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**The foundational text of libertarian thought** First published in response to John Rawls’ __A Theory of Justice__, Robert Nozick’s __Anarchy, State, and Utopia__ has become a defining text of classic libertarian thought. Challenging and ultimately rejecting liberal, socialist, and conservative agendas, Nozick boldly asserts that the rights of individuals are violated as a state’s responsibilities increase-and that the only way to avoid these violations is the creation of a minimalist state limited to the enforcement of contracts and to protection against force, fraud, and theft. Translated into 100 languages, winner of the National Book Award, and named one of the 100 Most Influential Books since World War II by the __Times Literary Supplement__, __Anarchy, State and Utopia__ remains one of the most theoretically trenchant and philosophically rich defenses of economic liberalism to date. With an introduction by philosopher Thomas Nagel, this edition brings Nozick and his work to a new generation of readers. Title Page 4 Copyright 5 Contents 6 Foreword by Thomas Nagel 10 Preface 17 Acknowledgments 22 PART I: State-of Nature Theory, or How to Back into a State without Really Trying 24 1. Why State-of-Nature Theory? 25 POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY 25 EXPLANATORY POLITICAL THEORY 27 2. The State of Nature 31 PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS 32 THE DOMINANT PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION 35 INVISIBLE-HAND EXPLANATIONS 37 IS THE DOMINANT PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION A STATE? 41 3. Moral Constraints and the State 45 THE MINIMAL STATE AND THE ULTRAMINIMAL STATE 45 MORAL CONSTRAINTS AND MORAL GOALS 46 WHY SIDE CONSTRAINTS/ 48 LIBERTARIAN CONSTRAINTS 50 CONSTRAINTS AND ANIMALS 52 THE EXPERIENCE MACHINE 58 UNDERDETERMINATION OF MORAL THEORY 60 WHAT ARE CONSTRAINTS BASED UPON? 62 THE INDIVIDUALIST ANARCHIST 65 4. Prohibition, Compensation, and Risk 68 INDEPENDENTS AND THE DOMINANT PROTECTIVE AGENCY 68 PROHIBITION AND COMPENSATION 69 WHY EVER PROHIBIT’ 71 RETRIBUTIVE AND DETERRENCE THEORIES OF PUNISHMENT 72 DIVIDING THE BENEFITS OF EXCHANGE 74 FEAR AND PROHIBITION 75 WHY NOT ALWAYS PROHIBIT? 80 RISK 82 THE PRINCIPLE OF COMPENSATION 85 PRODUCTIVE EXCHANGE 91 5. The State 97 PROHIBITING PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT OF JUSTICE 97 “THE PRINCIPLE OF FAIRNESS” 98 PROCEDURAL RIGHTS 103 HOW MAY THE DOMINANT AGENCY ACT’ 108 THE DE FACTO MONOPOLY 113 PROTECTING OTHERS 115 THE STATE 118 THE INVISIBLE-HAND EXPLANATION OF THE STATE 122 6. Further Considerations on the Argument for the State 125 STOPPING THE PROCESS? 125 PREEMPTIVE ATTACK 129 BEHAVIOR IN THE PROCESS 133 LEGITIMACY 136 THE RIGHT OF ALL TO PUNISH 139 PREVENTIVE RESTRAINT 143 PART II: Beyond the Minimal State? 148 7. Distributive Justice 149 SECTION I: 150 THE ENTITLEMENT THEORY 150 HISTORICAL PRINCIPLES AND END-RESULT PRINCIPLES 152 PATTERNING 154 HOW LIBERTY UPSETS PATTERNS 158 SEN’S ARGUMENT 161 REDISTRIBUTION AND PROPERTY RIGHTS 163 LOCKE’S THEORY OF ACQUISITION 169 THE PROVISO 172 SECTION II: 175 RAWLS’ THEORY 175 SOCIAL COOPERATION 176 TERMS OF COOPERATION AND THE DIFFERENCE PRINCIPLE 180 THE ORIGINAL POSITION AND END-RESULT PRINCIPLES 186 MACRO AND MICRO 191 NATURAL ASSETS AND ARBITRARINESS 198 THE POSITIVE ARGUMENT 201 THE NEGATIVE ARGUMENT 208 COLLECTIVE ASSETS 211 8. Equality, Envy, Exploitation, Etc. 219 EQUALITY 219 EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY 221 SELF-ESTEEM AND ENVY 224 MEANINGFUL WORK 229 WORKERS’ CONTROL 233 MARXIAN EXPLOITATION 235 VOLUNTARY EXCHANGE 243 PHILANTHROPY 245 HAVING A SAY OVER WHAT AFFECTS YOU 248 THE NONNEUTRAL STATE 250 HOW REDISTRIBUTION OPERATES 252 9. Demoktesis 257 CONSISTENCY AND PARALLEL EXAMPLES 257 THE MORE-THAN-MINIMAL STATE DERIVED 260 HYPOTHETICAL HISTORIES 270 PART III: Utopia 273 10. A Framework for Utopia 274 THE MODEL 274 THE MODEL PROJECTED ONTO OUR WORLD 281 THE FRAMEWORK 283 DESIGN DEVICES AND FILTER DEVICES 286 THE