-426 THE NUTRITION FOUNDATION: A Monograph Series , Page 427 Abstract: Twenty-eight papers of a 1979 conference discussexisting knowledge of factors that alter human appetite forsalt intake (currently, average intake is estimated at 8-10grams per day). Observations from comparative physiologicalstudies (including man) are summarized. The physiologicaland pathological significance attached to salt intake levelsin health and disease, and the consequent need to modifytoward higher or lower salt intakes are stressed. Aspects ofthe physiological and pathological implications of saltintake are examined. Sweeping generalizations recommendingthat all persons should drastically curtail salt intake arenot based upon sound physiological evidence. Saltintake-related topics fous on 5 themes: social,developmental, and anthropological aspects; comparative andpsychophysical aspects; neurological aspects; physiologicaland pathological aspects; and factors affecting saltpreference. (wz)