Biogas technology, transfer, and diffusion : proceedings of the international conference held at the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, 17-24 November 1984 on biogas technology, transfer, and diffusion

The International Conference on the State of the Art on Biogas Technology, Transfer and Diffusion was held in Cairo, Egypt, from 17 to 24 November 1984. The Conference was organized by the Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASR T), the Egyptian National Research Centre (NRC), the Bioenergy Systems and Technology project (BST) of the US Agency for International Development (US/AID) Office of Energy, and the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). A number of international organizations and agencies co-sponsored the Conference. More than 100 participants from 40 countries attended. The purpose of the Conference was to assess the viability of biogas technology (BGT) and propose future courses of action for exploiting BGT prospects to the fullest extent. The Conference emphasized a balanced coverage of technical, environ­ mental, social, economic and organizational aspects relevant to biogas systems design, operation and diffusion. It was organized to incorporate experiences that are pertinent, for the most part, to developing countries. In addition to the wide spectrum of presentations and country programs, structured and non-structured discussions among the participants were strongly encouraged in thematic sessions at round-table discussions, and through personal contacts during poster sessions and field trips. It was clear from the enthusiastic response of most participants that the Conference, in large measure, succeeded in fulfilling its mission. Although draft papers were distributed to all participants, it was felt that the results obtained were worthy of organized and refined documentation. And this is precisely what this book intends to do. Front Matter....Pages i-xv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Introduction....Pages 2-4 Executive Summary....Pages 5-13 Front Matter....Pages 13-13 Session Overview....Pages 14-17 Biogas: A Global Perspective....Pages 18-44 The Realistic Potential of Biogas....Pages 45-50 Force-field Analysis of Biogas Systems and Proposed Means for Optimizing Their Prospects....Pages 51-56 Information Needs for Diffusing Biogas Technology into the Rural Areas of Developing Countries....Pages 57-62 The Integrated Digester Plant....Pages 63-63 Front Matter....Pages 64-64 Overview of the Thematic Session and Key Results....Pages 65-70 Social, Ecological, and Cultural Realities of Biogas Development....Pages 71-86 Technical and Social Problems for the Propagation of Biogas in Rwanda....Pages 87-97 Towards Obtaining Optimum Benefits from Biogas Technology....Pages 98-102 Front Matter....Pages 103-103 Section Overview....Pages 104-105 A Critique on Cost-Benefit Analysis of Biogas Programs....Pages 106-110 Assessment of the Feasibility of Rural Biogas Systems....Pages 111-119 Analysis of Economic Factors in the Dissemination of Biogas Plants - Case Studies from Africa and the Caribbean....Pages 120-131 The Economics of Biogas Systems — a Shorter Communication....Pages 132-133 Front Matter....Pages 134-134 Institutional and Financial Infrastructure of Biogas Systems....Pages 135-141 Summary of Group Discussions on Institutional and Financial Infrastructure of Biogas Systems....Pages 142-147 Front Matter....Pages 148-148 Section Overview....Pages 149-149 Front Matter....Pages 148-148 Experiences with Rural Biodigesters in Latin America....Pages 150-165 ICAITI’S Dissemination Activities of Biogas Systems....Pages 166-170 Gate-Biogas Consultancy Service....Pages 171-172 FAO Activities in the Field of Biogas....Pages 173-174 The Bioenergy Users’ Network (BUN) an Executive Summary....Pages 175-176 Front Matter....Pages 177-177 Engineering Design of Biogas Units for Developing Countries....Pages 178-203 Technologies for Biogas Production of Developed Countries and Possibilities of Transferring Them to Developing Countries....Pages 204-212 Engineering Aspects of Small-Scale Biogas Plants....Pages 213-227 Design Parameters Affecting Success and Failure of Biogas Systems....Pages 228-240 Preliminary Assessment of a Farm-Scale Digester in Relation to Possibilities of Operating an Integrated Bioplex System....Pages 241-258 An Improved Plug-Flow Design for the Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Cattle Waste....Pages 259-269 Multicriteria Optimization Design of Methane Fermentation Systems....Pages 270-276 A Village Scale Biogas Pilot Plant Study Using High Rate Digester Technology....Pages 277-282 Compost-Heated Small Scale Farm Digester