Bioactive Food As Dietary Interventions for Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease : Bioactive Foods in Chronic Disease States

Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease provides valuable insights for those seeking nutritional treatment options for those suffering from liver and/or related gastrointestinal disease including Crohn's, allergies, and colitis among others. Information is presented on a variety of foods including herbs, fruits, soy and olive oil. This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers in nutrition, nephrology, and gastroenterology. \* Addresses the most positive results from dietary interventions using bioactive foods to impact dis. Read more... Content: Front Cover; Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease; Copyright; Contents; Preface: Liver and Gastrointestinal Health; Contributors; Chapter 1: The Alkaline Way in Digestive Health; 1. Dietary Factors in Metabolism; 1.1. Profile: Metabolic Acidosis as a Major Cause of Chronic Disease; 1.1.1. Associated signs and symptoms; 1.1.1.1 Fatigue; 1.1.1.2 Osteopenia and osteoporosis; 1.1.2. Relevant evaluations; 1.1.2.1 Self-evaluation: Testing for pH; 1.1.2.2 Laboratory evaluation: Reducing immune reactivity; 1.1.3. Clinical interventions: the alkaline way. 1.1.3.1 Alkaline diet1.1.3.1.1. Enhancing immune defenses; 1.1.3.1.2. Buffering cellular chemistry; 1.1.3.2 Alkaline nutrients; 1.1.3.2.1. Buffering minerals; 1.1.3.2.2. Buffering fats; 1.1.4. Individual essential nutritional supplementation; 1.1.4.1 Antioxidants: Ascorbate to zinc; 1.1.4.2 B-complex vitamins to support methylation; 2. Glycemic Load as a Tool for Better Digestive andCardiovascular Management; 2.1. Associated Signs and Symptoms; 2.2. Self-evaluation; 2.2.1. Glycemic index: Older and less useful; 2.2.2. Glycemic load: Newer and more useful. 2.3. Intervention: Low to Moderate Glycemic Diet3. Native Whey-Based Meals and Gastrointestinal Health; 4. Food Allergies and Sensitivities; 4.1. Associated Signs and Symptoms; 4.1.1. The link between allergies and digestive competence; 4.1.2. Lactose intolerance; 4.1.3. Gluten or casein intolerance or sensitivity; 4.2. Evaluation: LRA by ELISA/ACT Tests; 4.3. Intervention: Hypoallergenic Diet; 5. The Role of Specific Nutrients in Digestive Health; 6. Conclusion; References; Relevant Websites; Chapter 2: Functional Assessment of Gastrointestinal Health; 1. Physiology of Digestion. 2. Clinical Issues in Digestive Health2.1. Profile: Dysbiosis; 2.1.1. Associated signs and symptoms; 2.1.2. Etiology; 2.1.2.1 Sidebar: initial probiotic research; 2.1.3 Intervention: probiotic supplementation; 2.1.3.1 Benefits of microflora; 2.1.3.1.1. Production of digestive enzymes by microflora; 2.1.3.1.2. Reduced lipid levels; 2.1.3.1.3. Inhibition of pathogens; 2.1.3.2 Probiotic dosage; 2.1.3.2.1. Preventive applications; 2.1.3.2.2. Therapeutic interventions; 2.1.3.2.3. Medical probiotics; 2.2. Profile: Hyperpermiability (Leaky Gut Syndrome); 2.2.1. Associated signs and symptoms. 2.2.2. Intervention: recycled glutamine supplementation2.3. Profile: Allergic Reactions as a Cause and Effect of Leaky Gut; 2.3.1. Hyperpermeability as a cause of reactivity; 2.3.2. Allergies as a cause of hyperpermeability; 2.4. Profile: Maldigestion and Enteropathy; 2.4.1. Comorbidities; 2.4.2. Cause and Consequences; 2.4.2.1 Low enzyme levels; 2.4.2.2 Poorly timed gastric emptying; 2.4.2.3 Surgical restructuring of the GI tract; 2.4.2.4 Malabsorption; 2.4.2.5 Enteropathy; 2.5. Transit Time; 2.5.1. Associated signs and symptoms; 2.5.1.1 Delayed transit time; 2.5.1.2 Rapid transit time. Abstract: Provides insights for those seeking nutritional treatment options for those suffering from liver and/or related gastrointestinal disease including Crohn's, allergies, and colitis among others. This book serves as a resource for researchers in nutrition, nephrology, and gastroenterology. It presents a range of liver and gastrointestinal diseases. Read more... Physiology of Digestion......Page 1 Profile: Dysbiosis......Page 2 Benefits of microflora......Page 3 Preventive