Biodeterioration Research 2: "General Biodeterioration, Degradation, Mycotoxins, Biotoxins, And Wood Decay"

The present volume contains the majority of the papers presented at the Second Pan-American Biodeterioration Society Meeting held at The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA, on July 28, 29, 30, and 31, 1988. The sponsors for this symposium included The George Washington University, The Smithsonian Institution, The Virginia Department of Health, The University of Connecticut, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Atlanta University, Ball State University, the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, the Agriculture Research Service/U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the University of Georgia. The program was organized by members of the Program and Planning Committee. They invited leading scientists in specific topic areas and accepted contributed papers from individuals and laboratories actively involved in relevant areas of research and study. The participation of established scientists was encouraged. The Society (PABS) undertook to ensure that the program reflected current developments, informed reviews, embryonic and developing areas, and critical assessment for several aspects of the present state of knowledge as it relates to the major sections of the proceedings. Obviously, not all aspects of biodeterioration or biodegradation are represented. Front Matter....Pages i-xx Biodeterioration: Its Role In Economics, Agriculture, Human Health, Ecology, and Conservation....Pages 1-2 Front Matter....Pages 3-6 Public Concerns Regarding Applications of Biotechnologies....Pages 7-17 Survival of Archaeological Textiles in an Arctic Environment....Pages 19-38 Biological Corrosion and Biofilm Effects on Metal Biodeterioration....Pages 39-50 A Study of Al°, Zn°, Sn°, V°, Ti°, Co°, Cu°, Ni° or Fe° as Sole Electron Sources for Methanogenesis, and the Effects of Organotins on Methanogenic Bacteria....Pages 51-60 Control of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Hydrocarbon Fuel Tanks....Pages 61-66 Effect of Toxicants on Chitin Decomposition....Pages 67-73 Differential Mode of Chitinase Hydrolysis of Chitin and Chitan....Pages 75-80 Biodeterioration of Man-Made Textiles in Various Soil Environments....Pages 81-89 A Study of Hair Degradation in Agricultural Soil....Pages 91-98 The Long Term Effect of Vapona on Textiles: Preliminary Findings....Pages 99-115 Kinetics of Microbial Transformation of Organic Pollutants in Natural Aquatic Systems....Pages 117-130 Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Bacteria in Aquatic Systems: Effects of Nutrient Concentrations....Pages 131-138 Endotoxin Contamination and Immunological Analyses of Bulk Samples from a Mushroom Farm....Pages 139-150 Cardinal Temperatures for Germination and Other Factors Affecting the Germination of Rhizomucor Pusillus Sporangiospores....Pages 151-159 Use of a Mixed Microbial System in the Removal of Lead from Contaminated Water....Pages 161-174 Microbial Deterioration of Lamparosa ( Vomer Setapinnis ) Stored at 2°C....Pages 175-186 Front Matter....Pages 187-190 Importance of Mycotoxins in the Brewing Process....Pages 191-200 Health Impact of Mycotoxins in the Home and Workplace: An Overview....Pages 201-215 Preharvest Aflatoxin Contamination of Peanuts, Corn and Cottonseed: A Review....Pages 217-244 Front Matter....Pages 187-190 Survival of Aspergillus Flavus Conidia in Soil....Pages 245-250 Aflatoxin Occurrence in 1985–86 Corn from Venezuela and its Destruction by the Extrusion Process....Pages 251-259 Evaluation of Mycotoxin Production by Two Isolates of Aspergillus Flavus on Illicit Marihuana....Pages 261-273 Occurrence of Bright Greenish Yellow-Fluorescing Spots Associated with Aspergillus Flavus Infection in Fiber of the U.S. Cotton Crop of 1987....Pages 275-286 Responses of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta Americana (L.), to High Concentrations of Dietary Aflatoxin B 1 ....Pages 287-294 Field Testing for Mycotoxins Using the Spectrochrom Myco-Quick Kit ® and Others....Pages 295-300 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay of Aflatoxins B 1 , B 2 , and G 1 in Corn, Cottonseed, Peanuts, Peanut Butter, and Poultry Feed....Pages 301-311 Conversion of Aflatoxins to Bisulfite Adducts for Quantitation and Confirmation....Pages 313-335 Mycotoxins in North Carolina 1985 Crop Soybeans. I. Zearalenone and Deoxynivalenol in Soybeans and Soybean Meal....Pages 337-349 Mycotoxin Contamination in North Carolina 1985 Crop Soybeans. II. Toxigenicity of Fusarium Species Isolated from Contaminated Soybeans....Pages 351-362 Chlorella, Ustilago , and Trichoderma Biological Assay for Detection of Macrocyclic Trichothecenes....Pages 363-369 Acute Toxicity of Cyclopiazonic Acid in Selected Avian Species....Pages 371-381 Allelopathic Potential of Plant-Derived Macrocyclic Trichothecenes on Selected Crop Species....Pages 383-392 Temperature-Dependent Toxin Production by Stachybotrys Species ....Pages 393-400 A Survey for Mold Contaminated Marihuana in the Forensic Laboratory....Pages 401-411 Studies on Equine Leucoencephalomalacia....Pages 413-420 Altered Differential Leukocyte Counts Induced by Acute and Chronic Administration of Trichothecene T-2 Toxin or Aflatoxin B 1 ....Pages 421-428 Front Matter....Pages 429-433 Dynamics of Decay in Trees and Timber....Pages 435-450 In Vitro Growth of Coriolus Versicolor , a Wood-Decay Fungus, Responds Differentially to Catechol and Tannic Acid....Pages 451-464 Decomposition of Wood by Brown-Rot Fungi....Pages 465-484 Front Matter....Pages 429-433 Manganese as a Probe of Fungal Degradation of Wood....Pages 485-496 Oxygen Free Radical Detection in Wood Colonized by the Brown-Rot Fungus, Postia Placenta ....Pages 497-509 Effect of Brown-Rot Fungi on Cellulose....Pages 511-525 Guayule Resin as a Protectant for Wood Against Attack by Various Marine and Terrestrial Wood-Destroying Organisms....Pages 527-532 Bacteria, Fungi and Endotoxin in Stored Timber Logs and Airborne Sawdust in Poland....Pages 533-547 Ultrastructure and Amino Acid/Protein Contents of Pinus Strobus Needles: A Potential Monitor for Ozone (O 3 )....Pages 549-570 An Ultrastructural Analysis of Spruce Budworm-Promoted Defoliation in Abies Balsamea ....Pages 571-582 Time of Fertilization in Pinus Taeda L. (Loblolly Pine)....Pages 583-595 Front Matter....Pages 597-600 Structure of “Sensory” Nerves and Serotonin-Like Immunofluorescent Activity in Schistosoma Mansoni Miracidia and Cercariae....Pages 601-626 Biomphalaria Glabrata , A Continuing Environmental Biodeteriogen: Alterations in the Levels of Some Hydrolases Following Schistosoma Mansoni Infection. 1. Phosphatases and N-Acetyl-Beta-D-Glucosaminidase....Pages 627-637 Cilia Polymorphism among Schistosome Snail Hosts as Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy....Pages 639-659 Surface Ultrastructural Changes in the Tegument of Cysticercus Fasciolaris and Schistosoma Mansoni Following In Vitro Low Doses of the Antihelminthic Drug, Oltipraz....Pages 661-682 Back Matter....Pages 683-697