Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers: Proceedings of the Third International Scientific Workshop on Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers, Osaka, Japan, November 9-11, 1993 (ISSN)

In the past 25 years, plastic products have gained universal use not only in food, clothing and shelter, but also in the transportation, construction, medical and leisure industries. Whereas previously synthetic plastics were developed as durable substitute products, increasing concern for the global environment and solid waste management has resulted in an urgent demand for biodegradable plastics. The main topics of the Third International Scientific Workshop were as follows: Biodegradation of polymers and plastics; Environmental degradation of plastics; Synthesis and properties of new biodegradable plastic materials; Biodegradation and morphologies of polymer blends; Development of biodegradation test methods; and Governmental policy, regulation and standards Content: Studies in Polymer Science Page ii Front Matter Page iii Copyright page Page iv Foreword Page v Kishimoto Yasunobu Preface Pages vii-viii Fukuda Kazuhiko, Doi Yoshiharu Organizing Committee Page ix Similarities and Differences Between Biodegradation and Non-Enzymatic Degradation Pages 3-10 S.J. Huang, L.-H. Ho, M.T. Huang, M.F. Koenig, J.A. Cameron The complexity of the biodegradation of poly(2-hydroxy acid)-type aliphatic polyesters Pages 11-23 M. Vert, A. Torres, S.M. Li, S. Roussos, H. Garreau Biodegradation of polyethers and polyacrylate Pages 24-38 Fusako Kawai Biodegradation of Biosynthetic and Chemosynthetic Polyhydroxyalkanoates Pages 39-51 Yoshiham Doi, Katsuyuki Mukai, Kenichi Kasuya, Kenji Yamada Purification and characterization of extracellular poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerases Pages 52-64 T. Saito, M. Shiraki, T. Shimada, M. Tatsumichi Monitoring of Polymer Biodegradabilities in the Environment by a DNA Probe Method Pages 65-76 H. Yukawa, Y. Uchida, K. Kohama, Y. Kurusu Environmental Biodegradation of Hydrocarbon Polymers: Initiation and Control Pages 79-91 Gerald Scott Effects of soil conditions on biodegradation of plastics and responsible microorganisms Pages 92-106 M. Kimura, K. Toyota, M. Iwatsuki, H. Sawada Bacterial synthesis of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates with functionalized side chains Pages 109-119 R.W. Lenz, R.C. Fuller, C. Scholz, F. Touraud Properties and Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Pages 120-135 M K COX Plastid Targeting of the Enzymes Required for the Production of Polyhydroxybutyrate in Higher Plants. Pages 136-149 C. Nawrath, Y. Poirier, C.R. Somerville “bionolle” biodegradable plastic through chemical synthesis Pages 150-174 E. Takiyama, T. Fujimaki Biodegradable Plasticizers: Miscible Blends of Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate) with Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Poly(ethylene glycol) Pages 177-189 M. Gada, R.A. Gross, S.P. McCarthy Enzymatic Degradation of Polymer Blends Pages 190-199 Y. Tokiwa , A. Iwamoto Starch/Vinyl-Alcohol Copolymer Interactions Pages 200-213 C. Bastioli, V. Bellotti, M. Camia, L. Del Giudice, A. Rallis Strategy for biodegradability testing in OECD Pages 217-227 M. Kitano, Y. Yakabe Expectations for Biodegradation Testing Methods Pages 228-236 Graham Swift The Development and Modification of some Special Test Methods and the Progress in Standardisation of Test Methods in Germany Pages 237-249 R.-J. Müller, J. Augusta, T. Walter, H. Widdecke Perspectives on Standard Test Methods for Biodegradable Plastics Pages 250-258 Richard P. Wool Impact of Governmental Policies, Regulations, and Standards Activities on an Emerging Biodegradable Plastics Industry Pages 261-272 Ramani Narayan Status of government policy, regulation and standards on the issue of biodegradable plastic materials in Italy Pages 273-285 E. Chiellini Current Status of Biodegradable Plastics in Korea : Research, Commercial Production and Government Policy Pages 286-297 Ho Nam Chang, Yeon Chul Kim, Sang Yup Lee, Beom Soo Kim Field Testing of Biodegradable