applications......Page 4 Associated signs and symptoms......Page 5 Profile: Allergic Reactions as a Cause and Effect of Leaky Gut......Page 6 Allergies as a cause of hyperpermeability......Page 7 Poorly timed gastric emptying......Page 8 Delayed transit time......Page 9 Transit time test interpretation......Page 10 Exercise and physical activity......Page 11 References......Page 12 Relevant Websites......Page 13 Role of Antioxidant Carotenoids......Page 14 Alcoholic Liver Disease and Carotenoids......Page 15 Clinical Case-Control Studies......Page 16 Alcohol-induced increases of serum liver enzymes with carotenoids......Page 18 Cigarette Smoking Exacerbates Depletion of Serum Carotenoids Induced by Alcohol?......Page 19 Synergistic interaction of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking with serum carotenoids......Page 20 Differences among six carotenoids against oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking......Page 21 Nonalcoholic Liver Disease and Carotenoids......Page 22 Hyperglycemia-Induced Increases of Serum Liver Enzymes with Carotenoids......Page 23 Intervention Study......Page 26 Conclusions......Page 27 References......Page 28 Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Dietary Supply, Synthesis, and Need......Page 30 Animal Models for Early Life Programming Research......Page 32 Avian Model: A Unique Research Tool......Page 33 Early Exposure to n-3 PUFA and Tissue Retention in the Progeny......Page 35 Early Exposure to n-3 PUFA: In Ovo vs. Early Posthatch Access......Page 36 In Ovo Exposure of n-3 Fatty Acids: Effects on Eicosanoid Generation and Inflammatory Processes in Broiler Birds......Page 37 Research on Avian Model: Extrapolation of Information......Page 38 References......Page 39 Definitions......Page 42 The GIT Ecosystem......Page 43 Prebiotics......Page 45 Probiotics......Page 46 Health Benefits......Page 48 References......Page 54 Introduction......Page 57 Oral Diseases......Page 58 Oral Health Benefits of Bioactive Compounds......Page 59 Gastric Esophageal Reflux Disease and Barret's Esophagus......Page 61 Bioactive Foods Against H. pylori Infection......Page 62 Intestinal Diseases......Page 63 Peptic Ulcer Disease......Page 64 Inflammatory Bowel Disease......Page 65 Bioactive Foods for Treatment of IBD......Page 66 Colorectal Cancer......Page 69 Bioactive Food Components in Prevention of GI Cancer......Page 70 Conclusion......Page 71 References......Page 72 Relevant Websites......Page 75 Introduction......Page 76 Anthocyanins......Page 77 Black soybean......Page 78 Common bean......Page 82 Peanut......Page 84 Lentils......Page 85 References......Page 86 Introduction......Page 89 Description, Production, and Composition......Page 91 Antioxidant Properties of PJ......Page 92 Anticancer Activities of the PJ......Page 95 Effects of the PJ on CVDs......Page 96 Other Effects of the PJ......Page 98 References......Page 99 Further Reading......Page 100 Relevant Websites......Page 101 Introduction......Page 102 Resveratrol......Page 103 Bioavailability......Page 104 Curcumin......Page 105 Absorption, Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, and Metabolism......Page 106 Anti-inflammatory Property......Page 107 Bioavailability......Page 108 Sulforaphane......Page 109 Antioxidant Property......Page 110 Conclusions......Page 111 References......Page 112 Further reading......Page 113 What is an Antioxidant?......Page 115 Antioxidant Capacity Methods......Page 116 Antioxidant Capacity of Medicinal Plants of the North Central Region of Argentina......Page 117 Plant Material......Page 118 FRAP method......Page 119 Results and Discussion......Page 120 References......Page 122 Dysregulated Immune Reaction......Page 124 Environmental Factors......Page 125 Disease Susceptibility Genes......Page 126 Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species......Page 127 ROS in IBD......Page 128 Oxidants and Antioxidants in the Experimental Colitis......Page 131 Curcumin......Page 132 Superoxide Dismutase......Page 133 Herbal Remedies......Page 134 Free Radical Scavengers......Page 135 iNOS Inhibitor......Page 