Biographical Companion to Literature in English

This first U.S. editon of Collins Biographical Dictionary of English Literature (1993) was prepared with the the general reader in mind and students of literature of all ages. The lives and principal literary achievements of over 1500 writers are outlined in brief essays that emphasize the links between the life and art of each writer. Authors of works in other languages are included if they are widely read in English or have influenced the development of literature in English. Kamm also pays special attention to black, Jewish, and women's writing. Kamm takes into account the contributions of individual authors to the development of national literatures and cultural traditions. He covers novelists in numerous genres, from Petronius to Bellow, Stephen King to Vargas Llosa; short story writers from Hawthorne and Henry James to Mavis Gallant, Alice Munro and Eudora Welty; poets from Homer, Virgil, and Petrarch, to Heaney, Denise Levertov, and Walcott; dramatists from Sophocles to Shepard; diarists from Pepys to Anne Frank; as well as travelers, historians, biographers, critics, philosophers, clerics, religious reformers, and children's writers. The many suggestions for further reading have been chosen for their accessibility. The latest edition is listed for each, together with comprehensive bibliographical details, including subtitle and full name of translator and editors where appropriate. Biographical Companion to Literature in English......Page 2 Contents......Page 4 To the Reader......Page 5 Bibliographical References......Page 6 Abbreviations......Page 7 Abélard, Peter (or Petrus Abaelardus) (1079-1142)......Page 10 Achebe, Chinua (b. 1930)......Page 11 Adams, Henry (Brooks) (1838-1918)......Page 12 Addison, Joseph (1672-1719)......Page 13 Agate, James (1877-1947)......Page 14 Aidoo, (Christina) Ama Ata (b. 1942)......Page 15 Akhmatova, Anna,......Page 16 Alcott, Louisa May (1832-88)......Page 17 Alexander, William (1826-94)......Page 18 Algren, Nelson (1909-81)......Page 19 Amado, Jorge (b. 1912)......Page 20 Anacreon (560-476 BC)......Page 21 Anderson, Sherwood (1876-1941)......Page 22 Angelou, Maya (b. 1928)......Page 23 Apollinaire, Guillaume (1880-1918)......Page 24 Ariosto, Ludovico (1474-1533)......Page 25 Armah, Ayi Kwei (b. 1939)......Page 26 Ashbery, John (b. 1927)......Page 27 Asimov, Isaac (1920-92)......Page 28 Atwood, Margaret (b. 1939)......Page 29 Auchincloss, Louis (b. 1917)......Page 30 Aurobindo, Sri (1872-1950)......Page 31 Austen, Jane (1775-1817)......Page 32 Ayckbourn, (Sir) Alan (b. 1939)......Page 33 Aytoun, William Edmonstoune (1813-65)......Page 34 Bacon, (Sir) Francis (1561-1626)......Page 35 Bainbridge, Beryl (b. 1933)......Page 36 Bale, John (1495-1563)......Page 37 Balzac, Honoré de (1799-1850)......Page 38 Baraka, Amiri (b. 1934)......Page 39 Barker, George (1913-91)......Page 40 Barnes, Djuna (1892-1982)......Page 41 Barrie, (Sir) J(ames) M(atthew) (1860-1937)......Page 42 Barthes, Roland (1915-80)......Page 43 Baxter, James K(eir) (1926-72)......Page 44 Baynton, Barbara (1862-1929)......Page 45 Beauvoir, Simone de (1908-86)......Page 46 Beckett, Samuel (1906-89)......Page 47 Bede (or Bæda), known as 'Venerable' (c.673-735)......Page 48 Behn, Mrs Aphra (or Ayfara) (1640-89),......Page 49 Bellow, Saul (b. 1915)......Page 50 Bely, Andrei, pseudonym of Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev (1880-1934)......Page 51 Benson, E(dward) F(rederic) (1867-1940)......Page 52 Berkeley, George (1685-1753)......Page 53 Berryman, John (1914-72)......Page 54 Bhattacharya, Bhabani (1906-88)......Page 55 Birney, (Alfred) Earle (b. 1904)......Page 56 Bishop, Elizabeth (1911-79)......Page 57 Blake, William (1757-1827)......Page 58 Blixen, Karen (1885-1962),......Page 59 Blunt, Wilfred Scawen (1840-1922)......Page 60 Boccagcio, Giovanni (1313-75)......Page 61 Boileau, Nicolas (1636-1711)......Page 62 Böll, Heinrich (1917-85)......Page 63 Borges, Jorge Luis (1899-1986)......Page 64 Boswell, James (1740-95)......Page 65 Bowen, Elizabeth (1898-1973)......Page 66 Boyd, Martin (1893-1972)......Page 67 Brackenridge, Hugh Henry (1748-1816)......Page 68 Bradbury, Ray(mond) (b. 1920)......Page 69 Braine, John (1922-86)......Page 70 Brautigan, Richard (1935-84)......Page 71 Brennan, Christopher (1870-1932)......Page 72 Brink, André (b. 1935)......Page 73 Brontë, Anne (1820-49)......Page 74 Brontë, Emily (1818-48)......Page 75 Brooke, Frances (1724-89)......Page 76 Brooks, Gwendolyn (b. 1917)......Page 77 Browne, Frances (1816-79)......Page 78 Browning, Robert (1812-89)......Page 79 Brownjohn, Alan (b. 1931)......Page 80 Buchan, John (1875-1940)......Page 81 Buck, Pearl S(ydenstricker) (1892-1973)......Page 82 Bunin, Ivan (Alekseievich) (1870-1953)......Page 83 Bunyan, John (1628-88)......Page 84 Burnett, Frances (Eliza) Hodgson (1849-1924)......Page 85 Burns, Robert (1759-96)......Page 86 Burton, (Sir) Richard Francis (1821-90)......Page 87 Butler, Samuel (1835-1902)......Page 88 Byatt, A(ntonia) S(usan) (b. 1936)......Page 89 Byron, (George Gordon), 6th Lord (1788-1824)......Page 90 Cable, George Washington (1844-1925)......Page 92 Cain, James M(allahan) (1892-1977)......Page 93 Galisher, Hortense (b. 1911)......Page 94 Calvino, Italo (1923-85)......Page 95 Camões (or Camoëns), Luis de (1524-80)......Page 96 Campbell, Joseph (1879-1944)......Page 97 Campbell, Thomas (1777-1844)......Page 98 Camus, Albert (1913-60)......Page 99 Capote, Truman (1924-84)......Page 100 Carleton, William (1794-1869)......Page 101 Carmi, T., pseudonym of Charmi Charny (1925-94)......Page 102 Carter, Martin (b. 1927)......Page 103 Castiglione, Baldassare (1478-1529)......Page 104 Catullus, Gaius Valerius (c.85-53 BC)......Page 105 Cellini, Benvenuto (1500-71)......Page 106 Chalmers, Thomas (1780-1847)......Page 107 Chandler, Raymond (1888-1959)......Page 108 Chatwin, Bruce (1940-89)......Page 109 Chaucer, Geoffrey (c.1343-1400)......Page 110 Chekhov, Anton (Pavlovich) (1860-1904)......Page 111 Chesterfield, (Stanhope, Philip Dormer), 4th Earl of (1694-1773)......Page 112 Chopin, Kate (1851-1904)......Page 113 Churchill, Charles (1732-64)......Page 114 Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106-43 BC)......Page 115 Clark, Walter Van Tilburg (1909-71)......Page 116 Clarke, Austin C(hesterfield) (b. 1934)......Page 117 Cleland, John (1710-1789)......Page 118 Cocteau, Jean (1889-1963)......Page 119 Cohen, Matt(hew) (b. 1942)......Page 120 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1772-1834)......Page 121 Collins, Wilkie (1824-89)......Page 122 Compton-Burnett, Ivy (1884-1969)......Page 123 Connolly, Cyril (1903-74)......Page 124 Conrad, Joseph (1857-1924)......Page 125 Cooke, John Esten (1830-86)......Page 126 Cooper, William, pseudonym of Harry Summerfield Hoff (b. 1910)......Page 127 Corneille, Pierre (1606-84)......Page 128 Coward, (Sir) Noël (1899-1973)......Page 129 Cozzens, James Gould (1903-78)......Page 130 Crane, (Harold) Hart (1899-1932)......Page 131 Crane, Stephen (1871-1900)......Page 132 Greeley, Robert (b. 1926)......Page 133 Croker, Thomas Crofton (1798-1854)......Page 134 Cummings, E(dward) E(stlin) (1894-1962)......Page 135 Cynewulf......Page 136 Daiches, David (b. 1912)......Page 137 Daniel, Samuel (1562/3-1619)......Page 138 Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)......Page 139 Darwin, Charles (1809-82)......Page 140 Davenant (or D'avenant), (Sir) William (1606-68)......Page 141 Davies, (William) Robertson (1913-95)......Page 142 