Between Temple and Tomb The Demotic Ritual Texts of Bodl. MS. Egypt. a. 3(P) : The Demotic Ritual Texts of Bodl. MS. Egypt. a. 3(P)

The ancient Egyptians believed that rites performed for Osiris, the god of the dead, played a critical role in maintaining Egypt's well-being and prosperity. Not only did they ensure the renewed fertility of the country's arable land, they also guaranteed the political and social cohesion of the Egyptian state. However, it was not only at the national level, but at the individual level as well, that the Egyptians deemed such rites to be beneficial. Ritual texts intended to restore Osiris to life, suitably adapted, could also be recited for deceased individuals. Thus they could benefit from them in the same way that Osiris did. In the Graeco-Roman Period, adapted ritual texts of this sort were employed alongside texts originally composed for use in the funerary cult of ordinary deceased people. A number of ritual texts which are first attested in the private sphere subsequently appear in the temple sphere as well. Some ritual texts appear to have moved back and forth from one sphere to another, which suggests that the boundaries between the Osirian temple cult and the private funerary cult may have been more fluid than we usually imagine. The ritual texts edited in this volume offer an excellent opportunity to explore these and related issues. Most of them are known to have been employed both for the benefit of the god Osiris and for ordinary deceased people, in certain cases, during one and the same period of Egypt's history. This is one of their most interesting and striking features. They stand at the interface between temple cult and cult of the dead and allow us to trace the transmission of beliefs and practices from one sphere to the other. The ancient Egyptians believed that rites performed for Osiris, the god of the dead, played a critical role in maintaining Egypt?s well-being and prosperity. Not only did they ensure the renewed fertility of the country?s arable land, they also guaranteed the political and social cohesion of the Egyptian state. However, it was not only at the national level, but at the individual level as well, that the Egyptians deemed such rites to be beneficial. Ritual texts intended to restore Osiris to life, suitably adapted, could also be recited for deceased individuals. Thus they could benefit from them in the same way that Osiris did. In the Graeco-Roman Period, adapted ritual texts of this sort were employed alongside texts originally composed for use in the funerary cult of ordinary deceased people. A number of ritual texts which are first attested in the private sphere subsequently appear in the temple sphere as well. Some ritual texts appear to have moved back and forth from one sphere to another, which suggests that the boundaries between the Osirian temple cult and the private funerary cult may have been more fluid than we usually imagine.0The ritual texts edited in this volume offer an excellent opportunity to explore these and related issues. Most of them are known to have been employed both for the benefit of the god Osiris and for ordinary deceased people, in certain cases, during one and the same period of Egypt?s history. This is one of their most interesting and striking features. They stand at the interface between temple cult and cult of the dead and allow us to trace the transmission of beliefs and practices from one sphere to the other Cover Title pages Contents List of Plates Acknowledgements Abbreviations used in this volume Introduction 1.1 The history of the manuscript, its acquisition and present location 1.2 Description of the papyrus roll 1.3 The layout of the writing on the papyrus 1.4 Description of the columns of ritual texts on the front of the papyrus 1.5 The date when the texts were inscribed 1.6 The provenience of Bodl. MS. Egypt. a. 3(P) 1.7 Description of the contents of the ritual texts inscribed on thepapyrus 1.8 The purpose for which the ritual texts of the Bodleian manuscriptwere compiled 1.9 The context of usage of the ritual texts on the Bodleian papyrus 1.10 The ultimate destination of the Bodleian papyrus 1.11 The relationship of the ritual texts on the Bodleian papyrus to oneanother 1.12 Common themes 1.13 The sequence of the offering spells inscribed in Columns 8–10 1.14 The source(s) from which the ritual texts were copied 1.15 The language of the ritual texts 1.16 The orthography of the ritual texts: unetymological writings 1.17 Previous publications dealing with the Bodleian papyrus 1.18 The plan of the present edition 2. Transliteration and Translation Column 8 Column 9 Column 10 3. Commentary Column 8 Column 9 Column 10 4. Bibliography of works cited 5. Glossary A. General Vocabulary B. Divine Names C. Toponyms D. Traces of Unidentifiable Words (listed in order of occurrence) Plates Plate 1 Plate 2 Plate 3 Plate 4 Plate 5 Plate 6 Plate 7 Plate 8 Plate 9 Plate 10 Plate 11 Plate 12 Plate 13 Plate 14