Appropriate for Korean Conditions....Pages 283-294 Structural Behaviour and Stress Conditions of Fixed Dome Type of Biogas Units....Pages 295-301 Ferrocement Gasholder for Two 60 M 3 Digesters....Pages 302-305 Simplified Anaerobic Digesters for Animal Waste....Pages 306-316 Cold Condition Biogas....Pages 317-321 A Modified Anaerobic Fermenter for Egyptian Agricultural Residues....Pages 322-332 Modular Biogas Plant Particularly Adapted to Tropical Rural Areas: A Shorter Communication....Pages 333-334 Front Matter....Pages 177-177 Gas-Use Devices....Pages 336-336 Mechanical and Electrical Power from Biogas in Developing Countries....Pages 337-342 Performance of A Small Diesel Engine Operating in a Dual Fuel Mode with Biogas....Pages 343-354 Microbiology and Biochemistry of Methanogenesis, A Selected Review....Pages 356-371 Methane Production from Farm Wastes....Pages 372-380 Optimization of Bioconversion of Solid and Liquid Residues....Pages 381-391 Study of the Optimum Operating Conditions for the Anaerobic Digestion of Some Organic Wastes....Pages 392-399 Novel Processes for High-Efficiency Biodigestion of Particulate Feeds....Pages 400-416 Biogas from Organic Waste Diluted with Seawater....Pages 417-423 The Assessment of Methanogens by the Quantitative Determination of Coenzyme F 420 in Anaerobic Systems....Pages 424-428 Fuel Gas Production from Organic Wastes by Low Capital Cost Batch Digestion....Pages 429-436 Biogas Production from Water Hyacinth [Eichhornia Crassipes]: Influence of Temperature....Pages 437-445 Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Garbage: A Pilot Plant....Pages 446-453 The Toxicity Effect of Pesticides and Herbicides on the Anaerobic Digestion Process....Pages 454-462 Biogas Production from Some Organic Wastes....Pages 463-473 The Assessment of Cellulolytic Activities in Anaerobic Digesters by the “Textiles Coupon Technique”....Pages 474-479 Biogas Production from Antibiotic-Contaminated Cow Manure....Pages 480-487 Biogas from Liquid Agroindustrial Wastes Derived from Banana and Coffee Processing....Pages 488-493 A Simple, Rapid and Accurate Method for Determination of Carbon Dioxide in Biogas....Pages 494-497 Assessment of Anaerobically Digested Slurry as a Fertilizer and Soil Conditioner....Pages 499-519 Front Matter....Pages 177-177 Repeated Application of Anaerobically Digested Slurry and its Effect on the Yield and NPK Uptake of Wheat, Turnips and Onion Plants....Pages 520-528 Biogas Manure as a Complete Fertilizer, Feasibility for Egyptian Farmers....Pages 529-550 Health Risks Associated with the Use of Biogas Slurry: An Introductory Note....Pages 552-553 Incidence, Persistence, and Control of Parasitic Eggs and Cysts in Anaerobically Digested Wastes....Pages 554-560 Incidence, Persistence, and Control of some Pathogens During Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Wastes....Pages 561-569 Survival of Pathogens and Parasites During the Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Wastes....Pages 570-576 Front Matter....Pages 577-577 Development and Application of Biogas Technology for Rural Areas of Egypt....Pages 578-588 Biogas Production From Kitchen Refuses of Army Camps of Egypt Using a two Stage Biogas Digester....Pages 589-599 An Integrated Renewable Energy System....Pages 600-603 Biogas Technology for Water Pumping in Botswana....Pages 604-604 Report of Burkina Faso to Conference....Pages 605-607 Biogas Plant in Ivory Coast....Pages 608-608 Biogas from Biomass for a Kenya Farm Service Center....Pages 609-616 Mectat’s Experience in the Transfer of Biogas Technology....Pages 617-622 The Production and Use of Biogas: at the “Laboratoire D’energie Solaire” (LESO) in Bamako, Mali....Pages 623-625 Biogas in Morocco....Pages 626-631 Biogas Activities in Sudan....Pages 632-636 Biomass and Biogas in Tunisia A Summary Presentation....Pages 637-637 Uganda Biogas Project....Pages 638-640 The Experience of the Development and Research of Biogas Technology in the Rural Areas of China....Pages 641-660 Front Matter....Pages 577-577 The Biogas Program in India....Pages 661-664 Summary of the Nepal Biogas Program....Pages 665-668 Biogas Technology Development and Diffusion: The Philippine Experience....Pages 669-686 Biogas Technology: Research, Development, and Diffusion Projects in Sri Lanka....Pages 687-690 Biogas Program of Thailand....Pages 691-694 Problems Concerning Biogas Production at Farm Level in Italy....Pages 695-703 Anaerobic Digestion in Portugal....Pages 704-705 EMBRAPA’s Food-Feed-Bioenergy Production Systems....Pages 706-711 Biogas Technology in Costa Rica: Its Development....Pages 712-713 Jamaica Country Paper....Pages 714-717 Back Matter....Pages 719-720