Davin, Dan(iel) (1913-90)......Page 143 Defoe, Daniel (1660-1731)......Page 144 Dekker, Thomas (1572-1632)......Page 145 Deledda, Grazia (1872-1936)......Page 146 Denham, (Sir) John (1615-69)......Page 147 Desai, Anita (b. 1937)......Page 148 De Vries, Peter (1910-93)......Page 149 Dickens, Charles (1812-70)......Page 150 Dickinson, Emily (1830-86)......Page 151 Diderot, Denis (1713-84)......Page 152 Dobson, Rosemary (b. 1920)......Page 153 Donleavy, J(ames) P(atrick) (b. 1926)......Page 154 Doolittle, Hilda (H. D.) (1886-1961)......Page 155 Dostoevsky, Fyodor (Mikhailovich) (1821-81)......Page 156 Doughty, Charles Montague (1843-1926)......Page 157 Douglas (s), (George) Norman (1868-1952)......Page 158 Doyle, (Sir) Arthur Conan (1859-1930)......Page 159 Dreiser, Theodore (1871-1945)......Page 160 Drummond, William Henry (1854-1907)......Page 161 Du Bellay, Joachim (1522-60)......Page 162 Duggan, Eileen (1894-1972)......Page 163 Du Maurier, Daphne (1907-89)......Page 164 Dunbar, William (c.1460-c.1520)......Page 165 Dunn, Douglas (b. 1942)......Page 166 Durrell, Lawrence (1912-90)......Page 167 Dutton, Geoffrey (b. 1922)......Page 168 Edgeworth, Maria (1767-1849)......Page 169 Ekwensi, Cyprian (b. 1921)......Page 170 Eliot, George, pseudonym of Mary Ann Evans (1819-80)......Page 171 Elliot, Jean (1727-1805)......Page 172 Elytis, Odysseus, pseudonym of Odysseus Alepoudelis (1911-96)......Page 173 Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803-97)......Page 174 Enright, D(ennis) J(oseph) (b. 1920)......Page 175 Ervine, St John (1883-1971)......Page 176 Euripides (480-406 BC)......Page 177 Ezekiel, Nissim (b. 1924)......Page 178 Farquhar, George (1678-1707)......Page 179 Fast, Howard (Melvin)(b. 1914)......Page 180 Faulkner, William (1897-1962)......Page 181 Fergusson, Robert (1750-74)......Page 182 Ferrier, Susan (1782-1854)......Page 183 Fielding, Henry (1707-54)......Page 184 Findley, Timothy (b. 1930)......Page 185 Firbank, (Arthur Annesley) Ronald (1886-1926)......Page 186 Fitzgerald, F(rancis) Scott (Key) (1896-1940)......Page 187 Flaubert, Gustave (1821-80)......Page 188 Fleming, Ian (1908-64)......Page 189 Fontane, Theodor (1819-98)......Page 190 Ford, John (1586-?c.1655)......Page 191 Forster, E(dward) M(organ) (1879-1970)......Page 192 Frame, Janet (b. 1924)......Page 193 Francis, Dick (b. 1920)......Page 194 Franklin, Benjamin (1706-90)......Page 195 Franklin, (Stella Maria Sarah) Miles (1879-1954)......Page 196 Freeling, Nicolas (b. 1927)......Page 197 Freneau, Philip (1752-1832)......Page 198 Frisch, Max (1911-91)......Page 199 Frost, Robert (1874-1963)......Page 200 Fuentes, Carlos (b. 1928)......Page 201 Fuller, (Sarah) Margaret (1810-50)......Page 202 Furphy, Joseph (1843-1912)......Page 203 Fuseli, Henry......Page 204 Galsworthy, John (1867-1933)......Page 205 García Lorca, Federico (1898-1936)......Page 206 Garioch, Robert, pen name of Robert Garioch Sutherland (1909-81)......Page 207 Gaskell, Elizabeth (1810-65)......Page 208 Gee, Maurice (b. 1931)......Page 209 Gerhardie, William (1895-1977)......Page 210 Gibbon, Edward (1737-94)......Page 211 Gilbert, (Sir) W(illiam) S(chwenk) (1836-1911)......Page 212 Gilmore, Mary (1865-1962)......Page 213 Ginzburg, Natalia (1916-91)......Page 214 Glasgow, Ellen (1874-1945)......Page 215 Glassco, John (1909-81)......Page 216 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang (von) (1749-1832)......Page 217 Gogarty, Oliver St John (1878-1957)......Page 218 Golding, (Sir) William (1911-93)......Page 219 Goldsmith, Oliver (1728-74)......Page 220 Gordimer, Nadine (b. 1923)......Page 221 Gordon, Adam Lindsay (1833-70)......Page 222 Gosse, (Sir) Edmund (1849-1928)......Page 223 Graham, R(obert) B(ontine) Cunninghame (1852-1936)......Page 224 Grant, Ann (of Laggan) (1755-1838)......Page 