Beyond 9-11 transdisciplinary perspectives on twenty-first century US American culture ; [the essays originate from the Transdisciplinary Symposium "9/11: Ten Years After, Looking Ahead", organized by the North American Studies Program at the University o

Rather than turning backward and remembering 9/11, this book sets out to reflect on how the events of September 11, 2001, have shifted our perspectives on a whole series of political, economic, social, and cultural processes. Beyond 9/11 raises the question how the intense debates on the 2001 terrorist attacks and their aftermaths have come to shape our present moment and frame what lies ahead. At the same time, this collection acknowledges that the label «9/11» has often bracketed cultural complexities we have only begun to understand. In Beyond 9/11, contributors from the fields of American studies, political science, economics, history, theology, and the arts reappraise the cultural climate and the global impact of the United States in the second decade of the twenty-first century. Cover......Page 1 General Editor’s Preface......Page 6 Acknowledgments......Page 8 Contents......Page 10 Introduction......Page 14 9/11 as “Climate Change”?......Page 17 The Costs and Commodification of 9/11......Page 19 The Spirit of 9/11......Page 21 Looking Beyond Ground Zero......Page 23 Works Cited......Page 26 9/11 as “Climate Change”?......Page 28 Checks and Balances and the Rule of Law......Page 30 Historical Precedents......Page 33 Structural Legacies......Page 36 Limits of Political Self-Correction......Page 39 Common Transatlantic Denominators......Page 41 Works Cited......Page 45 The Bush Case......Page 48 The Principle of Universal Jurisdiction......Page 51 Consequences for the Rule of Law and the Constitutional State......Page 55 The Case of Bush and the Principle of Universal Jurisdiction......Page 56 Works Cited and Consulted......Page 57 The U.S. Public after 9/11: Polarized Views on Foreign Policy?......Page 62 Polarization......Page 63 Polarized Views on Foreign Policy?......Page 67 The Role of Salience in Polarization......Page 71 Conclusion......Page 75 Works Cited......Page 76 “Dwelling in Crisis”: Terrorist and Environmental Risk Scenarios in the Post-9/11 Novel......Page 78 ‘Dwelling in Crisis,’ or: Living and Writing in the World Risk Society......Page 80 Reading Risk......Page 84 Works Cited......Page 91 Recovering from the Men We Loved to Hate: Barack Obama as a Representative of Post-Post-September 11 White House Masculinity......Page 94 Masculinity in the White House after the 2001 Attacks......Page 96 Enter Mr. Codpiece - White House Men as He-Men Warriors......Page 98 Enter Obama - The Post-Post-September 11 White House Man......Page 106 Contested Masculinities in the 2012 Election......Page 114 Works Cited......Page 116 The Costs and Commodification of 9/11......Page 122 Calculating the Costs of 9/11......Page 124 The 1993 and 2001Attacks on the World Trade Center Compared......Page 125 Psychological Aspects of the 9/11 Attacks......Page 128 Economic Costs of the 9/11 Attacks......Page 133 Works Cited......Page 137 Was Osama bin Laden Successful? An Economic Perspective on 9/11 and Beyond......Page 142 The Costs of the Wars in Economic Terms......Page 143 Osama bin Laden’s Objectives......Page 146 Was Osama bin Laden Successful?......Page 147 Indirect Costs......Page 149 Concluding Remarks......Page 150 Works Cited......Page 151 9/11 and the Literature Industry......Page 154 The Specter of 9/11 Discourse: The Commodification of a Tragedy?......Page 155 After the Fall: Revisiting the 9/11 Genre......Page 160 Commemoration, Commodification, and the 9/11 Novel Industry......Page 163 Works Cited......Page 167 