FRAMEWORK AS UTOPIAN COMMON GROUND 289 COMMUNITY AND NATION 291 COMMUNITIES WHICH CHANGE 293 TOTAL COMMUNITIES 294 UTOPIAN MEANS AND ENDS 295 HOW UTOPIA WORKS OUT 300 UTOPIA AND THE MINIMAL STATE 301 Notes 306 Bibliography 321 Index 326 "First published in response to John Rawls' A Theory of Justice, Robert Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia has since ingrained itself in contemporary political debates as one of the defining texts in classic libertarian thought. Challenging and ultimately rejecting liberal, socialist, and conservative agendas, Nozick boldly asserts that the rights of individuals are violated as a state's responsibilities increase--and the only way to avoid these violations rests in the creation of a minimalist state limited to protection against force, fraud, theft, and the enforcement of contracts. Translated into 100 languages, winner of the National Book Award, and named one of the 100 most influential books since World War II by the Times Literary Supplement, Anarchy, State, and Utopia remains one of the most theoretically trenchant and philosophically rich defenses of economic liberalism to date. With a new foreword by Thomas Nagel, this revised edition will introduce Nozick and his work to a new generation of readers"--Back cover **Anarchy, State, and Utopia** is a 1974 book by the American political philosopher Robert Nozick. It won the 1975 US National Book Award in category Philosophy and Religion, has been translated into 11 languages, and was named one of the "100 most influential books since the war" (1945–1995) by the UK *Times Literary Supplement*. In opposition to *A Theory of Justice* (1971) by John Rawls, and in debate with Michael Walzer,[3] Nozick argues in favor of a minimal state, "limited to the narrow functions of protection against force, theft, fraud, enforcement of contracts, and so on." When a state takes on more responsibilities than these, Nozick argues, rights will be violated. To support the idea of the minimal state, Nozick presents an argument that illustrates how the minimalist state arises naturally from anarchy and how any expansion of state power past this minimalist threshold is unjustified. (Source: [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchy,_State,_and_Utopia)) The foundational text of libertarian thought, named one of the 100 Most Influential Books since World War II ( Times Literary Supplement) First published in response to John Rawls' A Theory of Justice , Robert Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia has since become one of the defining texts in classic libertarian thought. Challenging and ultimately rejecting liberal, socialist, and conservative agendas, Nozick boldly asserts that the rights of individuals are violated as a state's responsibilities increase—and the only way to avoid these violations rests in the creation of a minimalist state limited to protection against force, fraud, theft, and the enforcement of contracts. Winner of the 1975 National Book Award, Anarchy, State and Utopia remains one of the most philosophically rich defenses of economic liberalism to date. With a new foreword by Thomas Nagel, this revised edition introduces Nozick and his work to a new generation of readers.

Translated into 100 languages, winner of the National Book Award, and named one of the 100 Most Influential Books since World War II by the Times Literary Supplement, Anarchy, State and Utopia remains one of the most theoretically trenchant and philosophically rich defenses of economic liberalism to date, as well as a foundational text in classical libertarian thought. With a new introduction by the philosopher Thomas Nagel, this revised edition will introduce Nozick and his work to a new generation of readers.

In this brilliant and widely acclaimed book, winner of the 1975 National Book Award, Robert Nozick challenges the most commonly held political and social positions of our age?liberal, socialist, and conservative "A major event in contemporary political philosophy."-Peter Singer, The New York Review of Books