225 Graves, Robert (von Ranke) (1895-1985)......Page 226 Green, Henry, pseudonym of Henry Vincent Yorke (1905-73)......Page 227 Greene, Graham (1904-91)......Page 228 Gregory, (Isabella Augusta), Lady (1852-1932)......Page 229 Griffin, Gerald (1803-40)......Page 230 Grossmith, George (1847-1912)......Page 231 Gunn, Thom(son) (b. 1929)......Page 232 Gustafson, Ralph, Palph (b. 1909)......Page 233 Hakluyt, Richard (c 1552-1616)......Page 234 Hall, Rodney (b. 1935)......Page 235 Hammett, (Samuel) Dashiell (1894-1961)......Page 236 Hardy, Thomas (1840-1928)......Page 237 Harris, George Washington (1814-69)......Page 238 Harris, Wilson (b. 1921)......Page 239 Harwood, Gwen (b. 1920)......Page 240 Have L, Václav (b. 1936)......Page 241 Hawthorne, Nathaniel (1804-64)......Page 242 Hayden, Robert (1913-80)......Page 243 Head, Bessie (1937-86)......Page 244 Heath-Stubbs, John (b. 1918)......Page 245 Heine, Heinrich (1797-1856)......Page 246 Heller, Joseph (b. 1923)......Page 247 Hemingway, Ernest (Miller) (1899-1961)......Page 248 Henley, W(illiam) E(rnest) (1849-1903)......Page 249 Henryson, Robert (c.1425-c.1500)......Page 250 Herbert, George (1593-1633)......Page 251 Herrick, Robert (1591-1674)......Page 252 Hewitt, John (1907-87)......Page 253 Higginson, Thomas Wentworth......Page 254 Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1679)......Page 255 Hoffmann, Ernst Theodore Wilhelm (1776-1822)......Page 256 Holinshed, Raphael (d. 1580)......Page 257 Holub, Miroslav (b. 1923)......Page 258 Hood, Hugh (b. 1928)......Page 259 Hope, A(lec) D(erwent) (b. 1907)......Page 260 Hopkins, Gerard Manley (1844-89)......Page 261 Housman, A(lfred) E(dward) (1859-1936)......Page 262 Hudson, W(illiam) H(enry) (1841-1922)......Page 263 Hughes, Richard (1900-76)......Page 264 Hugo, Victor (1802-85)......Page 265 Hunt, (James Henry) Leigh (1784-1859)......Page 266 Huxley, Aldous (1894-1963)......Page 267 Huysmans, J(oris)-K(arl) (1848-1907)......Page 268 Hyde, Robin, pen name of Iris Guiver Wilkinson (1906-39)......Page 269 Ihimaera, Witi (b. 1944)......Page 270 Ionesco, Eugène (1912-94)......Page 271 Isherwood, Christopher (1904-86)......Page 272 Jacobs, W(illiam) W(ymark) (1863-1943)......Page 274 James VI (I of England) (1566-1625)......Page 275 James, Henry (1843-1916)......Page 276 James, P(hyllis) D(orothy) (b. 1920)......Page 277 Jarrell, Randall (1914-65)......Page 278 Jennings, Elizabeth (b 1926)......Page 279 Jewett, Sarah Orne (1849-1909)......Page 280 Jiménez, Juan Ramón (1881-1958)......Page 281 Johnson, Samuel (1709-84)......Page 282 Jones, David (Michael) (1895-1974)......Page 283 Jong, Erica (b. 1942)......Page 284 Jonson, Ben(jamin) (1572-1637)......Page 285 Joyce, James (Augustine Aloysius) (1882-1941)......Page 286 Juvenal (Decimus Junius Juvenalis) (c.55-c.140)......Page 287 Kätner, Erich (1899-1974)......Page 288 Kawabata Yasunari (1899-1972)......Page 289 Keats, John (1795-1821)......Page 290 Keneally, Thomas (b. 1935)......Page 291 Kerouac, Jack [Jean-Louis] (1922-69)......Page 292 Kierkegaard, Sören (1813-55)......Page 293 Kinglake, A(lexander) W(illiam) (1809-91)......Page 294 Kinnell, Galway (b. 1927)......Page 295 Kipling, (Joseph) Rudyard (1865-1936)......Page 296 Kirkup James (b. 1923)......Page 297 Knox, John (1505-72)......Page 298 Kumar, Shiv K(umar) (b. 1921)......Page 299 Kyd, Thomas (1558-94)......Page 300 La Fontaine, Jean de (1621-95)......Page 301 La Guma, Alex (1925-85)......Page 302 Lampedusa, Giuseppe di (Duke of Palma and Prince of Lampedusa) (1896-1957)......Page 303 Lang, Andrew (1844-1912)......Page 304 Lardner, Ring(old Wilmer) (1885-1933)......Page 305 Laurence, Margaret (1926-87)......Page 306 Lawler, Ray (b. 1921)......Page 307 Lawrence, D(avid) H(erbert) (1885-1930)......Page 308 