BetaSys : Systems Biology of Regulated Exocytosis in Pancreatic ß-Cells

The insulin secreting β-cell is one of the most specialized cell types with diverse and multi-functional components (genes, gene products, organelles and metabolites) and a multitude of regulatory strategies in response to internal and environmental signals. This book looks at the technological advances that make simultaneous detection of thousands of biological variables possible; at a substantial variety of mathematical models and numerical simulations that aim to explain major aspects of the β-cell function; and at the challenge to formulate a comprehensive and robust model of the main networks of the underlying biochemical and physical processes for diagnostic and therapeutic use. Front Matter....Pages i-xviii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Systems Biology of the β-Cell – Revisited....Pages 3-23 Established Facts and Open Questions of Regulated Exocytosis in β-Cells – A Background for a Focused Systems Analysis Approach....Pages 25-52 Mitochondria and Metabolic Signals in β-Cells....Pages 53-71 β-Cell Ontogenesis and the Insulin Production Apparatus....Pages 73-81 The Role of the Cytoskeleton in Transport and Release of Insulin-Containing Granules by Pancreatic β-Cells....Pages 83-95 The Mathematical Microscope – Making the Inaccessible Accessible....Pages 97-118 Front Matter....Pages 119-119 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pancreatic β-Cells....Pages 121-146 Mapping the β-Cell in 3D at the Nanoscale Using Novel Cellular Electron Tomography and Computational Approaches....Pages 147-183 In Vivo Applications of Inorganic Nanoparticles....Pages 185-220 Cell Cultivation and Sensor-Based Assays for Dynamic Measurements of Cell Vitality....Pages 221-240 Bioimpedance Spectroscopy....Pages 241-271 Front Matter....Pages 273-273 DNA Variations, Impaired Insulin Secretion and Type 2 Diabetes....Pages 275-297 Genetically Programmed Defects in β-Cell Function....Pages 299-326 Proteomic AnalysisProteomic analysis of the Pancreatic Islet β-Cellpancreatic islet β-cell Secretory Granulesecretory granule : Current Understanding and Future Opportunities....Pages 327-362 Physiological and Pathophysiological Role of Islet Amyloidislet amyloid Polypeptide islet amyloid polypeptide ( IAPPIAPP , Amylinamylin )....Pages 363-386 Front Matter....Pages 387-387 Present State of Islet Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes Patients....Pages 389-405 Predictive Protein Networks and Identification of Druggable Targets in the β-Cell....Pages 407-418 Nanotoxicity....Pages 419-434 Front Matter....Pages 435-435 From Silicon Cellsilicon cell to Silicon Humansilicon human ....Pages 437-458 Probing Cellular Dynamics with Mesoscopic Simulations....Pages 459-473 Front Matter....Pages 435-435 What Drives Calcium Oscillations in β-Cells? New Tasks for Cyclic Analysis....Pages 475-488 Whole-Body and Cellular Models of Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion....Pages 489-503 Geometric and Electromagnetic Aspects of Fusion Pore Making....Pages 505-538 Back Matter....Pages 539-558 The insulin secreting [beta]-cell is one of the most specialized cell types with diverse and multi-functional components (genes, gene products, organelles and metabolites) and a multitude of regulatory strategies in response to internal and environmental signals. This book looks at the technological advances that make simultaneous detection of thousands of biological variables possible; at a substantial variety of mathematical models and numerical simulations that aim to explain major aspects of the [beta]-cell function; and at the challenge to formulate a comprehensive and robust model of the main networks of the underlying biochemical and physical processes for diagnostic and therapeutic use BetaSys uses the example of regulated exocytosis in pancreatic β-cells, and its relevance to diabetes, to illustrate the major concepts of systems biology, its methods and applications.