136 Superoxide Dismutase......Page 137 Allopurinol......Page 138 References......Page 139 Introduction......Page 141 Alcoholic Fatty Liver: Metabolic Changes......Page 142 Acute Alcohol Prevention......Page 143 Chronic Alcohol Prevention......Page 144 Prevalence of NAFLD......Page 145 Hepatic Steatosis......Page 146 Chinese Herbal Treatment of NAFLD......Page 147 Fibrosis......Page 148 Chinese Medical Treatment of Liver Fibrosis......Page 149 Chinese Medical Treatment of HCC......Page 150 Liver Toxicity due to Herbal medicine......Page 151 References......Page 154 Further Reading......Page 158 Relevant websites......Page 159 Introduction......Page 160 PUFAs: Structure, Nomenclature, Sources, and Interconversion......Page 161 Intake of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs and Risk of Developing IBD......Page 163 Arachidonic-Acid-Derived Eicosanoids in IBD......Page 164 Fatty Acid Modification of Eicosanoid Profiles......Page 166 Transcription Factors Involved in Regulating Inflammatory Gene Expression......Page 167 Fatty Acid Modulation of Transcription Factor Activation and Inflammatory Cytokine Production......Page 168 Influence of Marine n-3 Fatty Acids on T Cells......Page 169 Efficacy of n-3 PUFAs in Animal Models of IBD......Page 170 Overview and Summary of Human Studies......Page 173 Meta-analyses......Page 176 Conclusions......Page 177 References......Page 178 Alcohol and Gastrointestinal Tract Function......Page 185 Acute and Chronic Ingestion of Alcohol......Page 186 Absorption of Alcohol......Page 187 Effect on the Esophagus......Page 188 Gastric Metabolism......Page 189 Absorption of macro- and micronutrients......Page 191 Vitamins......Page 192 Increased gut permeability......Page 194 Effect on Mucosal Morphology......Page 195 Other cell types with distinct ultrastructural features......Page 196 Brush border enzymes......Page 197 Alkaline phosphatase......Page 198 Membrane enzymes......Page 199 Isocitrate dehydrogenase......Page 200 Bacterial Flora......Page 201 Bacteriocolonic metabolism of alcohol......Page 203 Hepatic metabolism......Page 204 Liver function tests......Page 207 Alkaline phosphatase......Page 208 Alcoholic Pancreatitis......Page 209 References......Page 211 Introduction to the World's Biggest Problem......Page 223 Epidemic of Non-Communicable Diseases ......Page 224 Inflammation......Page 227 Energy Density and Nutrient Density......Page 229 Acid-Base Balance, NaCl Salt, and Fiber Content of the Diet......Page 234 Roadmapping the Future......Page 235 References......Page 236 Relevant Websites......Page 240 The Surge of Herbal Product Use Within Complementary and Alternative Medicine......Page 241 Herbal Supplement Identity, Efficacy, and Safety: Chaos in the Cyber Marketplace......Page 242 Yellow Oleander or `Codo de Fraile ́......Page 243 Toxicity of Thevetia spp.......Page 244 Weight Loss and Other Health Claims Made on the Internet for Candle Nut Tree Seeds......Page 245 Safety Issues......Page 246 References......Page 247 Introduction......Page 249 Colonization and Succession of Human Intestinal Microbiota with Age......Page 250 Selection and Evaluation of Probiotic for Possibility in Allergic Management......Page 252 Stimulation of Cytokine Production by TMC0356 and Enhancement of T-helper 1 Type Response......Page 253 Implication by TMC0356 to IgE-Mediated Immune Responses......Page 254 Alleviation of Allergic Symptoms and Improvement of Related Inflammation by TMC0356......Page 255 Colonization of TMC0356 in Human Intestine and Stabilized Intestinal Microbiota in Allergic Subjects......Page 257 References......Page 258 Liver Diseases......Page 260 Turmeric......Page 261 Red chili......Page 262 Grape......Page 263 Indian gooseberry......Page 264 Ivy gourd......Page 265 Soy......Page 266 Coffee......Page 267 References......Page 268 Brewing of Japanese Soy Sauce......Page 271 Polysaccharides from Soy Sauce......Page 272 Iron Fortification with Soy Sauce......Page 273 Promotive Effect of SPS on Iron Absorption......Page 274 Triacylglycerol Absorption......Page 275 Reducing Effect of SPS on Triacylglycerol