Lawson, Henry (1867-1922)......Page 309 Laye, Camara (1928-80)......Page 310 Leakey, Caroline Woolmer (1827-81)......Page 311 Le Carré, John, pseudonym of David Cornwell (b. 1931)......Page 312 Lee, Laurie (1914-97)......Page 313 Le Guin, Ursula (b. 1929)......Page 314 Leopardi, Giacomo (1798-1837)......Page 315 Lessing, Doris (b. 1919)......Page 316 Lever, Charles (1806-72)......Page 317 Levi, Peter (b. 1931)......Page 318 Lewis, C. Day, pen name of Cecil Day-Lewis (1904-72)......Page 319 Lewis, (Harry) Sinclair (1885-1951)......Page 320 Lillo, George (1693-1739)......Page 321 Lindsay, (Nicholas) Vachel (1879-1931)......Page 322 Li Po (701-62)......Page 323 Livy (Titus Livius) (59 BC-AD 17)......Page 324 Lockhart, John Gibson......Page 325 Lofting, Hugh (1886-1947)......Page 326 London, Jack [John Griffith] (1876-1916)......Page 327 Longstreet, Augustus Baldwin (1790-1870)......Page 328 Lovelace, Earl (b. 1935)......Page 329 Lowell, James Russell (1819-91)......Page 330 Lowry, (Clarence) Malcolm (1909-57)......Page 331 Lucie-Smith, Edward (b. 1933)......Page 332 Luther, Martin (1483-1546)......Page 333 Lyndsay, (Sir) David, of the Mount (1486-1555)......Page 334 Lytton, Edward George......Page 335 Macaulay, Thomas Babington (1800-59)......Page 336 MacCaig, Norman......Page 337 MacDiarmid, Hugh, pseudonym of Christopher Murray Grieve (1892-1978)......Page 338 MacDonald, George (1824-1905)......Page 339 MacGill-Eain, Somhairle......Page 340 Machen, Arthur (1863-1947)......Page 341 MacIntyre, Duncan Ban (Donnchadh Bàn Mac an T-Saoir)(1724-1812)......Page 342 Mackenzie, Henry (1745-1831)......Page 343 Macklin, Charles (1699-1797)......Page 344 MacLennan, Hugh (1907-90)......Page 345 MacNeice, (Frederick) Louis (1907-63)......Page 346 Maeterlinck, Maurice (1862-1949)......Page 347 Mailer, Norman (b. 1923)......Page 348 Major, John......Page 349 Malory, (Sir) Thomas (c.1410-71)......Page 350 Mandel, Eli(as Wolf) (1922-94)......Page 351 Mangan, James Clarence (1803-49)......Page 352 Mann, Thomas (1875-1955)......Page 353 Manning, Olivia (1908-80)......Page 354 Mansfield, Katherine pseudonym of Kathleen Mansfield Beauchamp (1888-1923)......Page 355 Marlowe, Christopher (1564-93)......Page 356 Marquand, John P(hillips) (1893-1960)......Page 357 Marryat, Frederick (1792-1848)......Page 358 Martial (Marcus Valerius Martialis) (c.40-104)......Page 359 Marvell, Andrew (1621-78)......Page 360 Masefield, John (1878-1967)......Page 361 Mason, R(onald) A(lison) K(ells) (1905-71)......Page 362 Mather, Cotton (1663-1728)......Page 363 Maugham, W(illiam) Somerset (1874-1965)......Page 364 Maurois, André (1885-1967)......Page 365 Melville, Herman (1819-91)......Page 366 Mencken, H(enry) L(ouis) (1880-1956)......Page 367 Merrill, James (1926-95)......Page 368 Meung, Jean (Clopinel) de (c.1240-1305)......Page 369 Middleton, Thomas (1580-1627)......Page 370 Millay, Edna St Vincent (1892-1950)......Page 371 Miller, Henry (1891-1980)......Page 372 Milne, A(lan) A(lexander) (1882-1956)......Page 373 Milton, John (1608-74)......Page 374 Mitchell, Margaret (1900-49)......Page 375 Mitford, Nancy (1904-73)......Page 376 Molière (1622-73)......Page 377 Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley (1689-1762)......Page 378 Montaigne, Michel (Eyquem) De (1533-92)......Page 379 Montgomery, L(ucy) M(aud) (1874-1942)......Page 380 Moodie, Susanna (1803-85)......Page 381 Moore, George (Augustus) (1852-1933)......Page 382 Moore, Marianne (1887-1972)......Page 383 Moravia, Alberto, Pseudonym of Alberto Pincherle (1907-90)......Page 384 More, (Sir) Thomas (1478-1535)......Page 385 Morris, William (1834-96)......Page 386 Mortimer, Penelope......Page 387 Muggeridge, Malcolm (1903-90)......Page 388 Mukherjee, Bharati (b. 1940)......Page 389 Multatuli, Pen Name