Plastics Pages 298-312 Hideo Sawada Governmental Policy, Regulations and Standards Pages 313-320 ANN-CHRISTINE ALBERTSSON, R.H. MARCHESSAULT Standard test methods for polymer biodegradation in solid waste treatment systems Pages 323-330 L. De Baere, B. De Wilde, R. Tillinger Evaluation of biodegradability of biodegradable plastics in activated sludge Pages 331-336 Y. Yakabe, M. Kitano A Study on Methods of Testing Biodegradable Plastics in Soil: Aerobic and Anaerobic Gas Evolution Test; Petri Dish Test in Various Soils Pages 337-344 Hiroshi Eya, Naoko Iwaki, Yukie Otsuji A simple method for detection of polymeric degrading microorganisms on agar plates Pages 345-350 Masao Tsuji, Yukie Omoda An extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase from the activated sludge Pages 351-356 M. Shiraki, M. Tatsumichi, T. Shimada, T. Saito Cloning and Nucleotide Sequencing of The Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Depolymerase Gene From Pseudomonas pickettii Pages 357-361 Y. Kurusu, K. Kohama, Y. Uchida, T. Saito, H. Yukawa ‘BIOPOL’ PROPERTIES AND PROCESSING Pages 362-364 Katsuhiko Tsuchikura Control of Molecular Weight Distribution and Mole Fraction in Poly(-D(−)-3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) Production by Alcaligenes eutrophus Pages 365-372 Hiroshi SHIMIZU, Shinji TAMURA, Yoshiyuki ISHIHARA, Suteaki SHIOYA, Ken-ichi SUGA Production of copolyesters from organic acids by mutant strains of Alcaligenes eutrophus Pages 373-378 Shiro Kitamura, Yoshiharu Doi A New Kinetic Model for the Accumulation of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate in Alcaligenes eutrophus : Granule Formation and Granule Growth Pages 379-386 Jenci Kurja, Gertjan M. de Koning, Hennie F. Zirkzee, Ian A. Maxwell Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by photosynthetic microorganisms Pages 387-393 Taro Suzuki, Aatoly A.Tsygankov, Masato Miyake, Jun Miyake, Yutaka Tokiwa, Yasuo Asada Biosynthesis and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -4-hydroxybutyrate) by Comamonas acidvorans Pages 394-399 Yuji Saito, Yoshiharu Doi Isolation and Characterization of Pseudomonas putida BM01 Accumulating High Amount of PHA MCL Pages 400-409 Sung Chul Yoon, Jae Jun Song, Tae Un Kim Biosynthesis and Characterization of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyhexanoate) from oils and fats by Aeromonas sp.OL-338 and Aeromonas sp.FA-440 Pages 410-416 Genta Kobayashi, Takeshi Shiotani, Yu Shima, Yoshiharu Doi Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from plant oils by Alcaligenes sp. Pages 417-424 Mohd Isa Abd Majid, Katsutoshi Hori, Minoru Akiyama, Yoshiharu Doi Biosynthesis of Poly(γ-glutamic acid) in Bacillus subtilis IFO3335 and Crosslinking Reaction by γ-Irradiation of Poly(γ-glutamic acid). Pages 425-432 Masao Kunioka Studies on Biodegradability of low density polyethylene (LDPE) to Which a Biodegradation inducing Agent has been Added Pages 433-436 Yoshito Ohtake, Tomoko Kobayashi, Shigeki Itoh, Hitoshi Asabe, Masuo Yabuki, Katsumichi Ono Development of Polycaprolactone/Gelatinized Starch Blends and Their Enzymatic Degradation Pages 437-442 S. Takagi, M. Koyama, H. Kameyama, Y. Tokiwa Properties and Applications of “Mater-Bi” Pages 443-450 Y. Yoshida, T. Uemura New application of cellulose and chitosan for biodegradable polymer material Pages 451-458 R. Kitagawa, M. Nishiyama, J. Hosokawa, T. Kubo, K. Yoshihara, T. Endo, H. Kabeya Development of Biodegradable Material for Loose Fill Packaging Pages 459-463 Mitsuo Nagai, Yoshinori Tokugawa, Fumiaki Tsuda, Hiroshi Iwasaki Biodegradable Star-Shaped Poly- L -Lactide Pages 464-469 S.H. Kim, Y.H. Kim Cellular Response to Phagocytized Particles of Poly-L-Lactic Acid Pages 470-478 D.F. Gibbons, J.E. Gysbers, K.H. Kato, P.J. Parks L-Lactic Acid Production by a CSTR with Cross-Flow Membrane Filter on Pilot Scale Pages 479-485 H. Ohara Purification Process of L-Lactic Acid for Bio-Degradable Poly-L-Lactate Pages 486-491 H. Ohara, S. Sawa Recycle of Polylactide in Natural Circumstances-Mechanism of Degradation- Pages 492-497 Eiichi Ozeki, Yasuhiro Fujii Synthesis of copolyester containing poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(ε-caprolactone) units, and its biodegradability Pages 498-504 Hae Sang Jun, Bong Oh Kim, Yeon Chul Kim, Ho Nam Chang, Seong Ihl Woo An attempt to make poly (vinyl acetate) biodegradable Pages 505-510 Nariyoshi Kawabata, Teruya Kurooka Synthesis and biodegradability of polyesters based on 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitols and succinic acid derivatives Pages 511-518 Masahiko Okada, Keigo Aoi, Sae Shimizu, Yasunari Okada Studies of the Hydrolytic Degradation of Some Aliphatic Polyesters Pages 519-527 J.V. Seppälä, R.M.H. Malin Synthesis of polydepsipeptide with pendant carboxylic acid groups and its hydrolysis behavior Pages 528-533 T. Ouchi, Y. Okamoto, M. Shiratani, M. Hirao, M. Jinno, Y. Ohya Tailor-making of multimeric poly(β-malic acid) derivatives : property adjustment through ester pendant groups Pages 534-540 S. CAMMAS, M.A. LEBOUCHER, I. RENARD, K. BOUTAULT, Ph. GUERIN Biodegradation of optically active new-polyesters Pages 541-548 H. Shiraharaa, H. Yasuda Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Optically Active β-Butyrolactone with Several Lactones: Synthesis of New Biodegradable Polyesters Pages 549-556 Yoji Hori, Yoko Takahashi, Akio Yamaguchi, Takao Nishishita Biodegradability of Poly( L / DL -Lactide-co- DL - β -Methyl-δ-valeroiactone) Pages 557-561 Atsuyoshi NAKAYAMA, Norioki KAWASAKI, Ioannis ARVANITOYANNIS, Noboru YAMAMOTO Novel biodegradable copolyamides based on adipic acid, 1,6 hexane diamine and aminoacids : synthesis and study of properties; Part 1 Pages 562-569 I. Arvanitoyannis, E. Nikolaou, N. Yamamoto Polytransesterification of C 4 -diacids and 1,4-butanediol with various lipases in organic solvent Pages 570-576 Y.-Y. Linko, Z.-L. Wang, J. Seppälä Physical Properties and Processabilities of Biodegradable Plastics “BIONOLLE” Pages 577-583 Y. Yokota, R. Ishioka, Y. Moteki, N. Watanabe Biodegradation of BIONOLLE Pages 584-590 M. Nishioka, T. Tuzuki, Y. Wanajyo, H. Oonami, T. Horiuchi Morphology and enzymatic degradation of poly[( R )-3-hydroxybutyrate] plasticized with acylglycerols Pages 591-595 Hideki Abe, Yoshiharu Doi, Michael M. Satkowski, Isao Noda Synthesis of Dimethyl Succinate Using Carbon Monoxide and Its Application to Biodegradable Polymers Pages 596-600 Ikuo Takahashi, Kenji Koumoto, Akio Matsuda, Takashi Masuda Biodegradation and Composting Studies of Polymeric Materials Pages 601-609 Steven Bloembergen, Julie David, David Geyer, Amy Gustafson, Joe Snook, Ramani Narayan List of Contributors Pages 611-622 Subject Index Pages 623-627 In the past 25 years, plastic products have gained universal use not only in food, clothing and shelter, but also in the transportation, construction, medical and leisure industries. Whereas previously synthetic plastics were developed as durable substitute products, increasing concern for the global environment and solid waste management has resulted in an urgent demand for biodegradable plastics.The main topics of the Third International Scientific Workshop were as follows:1. Biodegradation of polymers and plastics2. Environmental degradation of plastics3. Synthesis and properties of new biodegradable plastic materials4. Biodegradation and morphologies of polymer blends5. Development of biodegradation test methods6. Governmental policy, regulation and standards. In the past 25 years, plastic products have gained universal use not only in food, clothing and shelter, but also in the transportation, construction, medical and leisure industries. Whereas previously synthetic plastics were developed as durable substitute products, increasing concern for the global environment and solid waste management has resulted in an urgent demand for biodegradable plastics. The main topics of the Third International Scientific Workshop were as follows:1. Biodegradation of polymers and plastics2. Environmental degradation of plastics3. Synthesis and properties of new biodegradable plastic materials4. Biodegradation and morphologies of polymer blends5. Development of biodegradation test methods6. Governmental policy, regulation and standards