Absorption......Page 276 Conclusion......Page 277 References......Page 278 Definition and Classification of Prebiotics......Page 280 Effects of Prebiotics on GI Function......Page 281 Irritable Bowel Syndrome......Page 283 Tube Feeding-Associated GI Intolerance......Page 284 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases......Page 285 Acute Pancreatitis......Page 287 Antibiotics-Associated Diarrhea and C. difficile Disease......Page 288 Prebiotics and Postoperative Infections......Page 289 Traveler's Diarrhea......Page 290 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease......Page 291 References......Page 292 Effects of Curcumin on Gastrointestinal Diseases......Page 295 Irritable Bowel Syndrome......Page 296 Dyspepsia......Page 297 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease-Associated Diarrhea......Page 298 Crohn's disease......Page 299 Ulcerative colitis......Page 300 Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity......Page 301 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease......Page 302 Pancreatic Cancer......Page 303 Colonic Tumors......Page 304 References......Page 305 Relevant Website......Page 306 Introduction......Page 307 Immune Tolerance......Page 308 Involvement of Intestinal Microbiota......Page 309 Bacterial Recognition......Page 310 PRR Signaling......Page 311 Macrophage and Dendritic Cells......Page 313 Current Scientific Evidence......Page 314 Conclusions and New Perspectives......Page 316 References......Page 317 Further Reading......Page 318 Relevant Websites......Page 319 Biological factors......Page 320 Developmental factors......Page 321 Social factors......Page 322 Do Dietary Patterns Change with the Transition to Adulthood?......Page 323 Dietary Patterns in Adulthood......Page 324 Psychological Mechanisms of Dietary Change in Adulthood......Page 325 Conclusion......Page 328 References......Page 329 How Cholelithiasis Is Originated and Complicated?......Page 331 Symptoms of Cholelithiasis......Page 332 Pathophysiology......Page 334 Cholesterol Gallstones......Page 335 Role of Diet Therapy and Challenges in Cholelithiasis Treatment......Page 336 Nutrition Supplements in Cholelithiasis......Page 337 Vitamin C......Page 338 Physiochemical Basis of Cholelithiasis......Page 339 Nutritional Management of Cholelithiasis......Page 343 Cholelithiasis Enzyme Assay Development to Test Diets......Page 344 Cholesterol 7α Hydroxylase Enzymatic Estimation and Enzyme Activity......Page 345 The Cholesterol 7α Hydroxylase Enzyme Activity and Cytochrome P450 Concentration in Liver Cell Microsomes......Page 346 Future Prospectives on Cholelithiasis and Nutrition......Page 347 References......Page 349 Gastrointestinal Tract and Gut Microbiota......Page 354 Gut Microbiota and Health......Page 355 Gut Microbiota and Therapeutic Action of Probiotics......Page 356 Probiotics and Gastrointestinal Health......Page 357 Mechanisms of Action of Probiotic......Page 359 Adhesion and Competitive Inhibition of Pathogens to the Intestine......Page 360 Toxins Adherence and Removal by Probiotics......Page 362 Immune Regulation and Modulation......Page 363 References......Page 364 Pathophysiology of IBS......Page 367 Evidence of Intestinal Flora Alterations in IBS......Page 368 Probiotic Organisms and IBS......Page 369 Discussion......Page 375 References......Page 376 Relevant Websites......Page 378 Introduction......Page 379 Luteolin Suppresses IL-8 mRNA Expression of Caco-2 Cells in In Vitro Gut Inflammation Model......Page 380 Luteolin Suppresses TNF-α Secretion from RAW264.7 Cells in In Vitro Gut Inflammation Model......Page 381 Luteolin Suppresses Nuclear Factor-KappaB Translocation into the Nucleus of RAW264.7 Cells in In Vitro Gut Inflammation Mo......Page 382 Discussion......Page 383 References......Page 385 Microbial Diversity of the Human Microbiota......Page 387 Functions of the Human Microbiota......Page 388 Analysis of Human Microbiota: Metagenomics......Page 389 Microbiome and Human Health......Page 390 Oral Cavity and Stomach Diseases......Page 391 Intestinal Diseases......Page 392 Allergies and Atopic