Writing Energy Security after 9/11: Oil, Narrative, and Globalization......Page 170 In Defense of Literature......Page 172 American Gargantua, “$AVE OUR OIL!”: Gary Shteyngart and the Novel of Globalization......Page 177 Human Resources: Securing the Home in Franzen’s Freedom......Page 181 Manhattan Project: Kapitoil’s Language Code......Page 187 How to Be Alone - and Energy Independent......Page 192 Works Cited......Page 193 The Spirit of 9/11......Page 196 How Does God Speak in Times of Crisis?......Page 198 Experiencing a Spiritual Event......Page 199 A Fundamentalist Approach to Catastrophic Events......Page 200 Mourning after 9/11......Page 202 A Decisive Point in History?......Page 203 Different Voices of American Christianity......Page 206 Encountering Islam......Page 209 Competing Expectations?......Page 210 Works Cited......Page 211 The New American Muslim Identity: Defining American Islam over a Decade of Transformation......Page 214 The Muslims of the United States......Page 217 Islamophobia: The American Government and Religion Building......Page 219 Anti-Muslim Fallout: The Escalationfrom Fear to Hate and Discrimination......Page 220 The King Hearings......Page 225 Muslim Responses to the Islamophobia Industry......Page 226 Youth Activism......Page 227 Muslims in Popular Culture......Page 229 Educating about Islam......Page 233 The Terrorist’s Dead......Page 235 Conclusion......Page 236 Works Cited......Page 237 On Hallowed Ground: The Sacred Space of Ground Zero and the Consecration of Global Business......Page 246 Ground Zero and the Production of Sacred Space......Page 247 Reflecting Absence and a New Religion......Page 251 The Consecration of Business - and a Final Irony......Page 259 Works Cited......Page 262 Why “9/11 is [not] unique,” or: Troping Trauma......Page 264 Remembering 9/11, Romancing Trauma......Page 269 Designing Ground Zero, Dressing the Wound......Page 276 Repeated Acts of Failed Interpretation, or: “Weapons of Mass Displacement”......Page 278 Works Cited......Page 285 What Chabon Remembers: Terrorism, The Yiddish Policemen’s Union, and Nations without Borders......Page 290 Works Cited......Page 300 Looking Beyond Ground Zero......Page 302 The Surprising Staying Power of U.S. Primacy......Page 304 Cycles of Decline......Page 306 Power in International Affairs......Page 308 The International Power Structure......Page 311 Continued Primacy......Page 315 Works Cited......Page 320 The Long-Term Foreign Policy Consequences of 9/11: An American Neo-Isolationism?......Page 324 The 9/11 Wars: Costly and Inconclusive......Page 325 A Weakened Economic Basis......Page 327 Retrenchment and the Future of American Power......Page 329 Public Opinion: Just Drifting to Neo-Isolationism?......Page 333 Formulating Strategic Post-9/11 Wars Options under Isolationist Pressure......Page 335 Works Cited......Page 338 Haunted Fiction: The Ghosts of Ground Zero......Page 342 Personal Hauntings, Political Allegories......Page 344 History and Fiction......Page 348 Inter/Textualities......Page 351 Coda......Page 355 Works Cited and Consulted......Page 357 What Is Future-Founding Poetry?......Page 360 Whitman’s Project of Founding the Future......Page 362 Future-Founding Poetry after 9/11......Page 363 Rupture/Continuity......Page 366 Hope/Despair......Page 368 The Whitmanian 9/11 Poem......Page 376 The Terror of Finality......Page 380 Works Cited......Page 382 9/11 as “Unbild”: A Conversation......Page 384 Works Cited......Page 408 Theory/Philosophy......Page 410 Literature, Culture, Media......Page 412 Politics, Law, Economy, Society......Page 418 Ten Years After: Special Issues......Page 426 Contributors......Page 428 Cover 1 General Editor’s Preface 6 Acknowledgments 8 Contents 10 Introduction 14 Beyond 9/11: The Trajectory of this Book 17 9/11 as “Climate Change”? 