of Eduard Douwes Dekker (1820-87)......Page 390 Munro, Neil (1864-1930)......Page 391 Murray, Les(lie) A(llan) (b. 1938)......Page 392 Myers, L(eopold) H(amilton) (1881-1944)......Page 393 Myles na Gcopaleen......Page 394 Naidu, Sarojini (1879-1949)......Page 395 Naipaul, (Sir) V(idiadhar) S(urajprasad) (b. 1932)......Page 396 Nash, Ogden (1902-71)......Page 397 Natsume Soseki (1867-1916)......Page 398 Nerval, Gérard de (1808-55)......Page 399 Newby, P(ercy) H(oward) (b. 1918)......Page 400 Ngugi* wa Thiong'o (b. 1938)......Page 401 Nicolson, (Sir) Harold (1886-1968)......Page 402 Nin, Anaïs (1903-77)......Page 403 Nortje, Arthur (1942-70)......Page 404 Noyes, Alfred (1880-1958)......Page 405 Oates, Joyce Carol (b. 1938)......Page 406 O'Brien, Flann, one of the many pseudonyms of Brian O'Nolan (1911-66)......Page 407 O'Casey, Sean (1880-1964)......Page 408 O'Donovan, Gerald (1871-1942)......Page 409 Ogot, Grace (b. 1930)......Page 410 O'Hara, John (1905-70)......Page 411 Okigbo, Christopher (1932-67)......Page 412 Olson, Charles (1910-70)......Page 413 O'Neill, Eugene (1888-1953)......Page 414 Ortega Y Gasset, José (1883-1955)......Page 416 Orwell, George, Pseudonym of Eric Blair (1903-50)......Page 417 Osborne, John (1929-94)......Page 418 Ouida, pen name of Marie Louise de la Ramée (1839-1908)......Page 419 Ozick, Cynthia (b. 1928)......Page 420 Paley, Grace (b. 1922)......Page 422 Pascal, Blaise (1623-62)......Page 423 Pater, Walter (1839-94)......Page 424 Paton, Alan (1903-88)......Page 425 Paz, Octavio (b. 1914)......Page 426 Peake, Mervyn (1911-68)......Page 427 Peele, George (1556-96)......Page 428 Perelman, S(idney) J(oseph) (1904-79)......Page 429 Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca) (1304-74)......Page 430 Philips, Katherine (1631-64)......Page 431 Pinter, Harold (b. 1930)......Page 432 Pitter, Ruth (1897-1992)......Page 433 Plato (c.427-c.347 BC)......Page 434 Plunkett, James, pseudonym of James Plunkett Kelly (b. 1920)......Page 435 Poe, Edgar Allan (1809-49)......Page 436 Pope, Alexander (1688-1744)......Page 437 Porter, Hal (1911-84)......Page 438 Potter, Beatrix (1866-1943)......Page 439 Powell, Anthony (b. 1905)......Page 440 Powys, John Cowper (1872-1963)......Page 441 Pratt, E(dwin) J(ohn) (1882-1964)......Page 442 Price, (Edward) Reynolds (b. 1933)......Page 443 Priestley, J(ohn) B(oynton) (1894-1984)......Page 444 Prior, Matthew (1664-1721)......Page 445 Prout, Father......Page 446 Pushkin, Alexander (Sergeevich ) (1799-1837)......Page 447 Pynchon, Thomas (b. 1937)......Page 448 Quiller-Couch, (Sir) Arthur (1863-1944)......Page 449 Racine, Jean (1639-99)......Page 451 Raine, Kathleen (b. 1908)......Page 452 Ramsay, Allan (1684/5-1758)......Page 453 Rao, Raja (b. 1908)......Page 454 Read, (Sir) Herbert (1893-1968)......Page 455 Redgrove, Peter (b. 1932)......Page 456 Reid, V(ictor) S(tafford) (1913-87)......Page 457 Rhys, Jean, pseudonym of Ella Gwendolen Rees Williams (1890-1979)......Page 458 Richardson, Dorothy M(iller) (1873-1957)......Page 459 Richardson, Samuel (1689-1761)......Page 460 Rilke, Rainer Maria (1875-1926)......Page 461 Rive, Richard (1931-89)......Page 462 Robinson, Edwin Arlington (1869-1935)......Page 463 Rogers, Samuel (1763-1855)......Page 464 Ronsard, Pierre de (1524-85)......Page 465 Rosenberg, Isaac (1890-1918)......Page 466 Rossetti, Christina (1830-94)......Page 467 Roth, Henry (1906-1995)......Page 468 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712-78)......Page 469 Roy, Gabrielle (1909-83)......Page 470 Rudd, Steele, pseudonym of Arthur Hoey Davis (1868-1935)......Page 471 Ruskin, John (1819-1900)......Page 472 Russell, George William (1867-1935)......Page 473 Rymer, Thomas (1641-1713)......Page 474 Sackville-West, Victoria (or Vita) (1892-1962)......Page 