Between Politics and Science : Assuring the Productivity and Integrity of Research

Combining political-economic, sociological, and historical approaches, Professor Guston provides a coherent new framework for analyzing the changing relationship between politics and science in the United States. After World War II, the "social contract for science" assumed that the integrity and productivity of research were automatic; a belief that endured for four decades. But in the 1980s, cases of misconduct in science and flagging economic performance broke the trust between politics and science. New "boundary organizations" were created to mend the relationship between scientists and politicians. This book combines political-economic, sociological and historical approaches to provide a coherent framework for analysing the changing relationship between politics and science in the United States. Fundamental to this relationship are problems of delegation, especially the integrity and productivity of sponsored research: politicians must see that research is conducted with integrity and productivity, and scientists must be able to show it. A science policy regime changes when solutions to these problems change. After World War II, the 'social contract for science' assumed that the integrity and productivity of research were automatic and, despite many challenges, that contract endured for four decades. However in the 1980s, as rich empirical studies show, cases of misconduct in science and flagging economic performance broke the trust between politics and science. New 'boundary organizations', in which scientists and nonscientists collaborate to assure the integrity and productivity of research, were created to mend the relationship This book combines political-economic, sociological and historical approaches to provide a coherent new framework for analyzing the changing relationship between politics and science in the United States. Fundamental to this relationship are problems of delegation, especially the integrity and productivity of sponsored research: politicians must see that research is conducted with integrity and productivity, and scientists must be able to show it. A science policy regime changes when solutions to these problems change. After World War II, the 'social contract for science' assumed that the integrity and productivity of research were automatic and, despite many challenges, that contract endured for four decades. But in the 1980s, as rich empirical studies show, cases of misconduct in science and flagging economic performance broke the trust between politics and science. New 'boundary organizations', in which scientists and nonscientists collaborate to assure the integrity and productivity of research, were created to mend the relationship "In this book, David H. Guston combines political-economic, sociological, and historical insights to analyze the ways the integrity and productivity of research are negotiated in the United States. He shows how. after World War II, a "social contract for science" assumed integrity and productivity were the automatic products of unfettered scientific inquiry. Surveying four decades of controversies in science policy, Guston demonstrates how this assumption endured inquiries into the loyalty, the financial Accountability, and the technological goals of scientists."--BOOK JACKET. This book provides a framework for analysing the changing relationship between politics and science in America. Professor Guston charts how a long-lasting 'social contract' between scientists and politicians after World War II lapsed into mutual distrust by the 1980s and describes 'boundary organizations' then formed to mend the relationship. To E. E. Schattschneider's characterization of democracy as a form of collaboration among the ignorant and the expert we might add, so too is science policy.