17 The Costs and Commodification of 9/11 19 The Spirit of 9/11 21 Looking Beyond Ground Zero 23 Works Cited 26 9/11 as “Climate Change”? 28 9/11 and Its Transatlantic Legacies 30 Checks and Balances and the Rule of Law 30 Historical Precedents 33 Structural Legacies 36 Limits of Political Self-Correction 39 Common Transatlantic Denominators 41 Works Cited 45 Universal Jurisdiction and Torture: The Case of George W. Bush 48 The Bush Case 48 The Principle of Universal Jurisdiction 51 Consequences for the Rule of Law and the Constitutional State 55 The Case of Bush and the Principle of Universal Jurisdiction 56 Works Cited and Consulted 57 The U.S. Public after 9/11: Polarized Views on Foreign Policy? 62 Polarization 63 Polarized Views on Foreign Policy? 67 The Role of Salience in Polarization 71 Conclusion 75 Works Cited 76 “Dwelling in Crisis”: Terrorist and Environmental Risk Scenarios in the Post-9/11 Novel 78 ‘Dwelling in Crisis,’ or: Living and Writing in the World Risk Society 80 Reading Risk 84 Works Cited 91 Recovering from the Men We Loved to Hate: Barack Obama as a Representative of Post-Post-September 11 White House Masculinity 94 Masculinity in the White House after the 2001 Attacks 96 Enter Mr. Codpiece - White House Men as He-Men Warriors 98 Enter Obama - The Post-Post-September 11 White House Man 106 Contested Masculinities in the 2012 Election 114 Postscript 116 Works Cited 116 The Costs and Commodification of 9/11 122 Calculating the Costs of 9/11 124 The 1993 and 2001Attacks on the World Trade Center Compared 125 Psychological Aspects of the 9/11 Attacks 128 Economic Costs of the 9/11 Attacks 133 Works Cited 137 Was Osama bin Laden Successful? An Economic Perspective on 9/11 and Beyond 142 The Direct Costs of the 9/11 Attacks 143 The Costs of the Wars in Economic Terms 143 Osama bin Laden’s Objectives 146 Was Osama bin Laden Successful? 147 Indirect Costs 149 Concluding Remarks 150 Works Cited 151 9/11 and the Literature Industry 154 The Specter of 9/11 Discourse: The Commodification of a Tragedy? 155 After the Fall: Revisiting the 9/11 Genre 160 Commemoration, Commodification, and the 9/11 Novel Industry 163 Works Cited 167 Writing Energy Security after 9/11: Oil, Narrative, and Globalization 170 In Defense of Literature 172 American Gargantua, “$AVE OUR OIL!”: Gary Shteyngart and the Novel of Globalization 177 Human Resources: Securing the Home in Franzen’s Freedom 181 Manhattan Project: Kapitoil’s Language Code 187 How to Be Alone - and Energy Independent 192 Works Cited 193 The Spirit of 9/11 196 9/11 as a Spiritual Event 198 How Does God Speak in Times of Crisis? 198 Experiencing a Spiritual Event 199 A Fundamentalist Approach to Catastrophic Events 200 Mourning after 9/11 202 A Decisive Point in History? 203 Different Voices of American Christianity 206 Encountering Islam 209 Competing Expectations? 210 Works Cited 211 The New American Muslim Identity: Defining American Islam over a Decade of Transformation 214 The Muslims of the United States 217 Islamophobia: The American Government and Religion Building 219 Anti-Muslim Fallout: The Escalationfrom Fear to Hate and Discrimination 220 The King Hearings 225 Muslim Responses to the Islamophobia Industry 226 Youth Activism 227 Muslims in Popular Culture 229 Educating about Islam 233 The Terrorist’s Dead 235 Conclusion 236 Works Cited 237 On Hallowed Ground: The Sacred Space of Ground Zero and the Consecration of Global Business 246 Ground Zero and the Production of Sacred Space 247 Reflecting Absence and a New Religion 251 The Consecration of Business - and a Final Irony 259 Works Cited 262 Why “9/11 is [not] unique,” or: Troping Trauma 264 Remembering 9/11, Romancing Trauma 269 Designing Ground Zero, Dressing the Wound 276 Repeated Acts of Failed Interpretation, or: “Weapons of Mass Displacement” 278 Works Cited 285 What Chabon Remembers: Terrorism, The Yiddish Policemen’s Union, and Nations without Borders 290 Works Cited 300 Looking Beyond Ground Zero 302 The Surprising Staying Power of U.S. Primacy 304 Cycles of Decline 306 Power in International Affairs 308 The International Power Structure 311 Continued Primacy 315 Works Cited 320 The Long-Term Foreign Policy Consequences of 9/11: An American Neo-Isolationism? 324 The 9/11 Wars: Costly and Inconclusive 325 A Weakened Economic Basis 327 Retrenchment and the Future of American Power 329 Public Opinion: Just Drifting to Neo-Isolationism? 333 Formulating Strategic Post-9/11 Wars Options under Isolationist Pressure 335 Works Cited 338 Haunted Fiction: The Ghosts of Ground Zero 342 Personal Hauntings, Political Allegories 344 History and Fiction 348 Inter/Textualities 351 Coda 355 Works Cited and Consulted 357 Future-Founding Poetry after 9/11 360 What Is Future-Founding Poetry? 360 Whitman’s Project of Founding the Future 362 Future-Founding Poetry after 9/11 363 Rupture/Continuity 366 Hope/Despair 368 The Whitmanian 9/11 Poem 376 The Terror of Finality 380 Works Cited 382 9/11 as “Unbild”: A Conversation 384 Works Cited 408 Beyond 9/11: A Bibliography 410 Theory/Philosophy 410 Literature, Culture, Media 412 Politics, Law, Economy, Society 418 Ten Years After: Special Issues 426 Contributors 428 Machine-generated Contents Note: 9/11 As Climate Change? -- 9/11 And Its Transatlantic Legacies / Bernd Greiner -- Universal Jurisdiction And Torture: The Case Of George W. Bush / Mandana Biegi -- The U.s. Public After 9/11: Polarized Views On Foreign Policy? / Henrike Viehrig -- Dwelling In Crisis: Terrorist And Environmental Risk Scenarios In The Post-9/11 Novel / Sylvia Mayer -- Recovering From The Men We Loved To Hate: Barack Obama As A Representative Of Post-post-september 11 White House Masculinity / Greta Olson -- The Costs And Commodification Of 9/11 -- Calculating The Costs Of 9/11 / Tim Krieger -- Was Osama Bin Laden Successful? An Economic Perspective On 9/11 And Beyond / Klaas Staal -- 9/11 And The Literature Industry / Simone Knewitz -- Writing Energy Security After 9/11: Oil, Narrative, And Globalization / Georgiana Banita -- The Spirit Of 9/11 -- 9/11 As A Spiritual Event / Gerhard Sauter -- The New American Muslim Identity: Defining American Islam Over A Decade Of Transformation / Nazir Harb -- On Hallowed Ground: The Sacred Space Of Ground Zero And The Consecration Of Global Business / Christian Kloeckner -- Why 9/11 Is [not] Unique, Or: Troping Trauma / Sabine Sielke -- What Chabon Remembers: Terrorism, The Yiddish Policemen's Union, And Nations Without Borders / Andrew S. Gross -- Looking Beyond Ground Zero -- The Surprising Staying Power Of U.s. Primacy / Patrick Keller -- The Long-term Foreign Policy Consequences Of 9/11: An American Neo-isolationism? / Andreas Falke -- Haunted Fiction: The Ghosts Of Ground Zero / Birgit Dawes -- Future-founding Poetry After 9/11 / Sascha Pohlmann -- 9/11 As Unbild: A Conversation / Christian Kloeckner -- Beyond 9/11: A Bibliography / Bjorn Bosserhoff. Christian Kloeckner, Simone Knewitz, Sabine Sielke (ed.s) ; In Collaboration With Björn Bosserhoff. The Essays In This Collection Originate From The Transdisciplinary Symposium 9/11 : Ten Years After, Looking Ahead, Organized By The North American Studies Program At The University Of Bonn On The Occasion Of The Tenth Anniversary Of The Terrorist Attacks. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 409-426).