475 Sahgal, Nayantara (b. 1927)......Page 476 Saint-John Perse, pen name of Marie-René-Alexis Saint-Léger Léger (1887-1975)......Page 477 Salkey, Andrew (b. 1928)......Page 478 Santayana, Jorge ('George') (1863-1952)......Page 479 Saroyan, William (1908-81)......Page 480 Sassoon, Siegfried (1886-1967)......Page 481 Scannell Vernon (b. 1922)......Page 482 Schopenhauer, Arthur (1788-1860)......Page 483 Schwartz, Delmore (1913-1966)......Page 484 Scott, F(rancis) R(eginald) (1899-1985)......Page 485 Scott, (Sir) Walter (1771-1832)......Page 486 Seferis, George, pen name of Giorgos Seferiades (1900-71)......Page 487 Senghor, Léopold (Sédar)(b. 1906)......Page 488 Seton, Ernest Thompson (1860-1946)......Page 489 Shadwell, Thomas (1642-92)......Page 490 Shakespeare, William (1564-1616)......Page 491 Shapcott, Thomas (b. 1935)......Page 492 Shaw, George Bernard (1856-1950)......Page 493 Shelley, Mary (Wollstonecraft) (1797-1851)......Page 494 Shelley, Percy Bysshe (1792-1822)......Page 495 Sheridan, Richard Brinsley (1751-1816)......Page 496 Shimazaki Toson......Page 497 Shute, Nevil, Pen Name of Nevil Shute Norway (1899-1960)......Page 498 Sienkiewicz, Henryk (1846-1916)......Page 499 Simenon, Georges (1903-89)......Page 500 Sinclair, Upton (1878-1968)......Page 501 Sitwell, Edith (1887-1964)......Page 502 Skelton, John (c.1460-1529)......Page 503 Smith, A(rthur) J(ames) M(arshall) (1902-80)......Page 504 Smith, Charlotte (1749-1806)......Page 505 Smith, Pauline (1882-1959)......Page 506 Smollett, Tobias (1721-71)......Page 507 Snow, (Sir) C(harles) P(ercy) (1905-80)......Page 508 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander (Isa-Yevich) (b. 1918)......Page 509 Sorley, Charles Hamilton (1895-1915)......Page 510 Southall, Ivan (b. 1921)......Page 511 Soyinka, Wole (Akinwande Oluwole Soyinka) (b. 1934)......Page 512 Spark, Muriel (b. 1918)......Page 513 Spender, (Sir) Stephen (Harold) (1909-95)......Page 514 Spenser, Edmund (1552-99)......Page 515 Squire, (Sir) J(ohn) C(ollings) (1884-1958)......Page 516 Stark, Freya (1893-1993)......Page 517 Stead, Christina (1902-83)......Page 518 Stein, Gertrude (1874-1946)......Page 519 Steinbeck, John (1902-68)......Page 520 Sterne, Laurence (1713-68)......Page 521 Stevenson, Robert Louis (1850-94)......Page 522 Stewart, Douglas (1913-85)......Page 523 Stoppard, Tom (b. 1937)......Page 524 Stowe, Harriet Beecher (1811-96)......Page 525 Strindberg, (Johan) August (1849-1912)......Page 526 Styron, William (b. 1925)......Page 527 Surrey, (Howard, Henry), Earl of (c.1517-47)......Page 528 Sutherland, Efua (b. 1924)......Page 529 Swift, Jonathan (1667-1745)......Page 530 Symons, Arthur (1865-1945)......Page 531 Synge, J(ohn) M(illington) (1871-1909)......Page 532 Tanizaki Jun'ichiro (1886-1965)......Page 534 Tasso, Torquato (1544-95)......Page 535 Taylor, Peter (Hillsman) (1917-94)......Page 536 Tennant, Emma (b. 1937)......Page 537 Tennyson, Alfred (1st Baron Tennyson) (1809-92)......Page 538 Thackeray, William Makepeace (1811-63)......Page 539 Theroux, Paul (b. 1941)......Page 540 Thomas, D(onald) M(ichael) (b. 1935)......Page 541 Thomas, (Philip) Edward (1878-1917)......Page 542 Thompson, Francis (1859-1907)......Page 543 Thomson, James (1834-82)......Page 544 Thucydides (c.460—c.400 BC)......Page 545 Tirso De Molina, pen name of Fray (Friar) Gabriel Téllez (1580/1-1648)......Page 546 Tolkien, J(ohn) R(onald) R(euel) (1892-1973)......Page 547 Tomlinson, Charles (b. 1927)......Page 548 Tourneur, Cyril (c.1575-1626)......Page 549 Treece, Henry (1911-66)......Page 550 Trilling, Lionel (1905-75)......Page 551 Tsvetaeva, Marina Ivanovna (1892-1941)......Page 552 Turgenev, Ivan (1818-83)......Page 553 Tuwhare, Hone (b. 1922)......Page 554 Twain, Mark, Pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835-1910)......Page 