Biodiversity-Health-Sustainability Nexus in Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS) (Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review)

This is an open access book. It is a compilation of case studies that provide useful knowledge and lessons that derive from on-the-ground activities and contribute to policy recommendations, focusing on the interlinkages between biodiversity and multiple dimensions of health (e.g., physical, mental, and spiritual) in managing socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS). This book provides insights on how SEPLS approaches can contribute to more sustainable management of natural resources, achieving global biodiversity and sustainable development goals, and good health for all. It is also expected to offer useful knowledge and information for an upcoming three-year thematic assessment of “the interlinkages among biodiversity, water, food, and health” (the so-called “nexus assessment”) by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). The book begins with an introductory chapter followed by eleven case study chapters demonstrating the nexus between biodiversity, health, and sustainable development, and then a synthesis chapter clarifying the relevance of the case study findings to policy and academic discussions. It will be of interest to scholars, policymakers, and professionals in the field related to sustainable development. Foreword 1 Foreword 2 Preface References Contents Editors and Authors Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Biodiversity-Health-Sustainability Nexus 2 Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes and Nexus Approaches 3 Objectives and Structure of the Book References Chapter 2: Human-Nature Cooperation for Well-Being: Community Understanding on One Health Approach in the COVID-19 Era in the ... 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 SEPLS Management: Challenges, Community Response, and Health Outcomes 4 State of the Forest and Impacts of COVID-19 on TRUs 4.1 State of the Forest 4.2 Impact of COVID-19 and Supercyclone Amphan on Traditional Resource Users (TRUs) 4.3 Disruption in the Ecosystem 4.4 Policy Regime and Response to COVID Impacts 5 Community Conceptualisation of the ``One Health ́ ́ Approach in the Sundarbans 6 Human Contribution to Nature 6.1 Promotion of Customary Sustainable Practices and Traditional Knowledge 6.2 Innovations in Livelihood Options and Biodiverse Adaptation 7 Modified ``One Health ́ ́ Approach: A Policy Perspective for the Post-2020 Biodiversity Framework 8 Conclusions References Chapter 3: Linking Biocultural Memory Conservation and Human Well-Being in Indigenous Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes i... 1 Introduction 1.1 Current Situation of the Original People of Colombia and the Wounaan-Nonam Indigenous Communities 1.2 Study Area: Indigenous Reservations of Puerto Pizario and Santa Rosa de Guayacn Indigenous Reservation of Puerto Pizario Humanitarian and Biodiverse Indigenous Reservation of Santa Rosa de Guayacn 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Cosmovision and Relationship with Nature of Wounaan-Nonam Indigenous Communities 3.2 Latent Threats to the Biocultural Memory of Wounaan-Nonam Original People 3.3 Implemented Actions for the Conservation of Biocultural Memory in Indigenous Protected Areas of the Wounaan-Nonam 4 Key Aspects of Biocultural Memory Conservation and Relationship with Health and Human Welfare 5 Conclusions and Lessons Learned References Laws and Regulations Chapter 4: SEPLS Well-Being as a Vision: Co-managing for Diversity, Connectivity, and Adaptive Capacity in Xinshe Village, Hua... 1 Introduction 1.1 Defining SEPLS Well-Being 1.2 Background: Xinshe Eco-Agriculture Initiative 1.3 Rationale: The Xinshe SEPLS Well-Being as a Midterm Vision 2 Methods 2.1 The 5R Conceptual Framework 2.2 Resilience Assessment Workshops 2.3 Resilience Assessment as the Xinshe SEPLS Health Check 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Risks and Resources of the Xinshe SEPLS Ecosystem Health and Connectivity Sustainable Resource Use Traditions and Innovation Multi-stakeholder Governance Sustainable Livelihoods 3.2 Resilience: Supporting Elements for the Xinshe SEPLS Well-Being 3.3 Adaptive Co-management for the Xinshe SEPLS Well-Being in the Midterm Phase (2021-2026) 4 Lessons Learned and Conclusions Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D References Chapter 5: ``To Take Care of the Land Means Taking Care of Ourselves ́ ́: Local Perceptions on Human and Environmental Health in... 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 3.1 Indicators of Resilience 3.2 Local Strategies for Resilience 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Chapter 6: Community ``Bio-Rights ́ ́ in Augmenting Health and Climate Resilience of a Socio-Ecological Production Landscape in ... 