Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolism (Annual Plant Reviews, Volume 40, Second Edition)

This brand new Annual Plant Reviews volume is the second edition of the highly successful and well-received Annual Plant Reviews, Volume 2. This exciting new volume provides an up-to-date survey of the biochemistry and physiology of plant secondary metabolism. The volume commences with an overview of the biochemistry, physiology and function of secondary metabolism, followed by detailed reviews of the major groups of secondary metabolites: alkaloids and betalains, cyanogenic glucosides, glucosinolates and nonprotein amino acids, phenyl propanoids and related phenolics, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and saponins. A final chapter discusses the evolution of secondary metabolism. This carefully compiled new edition brings together chapters from some of the world's leading experts in plant secondary metabolism. Completely revised and brought right up to date with much new information, this volume is an essential purchase for advanced students, researchers and professionals in biochemistry, physiology, molecular biology, genetics, plant sciences, agriculture, medicine, pharmacology and pharmacy, working in the academic and industrial sectors, including those working in the pesticide and pharmaceutical industries. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught will need copies of this excellent volume on their shelves. A companion volume Annual Plant Reviews Volume 39, Functions and Biotechnology of Plant Secondary Metabolites, Second Edition, Edited by M. Wink, is also available. ANNUAL PLANT REVIEWS VOLUME 40 5 CONTENTS 9 Contributors 12 Preface 15 1 Introduction: biochemistry, physiology and ecological functions of secondary metabolites 19 1.1 Introduction 19 1.2 Biosynthesis 20 1.3 Transport, storage and turnover 27 1.4 Costs of secondary metabolism 31 1.5 Ecological role of secondary metabolites 32 References 35 2 Biosynthesis of alkaloids and betalains 38 2.1 Introduction 38 2.2 Nicotine and tropane alkaloids 41 2.3 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) 51 2.4 Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids 53 2.5 Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIA) 64 2.6 Ergot alkaloids 74 2.7 Acridone alkaloid biosynthesis 78 2.8 Purine alkaloids 79 2.9 Taxol 80 2.10 Betalains 84 2.11 Conclusions 93 References 93 3 Biosynthesis of cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates and non-protein amino acids 110 3.1 Introduction 111 3.2 Cyanogenic glycosides 112 3.3 Glucosinolates 146 3.4 Non-protein amino acids 164 Acknowledgements 175 References 175 4 Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and related compounds 200 4.1 Introduction 200 4.2 General phenylpropanoid pathway and formation of hydroxycinnamate conjugates 201 4.3 Coumarins 215 4.4 Lignans 227 4.5 Gallotannins and ellagitannins 241 4.6 Conclusion 247 References 248 5 Biochemistry of terpenoids: monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes 276 5.1 Introduction 277 5.2 Function 278 5.3 Biosynthesis 281 5.4 Conclusions 303 References 304 6 Biochemistry of sterols, cardiac glycosides, brassinosteroids, phytoecdysteroids and steroid saponins 322 6.1 Introduction 323 6.2 Sterols 326 6.3 Cardiac glycosides 337 6.4 Brassinosteroids 354 6.5 Phytoecdysteroids 359 6.6 Steroid saponins and steroid alkaloids 361 6.7 Conclusions 365 References 366 7 Chemotaxonomy seen from a phylogenetic perspective and evolution of secondary metabolism 382 7.1 Introduction 383 7.2 Establishment of chemotaxonomy as a research discipline 383 7.3 Developments in small molecule chemotaxonomy over the past 35 years 416 7.4 Molecular biology and plant taxonomy 418 7.5 Comparison between patterns of secondary metabolites and molecular phylogeny 419 7.6 Evolution of plant secondary metabolism 442 Acknowledgements 462 References 462 Index 470 Color plate can be found between pages 368 and 369. 387 1405183977,9781405183970

This brand new Annual Plant Reviews volume is the second edition of the highly successful and well-received Annual Plant Reviews, Volume 2.

This exciting new volume provides an up-to-date survey of the biochemistry and physiology of plant secondary metabolism. The volume commences with an overview of the biochemistry, physiology and function of secondary metabolism, followed by detailed reviews of the major groups of secondary metabolites: alkaloids and betalains, cyanogenic glucosides, glucosinolates and nonprotein amino acids, phenyl propanoids and related phenolics, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and saponins. A final chapter discusses the evolution of secondary metabolism.

This carefully compiled new edition brings together chapters from some of the world's leading experts in plant secondary metabolism. Completely revised and brought right up-to-date with much new information, this volume is an essential purchase for advanced students, researchers and professionals in biochemistry, physiology, molecular biology, genetics, plant sciences, agriculture, medicine, pharmacology and pharmacy, working in the academic and industrial sectors, including those working in the pesticide and pharmaceutical industries. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught will need copies of this excellent volume on their shelves.

A companion volume Annual Plant Reviews Volume 39, Functions and Biotechnology of Plant Secondary Metabolites, Second Edition, Edited by M. Wink, is also available.

"This new edition of Volume 2 of this series commences with an overview of the biochemistry, physiology, functions and utilisation of plant secondary metabolites, followed by detailed surveys of alkaloids and betalains, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates and non-protein amino acids, phenyl propanoids and related compounds, and terpenoids (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sterols, cardiac glycosides and steroid saponins). A chapter is also included covering the importance of secondary metabolites in taxonomy, as viewed from the perspective of molecular systematics." --NHBS Environment Bookstore.