Bioactive components of human milk : [proceedings of the 8th international Conference of the International Society for Research on Human Milk and Lactation, held October 25-29, 1997 in Plymouth, Massachusetts

The Major Emphasis In This Book Is A Compilation And Definition Of What Is Known About Components Of Human Milk, Including Glycoconjugates, That Inhibit Common Pathogens Of The Infant. Also Discussed Are Other Bioactive Constituents Whose Relevant Biological Roles Are Also Beginning To Be Defined. Hormonal And Cytokine Activity, Immunomodulating And Autoinflammatory Agents, Xenobiotics, And Conditionally Essential Nutrients In Milk Could Have Roles In The Protection Of The Infant, But May Also Participate In Digestive Processes, Maternal--infant Communication, Maturation Of The Gut, Central Nervous System, And Other Components Of Infant Growth And Development. Like The Protective Activities, These Are Discussed In Terms Of Their Presence In Milk, Structures, Potential Functions, And Structure/function Relationship. Components Whose Role Is Nutritional Support During Early Development Of The Infant Are Also Included. Sect. I. Introduction -- 1. Bioactive Components Of Human Milk: Evolution, Efficiency, And Protection -- 2. Human Milk And The Response Of Intestinal Epithelium To Infection -- Introduction To The Macy-gyorgy Award Lecture -- 3. Muc1 And Muc-x, Epithelial Mucins Of Breast And Milk -- 4. Drug Transport Into Milk -- Sect. Ii. Hormones And Growth Factors In Mammary Development And In Milk -- Overview: Hormones And Growth Factors -- 5. The Transforming Growth Factors Beta In Development And Functional Differentiation Of The Mouse Mammary Gland -- 6. Is Milk A Conduit For Developmental Signals? -- 7. Regulation Of Cell Apoptosis By Insulin-like Growth Factor I -- 8. Human Milk Contains Detectable Levels Of Immunoreactive Leptin -- 9. Induction Of Expression Of Branched-chain Aminotransferase And Alpha-keto Acid Dehydrogenase In Rat Tissues During Lactation -- 10. A Low-fat Diet But Not Food Restriction Improves Lactational Performance In Obese Rats -- 11. Human Lactoferrin In The Milk Of Transgenic Mice Increases Intestinal Growth In Ten-day-old Suckling Neonates -- 12. Growth Rates Of A Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Are Regulated By The Milk Protein Alpha-lactalbumin -- Sect. Iii. Milk Lipids And The Milk Fat Globule -- Overview: Milk Lipids -- 13. Assembly And Secretion Of The Lipid Globules Of Milk -- 14. Prolonged Breast-feeding (six Months Or More) And Milk Fat Content At Six Months Are Associated With Higher Developmental Scores At One Year Of Age Within A Breast-fed Population -- 15. Presence Of Carotenoid, An Anticarcinogenic Marker, In Nipple Aspirates Postlactation -- 16. The Anticarcinogenic Conjugated Fatty Acid C9, T11-c18:2, Or Rumenic Acid, In Human Milk: Amounts And Effects -- 17. Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrations In Human Hindmilk Are Constant Throughout Twelve Months Of Lactation -- 18. Parenteral Infusion Of A Lactating Woman With Intralipid: Changes In Milk And Plasma Fatty Acids -- 19. Investigation Of Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism In Lactating Women By Means Of Stable Isotope Techniques -- 20. Structural And Functional Aspects Of Three Major Glycoproteins Of The Human Milk Fat Globule Membrane -- 21. Anti-infectious Properties Of The Human Milk Fat Globule Membrane -- Sect. Iv. Immunomodulatory And Anti-inflammatory Agents In Milk -- Overview: Immunomodulatory And Anti-inflammatory Agents -- 22. Homeostasis Of The Mucosal Immune System: Human Milk And Lactation -- 23. Anti-inflammatory Characteristics Of Human Milk: How, Where, Why -- 24. Development Of A Topical Vaginal Microbicide: Lessons Learned From Human Milk -- 25. Does Human Lactoferrin In The Milk Of Transgenic Mice Deliver Iron To Suckling Neonates? -- 26. Changes In Lactoferrin And Lysozyme Levels In Human Milk During The First Twelve Weeks Of Lactation -- 27. The Association Of Allergic Sensitization In Mother And Child In Breast-fed And Formula-fed Infants -- 28. Vesicular Transport Of Soluble Substances Into Mouse Milk -- Sect. V. Nonantibody Immune Factors -- Overview: Oligosaccharides And Other Protective Components -- 29. Glycoconjugates In Human And Transgenic Animal Milk -- 30. Mass Spectrometric Investigations Of Human Milk Oligosaccharides -- 31. Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Novel Method Provides Insight Into Human Genetics -- 32. Detection Of Four Human Milk Groups With Respect To Lewis-blood-group-dependent Oligosaccharides By Serologic And Chromatographic Analysis -- 33. Characterization Of Oligosaccharides In Milk And Feces Of Breast-fed Infants By High-performance Anion-exchange Chromatography -- 34. Survival Of Human Milk Oligosaccharides In The Intestine Of Infants -- 35. Comparison Of Oligosaccharides In Milk Specimens From Humans And Twelve Other Species -- 36. Human Milk Lipids Bind Shiga Toxin -- 37. Human Milk Antibacterial Factors: The Effect Of Temperature On Defense Systems -- Sect. Vi. Conditionally Essential Nutrients -- Overview: Conditionally Essential Nutrients: Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids -- Overview: Conditionally Essential Nutrients: Can Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids And Nucleotides Qualify? -- 38. Biotherapeutic Agents And Disease In Infants -- 39. Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids In Breast Milk: Are They Essential? -- 40. Specific Iga To Lactic Acid Bacteria In Feces Of Children Consuming Milk Fermented By Yogurt Symbiosis And Lactobacillus Casei (danone Strain Dn 114 001) -- 41. Are Breast-fed Infants Vitamin K Deficient? -- 42. Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (lc-pufa) During Early Development: Contribution Of Milk Lc-pufa To Accretion Rates Varies Among Organs -- 43. Gastric Proteolysis In Preterm Infants Fed Mother's Milk Or Formula -- 44. Macronutrients In Milk From Mothers Delivering Preterm -- 45. Amino Acid Intake During Lactation And Amino Acids Of Plasma And Human Milk -- 46. Negative Balance Of Calcium During Lactation In Marginally Nourished Women -- 47. Do Healthy Very-low-birth-weight Infants Fed On Their Own Mothers' Milk Require Sodium Supplementation? -- Sect. Vii. Future Perspectives In Human Milk Research -- Overview: The Future Of Research In Human Milk -- 48. From Bioactive Substances To Research On Breast-feeding Promotion -- 49. Protective Role Of Human Lactoferrin Against Invasion Of Shigella Flexneri M90t -- 50. Binding Of Transcobalamin Ii By Human Mammary Epithelial Cells -- 51. Diet, Growth, And Bone Mineralization In Premature Infants -- 52. Fat Content And Fatty Acid Composition Of Fresh, Pasteurized, Or Sterilized Human Milk -- 53. Lymphocyte Subpopulations In Breast-fed And Formula-fed Infants At Six Months Of Age -- Sect. Viii. General Topics In Human Milk Research -- Overview: Breast-feeding, Xenobiotics, And Milk -- 54. Trends In Donor Milk Banking In The United States -- 55. Bacterial Toxins And Enteral Feeding Of Premature Infants At Risk For Necrotizing Enterocolitis -- 56. Epidemiology Of Breast-feeding In Italy -- 57. Analysis Of Casein Using Two-dimensional Electrophoresis, Western Blot, And Computer Imaging -- 58. Consumption Of Lipophilic Contaminants In Human Milk By Infants: Quantities Are Usually Incorrect -- 59. Active Transport Of Nitrofurantion Into Rat Milk -- 60. Influence Of Lysine On Cimetidine Uptake And On Excretion Of Cimetidine By The Rat Mammary Gland -- 61. The Effect Of Pasteurization On Transforming Growth Factor Alpha And Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 Concentrations In Human Milk -- 62. Can Women Remember When Their Milk Came In? -- 63. Glycosidase Activities And Sugar Release In Human Milk -- Glossary -- Author Index -- Subject Index. Edited By David S. Newburg. Proceedings Of The 8th International Conference Of The International Society For Research On Human Milk Ad Lactation, Held October 25-29, 1997, In Plymouth, Massachusetts--t.p. Verso. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Matter....Pages i-xv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Bioactive Components of Human Milk....Pages 3-10 Human Milk and the Response of Intestinal Epithelium to Infection....Pages 11-30 Introduction to the Macy-György Award Lecture....Pages 31-33 MUC1 and MUC-X, Epithelial Mucins of Breast and Milk....Pages 35-45 Drug Transport Into Milk....Pages 47-55 Front Matter....Pages 57-57 Overview: Hormones and Growth Factors....Pages 59-60 The Transforming Growth Factors Beta in Development and Functional Differentiation of the Mouse Mammary Gland....Pages 61-70 Is Milk a Conduit for Developmental Signals?....Pages 71-77 Regulation of Cell Apoptosis by Insulin-Like Growth Factor I....Pages 79-85 Human Milk Contains Detectable Levels of Immunoreactive Leptin....Pages 87-92 Induction of Expression of Branched-Chain Aminotransferase and Alpha-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase in Rat Tissues During Lactation....Pages 93-99 A Low-Fat Diet but not Food Restriction Improves Lactational Performance in Obese Rats....Pages 101-106 Human Lactoferrin in the Milk of Transgenic Mice Increases Intestinal Growth in Ten-Day-Old Suckling Neonates....Pages 107-113 Growth Rates of a Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line are Regulated by the Milk Protein Alpha-Lactalbumin....Pages 115-120 Front Matter....Pages 121-121 Overview: Milk Lipids....Pages 123-124 Assembly and Secretion of the Lipid Globules of Milk....Pages 125-136 Prolonged Breast-Feeding (Six Months or More) and Milk Fat Content at Six Months are Associated with Higher Developmental Scores at One Year of Age Within a Breast-Fed Population....Pages 137-141 Presence of Carotenoid, an Anticarcinogenic Marker, in Nipple Aspirates Postlactation....Pages 143-152 The Anticarcinogenic Conjugated Fatty Acid c9, t11-C18:2, or Rumenic Acid, in Human Milk....Pages 153-156 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrations in Human Hindmilk are Constant Throughout Twelve Months of Lactation....Pages 157-161 Front Matter....Pages 121-121 Parenteral Infusion of a Lactating Woman with Intralipid....Pages 163-168 Investigation of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Lactating Women by Means of Stable Isotope Techniques....Pages 169-177 Structural and Functional Aspects of Three Major Glycoproteins of the Human Milk Fat Globule Membrane....Pages 179-187 Anti-Infectious Properties of the Human Milk Fat Globule Membrane....Pages 189-192 Front Matter....Pages 193-193 Overview: Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Agents....Pages 195-196 Homeostasis of the Mucosal Immune System....Pages 197-205 Anti-Inflammatory Characteristics of Human Milk....Pages 207-222 Development of a Topical Vaginal Microbicide....Pages 223-232 Does Human Lactoferrin in the Milk of Transgenic Mice Deliver Iron to Suckling Neonates?....Pages 233-239 Changes in Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Levels in Human Milk During the First Twelve Weeks of Lactation....Pages 241-247 The Association of Allergic Sensitization in Mother and Child in Breast-Fed and Formula-Fed Infants....Pages 249-255 Vesicular Transport of Soluble Substances into Mouse Milk....Pages 257-263 Front Matter....Pages 265-265 Overview: Oligosaccharides and Other Protective Components....Pages 267-268 Glycoconjugates in Human and Transgenic