Disease......Page 393 Obesity and Overweight......Page 394 Skin Diseases......Page 395 Other Diseases......Page 396 Microbiome and Probiotics......Page 397 References......Page 398 Abbreviations......Page 402 Introduction......Page 403 Folate Metabolism and Bioavailability......Page 404 Folate and NTDs......Page 407 Folate and Other Diseases......Page 408 Folate and Cancer......Page 409 Folic Acid Fortification and Supplementation......Page 410 Folate Biosynthesis and Lactic Acid Bacteria......Page 411 Folate Biosynthesis from Lactic Acid Bacteria......Page 412 Folate and Probiotics......Page 414 Folate Production Using Genetically Modified Lactic Acid Bacteria......Page 415 Conclusions......Page 418 References......Page 419 Further Reading......Page 421 Introduction......Page 422 Rotaviruses......Page 423 Enteroviruses......Page 424 Possible Mechanisms of Probiotics Action Against Intestinal Viruses......Page 425 Laboratory Evidence of Probiotics-Conferred Resistance to Gastrointestinal Viral Infections......Page 427 Animal Models......Page 429 Cell Culture Models......Page 430 Clinical Evidence......Page 431 References......Page 433 Introduction......Page 436 Effect of PROBIOTICS on the Systemic Immune Response......Page 437 Action of Probiotics on the Mucosal Immune Response in Normal or Immunosuppressed Host......Page 438 Mechanisms Involved in the Antitumor Activity Exerted by Probiotics and Fermented Milks......Page 442 Mechanisms Involved in the Immunostimulation by Probiotic Bacteria......Page 445 References......Page 448 Herbal Drugs in Gastrointestinal Ailments/Diseases......Page 451 Aegle marmelos......Page 453 Boswellia serrata......Page 454 Curcuma longa......Page 455 Picrorhiza kurroa......Page 456 Tinospora cordifolia......Page 457 Zingiber officinale......Page 458 Acknowledgments......Page 459 References......Page 460 Liver Diseases......Page 462 Plants as Hepatoprotective Agents......Page 463 Ginger as a Hepatoprotective Agent......Page 464 Ginger Protects Against Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity......Page 465 Ginger Protects Against Heavy-Metal-Induced Hepatotoxicity......Page 466 Ginger Protects Against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity......Page 467 Ginger Protects Against Bromobenzene-Induced Hepatotoxicity......Page 468 Ginger Prevents Liver Cancer......Page 469 Ginger Corrects the Hepatic Lipid Metabolism......Page 470 Free Radical Scavenging Effects......Page 471 Anti-inflammatory Effect......Page 472 Conclusions......Page 473 References......Page 474 Introduction......Page 477 Traditional Uses......Page 478 Anticariogenic Activity......Page 480 Gastrointestinal Effects......Page 481 Antiulcer Effects Gastroprotection......Page 482 Betel Leaf Is an Antimutagen and Prevents Experimental Oral and Gastric Carcinogenesis......Page 483 Anti-Inflammatory Effects......Page 485 References......Page 486 Introduction......Page 489 Medicinal Uses of Bael......Page 490 Bael Possesses Gastroprotective Effects......Page 492 Bael Possesses Antibacterial Effects on Certain Enteric Bacteria......Page 493 Bael Reduces the Chemical-Induced Diarrhea......Page 494 Bael Leaf and Fruit Prevent Carbon Tetrachloride and Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity......Page 495 Increase in Antioxidant Enzymes......Page 497 References......Page 498 Introduction......Page 501 Picroliv Protects Against the Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity......Page 503 Picroliv Protects Against Galactosamine-Induced Hepatotoxicity......Page 504 Picroliv Protects Against Monocrotaline-Induced Hepatotoxicity......Page 505 Picroliv Protects Against N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Hepatotoxicity......Page 506 Picroliv Protects Against Hydrazine-Induced Hepatotoxicity......Page 507 Picroliv Reduces the Aflatoxin-Induced Hepatic Damage......Page 508 Conclusions......Page 509 References......Page 510 Introduction......Page 512 Traditional Uses......Page 513 Effect of Amla on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Metabolic Syndrome......Page 515 Effect of Amla on Hepatotoxicity