555 Tynan, Kenneth (1927-80)......Page 556 Updike, John (b. 1932)......Page 558 Urquhart, (Sir) Thomas, of Cromarty (1611-1660)......Page 559 Van Der Post, (Sir) Laurens (1906-96)......Page 560 Vega Carpio, Lope de (1562-1635)......Page 561 Verlaine, Paul (1844-96)......Page 562 Vidal, Gore (b. 1925)......Page 563 Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro) (70-19 Bc)......Page 564 Voltaire, Pseudonym of François-Marie Arouet (1694-1778)......Page 565 Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr (b. 1922)......Page 566 Walcott, Derek (b. 1930)......Page 567 Walker, Kath (Oodgeroo Noonuccal) (1920-93)......Page 568 Waller, Edmund (1606-87)......Page 569 Walton, Isaak (1593-1683)......Page 570 Warner, Rex (1905-86)......Page 571 Warren, Robert Penn (1905-89)......Page 572 Waten, Judah (1911-85)......Page 573 Watts, Isaac (1674-1748)......Page 574 Webb, (Martha) Beatrice (1858-1943)......Page 575 Webb, Phyllis (b. 1927)......Page 576 Weldon, Fay (b. 1931)......Page 577 Welty, Eudora (b. 1909)......Page 578 West, Morris (b. 1916)......Page 579 West, Rebecca, pseudonym of Cicily Fairfield (1892-1983)......Page 580 Wheatley, Phillis (c.1753-1784)......Page 581 White, Patrick (1912-90)......Page 582 White, T(erence) H(anbury) (1906-64)......Page 583 Whitman, Walt(er) (1819-92)......Page 584 Wiebe, Rudy (b. 1934)......Page 585 Wilde, Oscar (Fingal O'Flahertie Wills) (1854-1900)......Page 586 Wilder, Thornton (1897-1975)......Page 587 Williams, Charles (1886-1945)......Page 588 Williams, Tennessee (1911-83)......Page 589 Williamson, David (b. 1942)......Page 590 Wilson, A(ndrew) N(orman) (b. 1950)......Page 591 Wilson, Edmund (1895-1972)......Page 592 Wodehouse, (Sir) P(elham) G(renville) (1881-1975)......Page 593 Wolfe, Tom (Thomas Kennerly Wolfe, Jr) (b. 1931)......Page 594 Wollstonecraft, Mary (1759-97)......Page 595 Woodforde, (Rev.) James (1740-1803)......Page 596 Woolf, (Adeline) Virginia (1882-1941)......Page 597 Wordsworth, William (1770-1850)......Page 598 Wright, James (Arlington) (1927-80)......Page 599 Wright, Judith (b. 1915)......Page 600 Wyatt, (Sir) Thomas (1503-42)......Page 601 Wylie, Elinor (1885-1928)......Page 602 Wyndham, John, pseudonym of John Wyndham Parkes Lucas Beynon Harris (1903-69)......Page 603 Xenophon (c.430-c.355 BC)......Page 604 Yeats, W(illiam) B(utler) (1865-1939)......Page 605 Yonge, Charlotte M(ary) (1823-1901)......Page 606 Young, Edward (1683-1765)......Page 607 Yourcenar, Marguerite (1903-87)......Page 608 Zola, Émile (1840-1902)......Page 609 "Designed to be read and used by the general reader, this companion guide has been specially prepared by the author for the American market. The lives and principal literary achievements of over 1,500 writers are outlined in essays that emphasize the links between the subjects' lives and art. Authors of works in other languages are included where these are widely read in English or have influenced the development of literature in English. Kamm takes into account the contributions of individual authors to the development of national literatures and cultural traditions. Attention is also given to black, Jewish, and women's writing." "The book covers novelists in numerous genres, from Petronius to Saul Bellow, Stephen King, and Mario Vargas Llosa; short-story writers from Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry James to Mavis Gallant, Alice Munro, and Eudora Welty; poets from Homer, Virgil, and Petrarch to Seamus Heaney, Denise Levertov, and Derek Walcott; dramatists from Sophocles to Sam Shepard; diarists from Samuel Pepys to Anne Frank; as well as travelers, historians, biographers, critics, philosophers, clerics and religious reformers, and children's writers."--BOOK JACKET