دو زبانی در طول عمر: عوامل مؤثر بر تسلط زبانی (سری زبان و عمر انسان)

This book pioneers the study of bilingualism across the lifespan and in all its diverse forms. In framing the newest research within a lifespan perspective, the editors highlight the importance of considering an individual's age in researching how bilingualism affects language acquisition and cognitive development. A key theme is the variability among bilinguals, which may be due to a host of individual and sociocultural factors, including the degree to which bilingualism is valued within a particular context. Thus, this book is a call for language researchers, psychologists, and educators to pursue a better understanding of bilingualism in our increasingly global society. The Study Of Bilingualism Unfolds Against A Varied Backdrop Of Sociocultural And Sociopolitical Factors. While The Nature Of Bilingualism And Multilingualism Has Often Been Misunderstood, The Bilingual Community Is A Dynamic And Ever-growing Part Of The Global Population. This Book Pioneers The Study Of Bilingualism Across The Lifespan And In All Its Diverse Forms. In Framing The Newest Research Within A Lifespan Perspective, The Editors Highlight The Importance Of Considering An Individual's Age--from Infancy To Late Adulthood--when Researching How Bilingualism Affects Language Acquisition And Cognitive Development. Four Major Topics Are Explored: (a) Early Bilingualism, (b) Factors Affecting Bilingualism Across The Lifespan, (c) Academic Achievement And Literacy In Bilinguals, And (d) Cognitive Effects Of Bilingualism. A Key Theme Is The Variability Among Bilinguals, Which May Be Due To A Host Of Individual And Sociocultural Factors, Including The Degree To Which Bilingualism Is Or Is Not Valued In Each Country And Context. This Book Is A Call For Language Researchers, Psychologists, And Educators To Pursue And Promote A Better Understanding Of Bilingualism In Our Increasingly Multicultural Society.--back Cover. Shifting Perspectives On Bilingualism / Fred Genesee -- Early Bilingualism : From Differentiation To The Impact Of Family Language Practices / Suzanne Quay And Simona Montanari -- Speech Perception In Simultaneously Bilingual Infants / Christopher T. Fennell, Angeline Sin-mei Tsui, And Tamara M. Hudon -- Early Lexical Development In Bilingual Infants And Toddlers / Barbara T. Conboy And Simona Montanari -- Code-switching In Childhood / W. Quin Yow, Ferninda Patrycia, And Suzanne Flynn -- Quantity And Quality Of Language Input In Bilingual Language Development / Sharon Unsworth -- Factors Moderating Proficiency In Bilingual Speakers / Virginia C. Mueller Gathercole -- Age Of Onset Of Bilingualism Effects And Availability Of Input In First Language Attrition / Silvina Montrul -- Age Of Second-language Acquisition : Critical Periods And Social Concerns / David Birdsong And Jan Vanhove -- Code-switching In Adulthood / Jeff Macswan -- Bilingualism And Academic Achievement In Children In Dual Language Programs / Kathryn Lindholm-leary -- Literacy In Adulthood : Reading In Two Languages / Judith F. Kroll, Jason Gullifer, And Megan Zirnstein -- Cognitive Effects Of Bilingualism In Infancy / Ágnes Melinda Kovács -- Bilingual Speakers' Cognitive Development In Childhood / Elena Nicoladis -- Cognitive And Emotional Effects Of Bilingualism In Adulthood / Max R. Freeman, Anthony Shook, And Viorica Marian -- The Contribution Of Bilingualism To Cognitive Reserve In Healthy Aging And Dementia / Hilary D. Duncan And Natalie A. Phillips -- Concluding Remarks And Future Directions / Simona Montanari And Elena Nicoladis. Edited By Elena Nicoladis And Simona Montanari. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Title Page......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Contents......Page 7 Contributors......Page 10 Introduction......Page 14 1 Shifting Perspectives on Bilingualism......Page 21 I Early Bilingualism......Page 34 2 Early Bilingualism: From Differentiation to the Impact of Family Language Practices......Page 35 3 Speech Perception in Simultaneously Bilingual Infants......Page 57 4 Early Lexical Development in Bilingual Infants and Toddlers......Page 79 5 Code-Switching in Childhood......Page 98 II Factors Affecting Bilingualism Across the Lifespan......Page 119 6 Quantity and Quality of Language Input in Bilingual Language Development......Page 120 7 Factors Moderating Proficiency in Bilingual Speakers......Page 142 8 Age of Onset of Bilingualism Effects and Availability of Input in First Language Attrition......Page 162 9 Age of Second-Language Acquisition: Critical Periods and Social Concerns......Page 186 10 Code-Switching in Adulthood......Page 206 III Academic Achievement and Literacy in Bilinguals......Page 226 11 Bilingualism and Academic Achievement in Children in Dual Language Programs......Page 227 12 Literacy in Adulthood: Reading in Two Languages......Page 251 IV Cognitive Effects of Bilingualism......Page 274 13 Cognitive Effects of Bilingualism in Infancy......Page 275 14 Bilingual Speakers’ Cognitive Development in Childhood......Page 298 15 Cognitive and Emotional Effects of Bilingualism in Adulthood......Page 315 16 The Contribution of Bilingualism to Cognitive Reserve in Healthy Aging and Dementia......Page 337 V Conclusion......Page 357 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions......Page 358 Index......Page 365 About the Editors......Page 401 Footnotes......Page 403 "The study of bilingualism unfolds against a varied backdrop of sociocultural and sociopolitical factors. While the nature of bilingualism and multilingualism has often been misunderstood, the bilingual community is a dynamic and ever-growing part of the global population. This book pioneers the study of bilingualism across the lifespan and in all its diverse forms. In framing the newest research within a lifespan perspective, the editors highlight the importance of considering an individual's age--from infancy to late adulthood--when researching how bilingualism affects language acquisition and cognitive development. A key theme of the volume is the variability among bilinguals, which may be due to a host of individual and sociocultural factors. Five major topics are explored: early bilingualism, factors affecting bilingualism across the lifespan, academic achievement and literacy in bilinguals, and cognitive effects of bilingualism. While bilingualism is not always valued in the U.S. and thus may result in negative outcomes, in other countries and contexts, positive outcomes are common. Thus, this book is a call for language researchers, psychologists, and educators to pursue and promote a better understanding of bilingualism in our increasingly multicultural society"--Publicity materials. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) This book pioneers the study of bilingualism across the lifespan and in all its diverse forms. The study of bilingualism unfolds against a varied backdrop of sociocultural and sociopolitical factors. While the nature of bilingualism and multilingualism has often been misunderstood, the bilingual community is a dynamic and ever-growing part of the global population. In framing the newest research within a lifespan perspective, the editors highlight the importance of considering an individual's age from infancy to late adulthood when researching how bilingualism affects language acquisition and cognitive development. Four major topics are A key theme is the variability among bilinguals, which may be due to a host of individual and sociocultural factors, including the degree to which bilingualism is or is not valued in each country and context. This book is a call for language researchers, psychologists, and educators to pursue and promote a better understanding of bilingualism in our increasingly multicultural society.