of Ethanol......Page 516 Effect of Amla on Hepatotoxicity of Ochratoxin......Page 517 Effect of Amla on Hepatotoxicity of Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4......Page 518 Effect of Amla Phytochemicals on Galactosamine and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Damage......Page 519 Mechanism of Action/s Responsible for the Hepatoprotective Effects......Page 520 Conclusions......Page 521 References......Page 522 Introduction......Page 524 Traditional Uses......Page 525 Tulsi Reduces Heavy Metal-Induced Hepatotoxicity......Page 526 Tulsi Prevents Chlorpyrifos-Induced Liver Damage......Page 527 Tulsi Prevents Radiation-Induced Liver Damage......Page 528 Tulsi and Ursolic Acid Prevents Chemical-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis and Mutagenesis......Page 529 Effect of Tulsi on Hepatic Metabolism and Metabolic Syndrome......Page 530 Tulsi Prevents Gastric Carcinogenesis......Page 531 Conclusions......Page 532 References......Page 533 Introduction......Page 535 Turmeric the Indian Culinary Gold in Gastroprotection......Page 536 Phytochemistry......Page 537 Traditional Uses......Page 538 Curcumin Protects Against Indomethacin-Induced Ulcer in Rat......Page 539 Curcumin Protects Against Reserpine-Induced Ulcer in Rat......Page 540 Turmeric/Curcumin Gastric Cancer......Page 541 Conclusions......Page 543 References......Page 544 Bioactive Foods: A New Hope in Fatty Liver Disease......Page 547 What Are Hepatocellular Protective Bioactive Foods?......Page 549 What Remains Still to Solve the Hepatocellular Protection by Bioactive Foods?......Page 550 Animal Studies......Page 552 Clinical Trials......Page 553 Abundance......Page 555 Basic Wild Fruit Parts......Page 556 Wild Foods in Hepatobiliary Health and Protection......Page 558 Present State of Art......Page 560 What Are the Unresolved Challenges?......Page 562 Who Need the Alternative Approaches of Nutrition Therapy in Hepatic Injury......Page 565 Government policy: criteria of suggested practice of nutrition therapy in hepatobiliary prevention......Page 566 Bioactive Foods and Nutraceuticals in Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Disease: A Survey......Page 567 Mechanism of Hepatobiliary Prevention by Bioactive Food Contents......Page 568 NAFLD/NASH in the Human Body and Nutraceutical Protection......Page 569 Nutrition Therapy of Fatty Liver: Nutritional Support Guideline......Page 570 Risk factors......Page 571 Futuristic prospectives......Page 572 Challenges, Hypes, Hopes and Futuristic Role of Nutrition Therapy in Hepatocellular Protection......Page 573 Conclusion......Page 574 References......Page 575 Role of Diet Therapy and Challenges in Cholelithiasis Treatment......Page 580 Obesity and weight loss......Page 581 Vegetarian diet lifestyle......Page 582 Dietary fiber and bran......Page 583 Present Status of Cholesterol Saturation and Dietary Fibers......Page 584 How to Enhance the Hypocholesterolemic Effect by Apple Diets?......Page 587 Wild food as other dietary supplements......Page 588 Food allergy and cholecystitis......Page 589 Rowachol......Page 590 Gallbladder Flush......Page 592 Future Prospectives on Cholelithiasis and Nutrition......Page 593 Conclusion......Page 594 References......Page 595 Introduction......Page 600 Traditional Uses......Page 604 Gastroprotective Effects......Page 605 Jamun Prevents Gastric Carcinogenesis......Page 607 Radioprotective Effects......Page 608 Hepatoprotective Effects......Page 609 Conclusions......Page 610 References......Page 611 Abbreviations......Page 614 Phytochemicals in the Protection of Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity......Page 615 Meso-Zeaxanthin......Page 616 Betaine......Page 618 Ellagic Acid......Page 621 Quercetin......Page 622 Hydroxystilbenes and Resveratrol......Page 623 Picroliv......Page 624 Mechanisms......Page 625 References......Page 626 Introduction......Page 630 Major Biochemical Pathways of Omega-3 Fatty Acids......Page 632 Omega-3 Content in Major Natural Sources......Page 635 Major Health Effects of Omega-3......Page 637 Biotechnology for Improving