Animal Milk....Pages 269-278 Mass Spectrometric Investigations of Human Milk Oligosaccharides....Pages 279-284 Human Milk Oligosaccharides....Pages 285-297 Detection of Four Human Milk Groups with Respect to Lewis-Bloodgroup-Dependent Oligosaccharides by Serologic and Chromatographic Analysis....Pages 299-306 Characterization of Oligosaccharides in Milk and Feces of Breast-Fed Infants by High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography....Pages 307-314 Survival of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in the Intestine of Infants....Pages 315-323 Comparison of Oligosaccharides in Milk Specimens from Humans and Twelve Other Species....Pages 325-332 Front Matter....Pages 265-265 Human Milk Lipids Bind Shiga Toxin....Pages 333-339 Human Milk Antibacterial Factors....Pages 341-348 Front Matter....Pages 349-349 Overview: Conditionally Essential Nutrients: Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids....Pages 351-355 Overview: Conditionally Essential Nutrients: Can Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Nucleotides Qualify?....Pages 357-363 Biotherapeutic Agents and Disease in Infants....Pages 365-373 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Breast Milk....Pages 375-383 Specific IgA to Lactic Acid Bacteria in Feces of Children Consuming Milk Fermented by Yoghurt Symbiosis and Lactobacillus Casei (Danone Strain DN 114 001)....Pages 385-389 Are Breast-Fed Infants Vitamin K Deficient?....Pages 391-395 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LC-PUFA) During Early Development....Pages 397-401 Gastric Proteolysis in Preterm Infants Fed Mother’s Milk or Formula....Pages 403-408 Macronutrients in Milk from Mothers Delivering Preterm....Pages 409-413 Amino Acid Intake During Lactation and Amino Acids of Plasma and Human Milk....Pages 415-421 Negative Balance of Calcium During Lactation in Marginally Nourished Women....Pages 423-429 Do Healthy Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants Fed on Their Own Mothers’ Milk Require Sodium Supplementation?....Pages 431-437 Front Matter....Pages 439-439 Overview: The Future of Research in Human Milk....Pages 441-446 From Bioactive Substances to Research on Breast-Feeding Promotion....Pages 447-455 Protective Role of Human Lactoferrin Against Invasion of Shigella Flexneri M90t....Pages 457-467 Binding of Transcobalamin II by Human Mammary Epithelial Cells....Pages 469-477 Diet, Growth, and Bone Mineralization in Premature Infants....Pages 479-483 Fat Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Fresh, Pasteurized, or Sterilized Human Milk....Pages 485-495 Front Matter....Pages 439-439 Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Breast-Fed and Formula-Fed Infants at Six Months of Age....Pages 497-504 Front Matter....Pages 505-505 Overview: Breast-Feeding, Xenobiotics, and Milk....Pages 507-507 Trends in Donor Milk Banking in the United States....Pages 509-517 Bacterial Toxins and Enteral Feeding of Premature Infants at Risk for Necrotizing Enterocolitis....Pages 519-527 Epidemiology of Breast-Feeding in Italy....Pages 529-533 Analysis of Casein using Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis, Western Blot, and Computer Imaging....Pages 535-539 Consumption of Lipophilic Contaminants in Human Milk by Infants....Pages 541-545 Active Transport of Nitrofurantoin into Rat Milk....Pages 547-552 Influence of Lysine on Cimetidine Uptake and on Excretion of Cimetidine by the Rat Mammary Gland....Pages 553-558 The Effect of Pasteurization on Transforming Growth Factor Alpha and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 Concentrations in Human Milk....Pages 559-566 Can Women Remember WhenTheir Milk Came in?....Pages 567-572 Glycosidase Activities and Sugar Release in Human Milk....Pages 573-577 Back Matter....Pages 579-592