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Intervention Area 2.2 Geospatial Mapping 2.3 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Assessments 2.4 Production Analysis 2.5 Sociometric Indexing 2.6 Attitude Scaling 3 Results and Outputs 3.1 Urban Encroachments and LUP-LC Changes 3.2 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services 3.3 Vulnerability and Sustainability Factors 3.4 Bio-Rights: Impact Assessment 3.5 Assessment Studies During the Pandemic Crisis 4 Outcomes and Impacts 5 Recommendations for a Framework References Chapter 7: Effective Water Management for Landscape Management in the Siem Reap Catchment, Cambodia 1 Introduction 2 Background and Methods 2.1 The Angkor World Heritage Site and Its Significance 2.2 Angkor Park Management Projects 2.3 Assessing the Impacts of Existing Management and Future Opportunities Data Collection Data Analysis Methods Limitations 3 Results 3.1 Understanding the Impacts of Water Management in Angkor Park 3.2 Understanding the Broader Socio-Economic Production Landscape Forest Uses Water and Climate Health Impacts Associated with Landscape Change Connections Between Upper Catchment and the Park Prospects for the Future 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Chapter 8: Are the Skiing Industry, Globalisation, and Urbanisation of Alpine Landscapes Threatening Human Health and Ecosyste... 1 Introduction 1.1 Geographical Information 1.2 Human-Nature Interaction 1.3 Health-Related Issues of Livelihood 2 Description of Activities and Methods 2.1 The Environmental Education Centre 2.2 Analysing Land-Use Change from Historical Maps and Land Cover Types 2.3 Interviews 3 Results 3.1 Land-Use Change 3.2 Interviews on Health Issues 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Interview on Galtür and Health Appendix 3 Interview on Ischgl and Health References Chapter 9: Promoting Local Health Traditions and Local Food Baskets: A Case Study from a Biocultural Hotspot of India 1 Context 2 About the Intervention Site 3 The Intervention 4 Key Results 4.1 Formation and Capacity-Building of Women ́s Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and Farmers ́ Forums 4.2 Collection, Conservation, and Cultivation of Medicinal Plants 4.3 Cultivation, Validation, Value Addition, and Marketing of Medicinal Rice 4.4 Collection, Conservation, and Consumption of Wild Food Plants 4.5 Enriching the Local Food Baskets by Promoting Home Nutrition Gardens and Wild Food Plants 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Chapter 10: Safeguarding the Biodiversity Associated with Local Foodways in Traditionally Managed Socio-Ecological Production ... 1 Introduction 1.1 Changing Diets and the Double Burden of Disease 1.2 Interventions by a Multi-stakeholder, Multidisciplinary Team 2 Activities (Methods) 2.1 The Foodways Documentation Method Documentation by Community Members Foodways Documentation by Schools Follow-Up Development and Conservation Activities 3 Cases Studies 3.1 Case Study 1: African Leafy Vegetables (ALVs) Research and Promotion Phase I Phase II Post-Phase II Years and the Impact of the ALV Promotion 3.2 Case Study 2: Bottle Gourd (Kitete) Conservation 3.3 Case Study 3: Introducing Modern Technology to Educate Consumers on Diversifying Diet with Local Foods-The ADD-IT System 4 Discussion 4.1 COVID-19 Effects 5 Conclusion References Chapter 11: Multi-stakeholder Approach to Conserving Agricultural Biodiversity and Enhancing Food Security and Community Healt... 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Multi-stakeholder Approach 2.2 Data Collection and Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Changes in Agricultural Practices 3.2 Impact of COVID-19 4 Challenges and Opportunities 4.1 Challenges 4.2 Opportunities 5 Conclusion References Chapter 12: Reducing Commodity-Driven Biodiversity Loss: The Case of Pesticide Use and Impacts on Socio-Ecological Production ... 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Study Population and Sampling Method 2.3 Data Collection 2.4 Data Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents 3.2 Farmers ́ Level of Dependency on Pesticides 3.3 Use of Unapproved Pesticides 3.4 Farmer ́s Perception of the Impacts of Pesticides 3.5 Effects and Benefits of Alternatives (IPM and Organic Pesticides) on Protected Areas and the Environment 3.6 Gender and COVID-19-Related Issues 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Chapter 13: Synthesis: Concept, Methodologies, and Strategies to Address the Nexus in SEPLS 1 How Can We Conceptualise the Nexus Between Biodiversity, Health, and Sustainable Development in the Context of SEPLS Managem... 1.1 Human Health and Healthy Environment Health and Sustainable Development 1.2 What Does the Nexus Approach Mean in the SEPLS Context? 2 Measuring, Evaluating, and Monitoring the Effectiveness of SEPLS Management with Regard to Ecosystem and Human Health 2.1 Approaches for Monitoring the Biodiversity-Health-Sustainability Nexus in SEPLS 2.2 Tools and Indicators for M&E 2.3 What Are the Major Challenges in SEPLS M&E? 2.4 What Are the Opportunities that Can Be Galvanised? 3 How Can We Address the Challenges and Seize the Opportunities to Manage the Nexus in SEPLS? 3.1 Types of Trade-Offs Ecosystem Services Stakeholders Human Well-Being Components Management Goals 3.2 Ways Forward Identifying Problems and Solutions Motivating Multiple Actors Governing Multiple Actions 4 Conclusion References