Omega-3 Production......Page 638 Omega-3 in Modified Animal Product Foods......Page 640 Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Nutraceuticals......Page 641 Nutrition Versus Supplementation......Page 642 Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation: A Double-Edged Sword?......Page 643 The Development of Omega-3 Nutraceuticals in Liver Diseases......Page 645 Acknowledgments......Page 646 References......Page 647 Relevant Websites......Page 648 Associated signs and symptoms......Page 649 Self-evaluation: Testing for pH......Page 650 Buffering cellular chemistry......Page 652 Antioxidants: Ascorbate to zinc......Page 654 Associated Signs and Symptoms......Page 655 Glycemic load: Newer and more useful......Page 656 Food Allergies and Sensitivities......Page 657 The link between allergies and digestive competence......Page 658 Evaluation: LRA by ELISA/ACT Tests......Page 659 Intervention: Hypoallergenic Diet......Page 666 References......Page 667 Relevant Websites......Page 669 Fatty Liver Is Health Hazard......Page 670 Oxidative Stress......Page 671 Increased hepatic uptake of fatty acids......Page 672 Impaired fatty acid oxidation......Page 673 Accelerated de novo fatty acid synthesis......Page 674 Decreased export of triglycerides from the liver......Page 675 Mechanisms of Microsomal Ethanol-Oxidizing System MEOS......Page 676 Alcohol and nutrition......Page 680 Elevated Liver Enzymes......Page 681 Focal Hepatic Steatosis......Page 682 Ultrasound......Page 683 Biomarkers in Alcoholic Fatty Liver Evaluation......Page 684 Nutrition Therapy in Hepatic Fibrosis......Page 685 PPC and Other Antioxidants: Pathogenesis of the Deficiency and Its Consequences......Page 686 Therapeutic Approaches with PPC, Including Clinical Trials......Page 687 Emerging New Supplements and Adjunct Life Styles in Fatty Liver Protection......Page 688 Nutrition Elements in Nonalcoholic Liver Disease......Page 689 Antihepatotoxicity Properties of Bioactive Foods: Less Known Herbs......Page 692 References......Page 696 Abbreviations......Page 703 Introduction......Page 704 Ayurvedic Plants and IBD......Page 706 Curcumin, the Active Principle of Turmeric......Page 707 Guggulsterone, the Active Principle of C. mukul......Page 708 A. sativum......Page 709 B. serrata......Page 710 P. granatum......Page 711 T. foenum-graecum......Page 712 Ayurvedic-Based Polyherbal Formulation......Page 713 References......Page 714 Introduction......Page 716 Ginger and Health of Gastrointestinal System......Page 717 Ginger in Oral Health......Page 718 Ginger Is Effective Against Various Gastric Ulcerogens......Page 719 Ginger is an Effective Antiemetic Agent......Page 720 Ginger Is Effective on Digestive Enzymes......Page 722 Effect of Ginger on the Intestinal Pathogens......Page 723 Ginger Prevents Diarrhea......Page 724 References......Page 725 A......Page 729 B......Page 730 C......Page 731 E......Page 733 F......Page 734 G......Page 735 H......Page 737 I......Page 738 L......Page 739 N......Page 740 P......Page 741 S......Page 743 Z......Page 744 Front Matter......Page 746 Preface: Liver and Gastrointestinal Health......Page 748 Contributors......Page 750 Copyright......Page 756

Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease provides valuable insights for those seeking nutritional treatment options for those suffering from liver and/or related gastrointestinal disease including Crohn’s, allergies, and colitis among others. Information is presented on a variety of foods including herbs, fruits, soy and olive oil. This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers in nutrition, nephrology, and gastroenterology.

* Addresses the most positive results from dietary interventions using bioactive foods to impact diseases of the liver and gastrointestinal system, including reduction of inflammation, improved function, and nutritional efficiency * Presents a wide range of liver and gastrointestinal diseases and provides important information for additional research * Associated information can be used to understand other diseases, which share common etiological pathways