Bioavailability of Organic Chemicals in Soil and Sediment (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 100)

This book discusses bioavailability concepts and methods, summarizing the current knowledge on bioavailability science, as well as possible pathways for integrating bioavailability into risk assessment and the regulation of organic chemicals. Divided into 5 parts, it begins with an overview of chemical distribution in soil and sediment, as well as the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of chemicals in plants, soil, invertebrates and vertebrates (including humans). It then focuses on the impact of sorption processes and reviews bioavailability measurement methods. The closing chapters discuss the impact of bioavailability studies on chemical risk assessment, and highlights further research needs. Written by a multi-disciplinary team of authors, it is an essential resource for scientists in academia and industry, students, as well as for authorities. Front Matter ....Pages i-x Introduction Setting of the Scene, Definitions, and Guide to Volume (Jose J. Ortega-Calvo, John R. Parsons)....Pages 1-4 Front Matter ....Pages 5-5 Importance of Soil Properties and Processes on Bioavailability of Organic Compounds (Joseph J. Pignatello, Sara L. Nason)....Pages 7-41 Sorption of Polar and Ionogenic Organic Chemicals (Steven T. J. Droge)....Pages 43-80 Environmental Fate Assessment of Chemicals and the Formation of Biogenic Non-extractable Residues (bioNER) (Karolina M. Nowak, Anja Miltner, Matthias Kästner)....Pages 81-111 Impact of Sorption to Dissolved Organic Matter on the Bioavailability of Organic Chemicals (John R. Parsons)....Pages 113-128 Front Matter ....Pages 129-129 Measuring and Modelling the Plant Uptake and Accumulation of Synthetic Organic Chemicals: With a Focus on Pesticides and Root Uptake (Benjamin M. Jones, Chris D. Collins)....Pages 131-147 Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Organic Chemicals in Terrestrial Invertebrates (M. Nazaret González-Alcaraz, Catarina Malheiro, Diogo N. Cardoso, Marija Prodana, Rui G. Morgado, Cornelis A. M. van Gestel et al.)....Pages 149-189 Assessment of the Oral Bioavailability of Organic Contaminants in Humans (M. A. A. Wijayawardena, Y. Liu, K. Yan, L. Duan, A. C. Umeh, R. Naidu et al.)....Pages 191-218 Front Matter ....Pages 219-219 Carbon Amendments and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (Sebastian Abel, Inna Nybom, Jarkko Akkanen)....Pages 221-241 Why Biodegradable Chemicals Persist in the Environment? A Look at Bioavailability (Jose J. Ortega-Calvo, Felix Stibany, Kirk T. Semple, Andreas Schaeffer, John R. Parsons, Kilian E. C. Smith)....Pages 243-265 Bioavailability as a Microbial System Property: Lessons Learned from Biodegradation in the Mycosphere (Lukas Y. Wick)....Pages 267-289 Front Matter ....Pages 291-291 Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Soil and Associated Desorption-Based Measurements (Anthony C. Umeh, Ravi Naidu, Olugbenga J. Owojori, Kirk T. Semple)....Pages 293-350 Passive Sampling for Determination of the Dissolved Concentrations and Chemical Activities of Organic Contaminants in Soil and Sediment Pore Waters (Kilian E. C. Smith)....Pages 351-368 Microbial, Plant, and Invertebrate Test Methods in Regulatory Soil Ecotoxicology (Jörg Römbke, Fabrice Martin-Laurent)....Pages 369-388 Front Matter ....Pages 389-389 Implementation of Bioavailability in Prospective and Retrospective Risk Assessment of Chemicals in Soils and Sediments (Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg)....Pages 391-422 Concluding Remarks and Research Needs (Jose J. Ortega-Calvo, John R. Parsons)....Pages 423-428