Beneficiation of phosphates : technology advance and adoption ; [proceedings ; International Conference on Phospate Beneficiation, February 17-22, 2008, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Beneficiation of Phosphates: Technology Advance and Adoption is the exclusive source of information on research and technology advances in phosphate mineral processing. More than 100 internationally respected authors from 20 countries explore the latest developments in an industry experiencing unprecedented change and prosperity. Abstract: Beneficiation of Phosphates: Technology Advance and Adoption is the exclusive source of information on research and technology advances in phosphate mineral processing. More than 100 internationally respected authors from 20 countries explore the latest developments in an industry experiencing unprecedented change and prosperity Cover 1 Title Page 2 Copyright 3 Contents 4 Preface 8 SECTION 1: Fundamentals 12 CHAPTER 1: How Particle Size, Contact Angle, and Cell Hydrodynamics Control the Limits of Flotation 14 CHAPTER 2: Surface Tension of Solution and Its Influence on the Selectivity of the Separation Between Apatite and Gangue Minerals by Flotation with Long Chain Anionic Collector 30 CHAPTER 3: The Role of Picobubbles on Coarse Phosphate Flotation Behavior 38 CHAPTER 4: The Influence of Micas and Related Minerals on the Direct Anionic Flotation of Apatite from the Tapira Mine, Brazil—Part 1. Characterization, Sedimentation Behavior, and Flotation Response of Micaceous Minerals 46 CHAPTER 5: Effect of Feed Characteristics on Flotation Performance of Phosphate Ores 54 CHAPTER 6: Apatite from Alkaline Complexes—Behavior in Mineral Processing and Characterization Techniques 64 SECTION 2: Sustainability and the Environment 76 CHAPTER 7: A Novel Technique for Water Recovery and Land Reclamation Using Phosphatic Clay and Sand Tailings 78 CHAPTER 8: Pilot-Scale Demonstration of Deep ConeTM Paste Thickening Process for Phosphatic Clay/Sand Disposal 92 CHAPTER 9: Laboratory Studies on Flocculation of Phosphatic Clay and Sand/Clay Mixture as a Forerunner to Phosphate Tailings Disposal Using the Deep Cone Paste Technology—Part I. Screening of Anionic and Cationic Polymers 106 CHAPTER 10: Laboratory Studies on Flocculation of Phosphatic Clay and Sand/Clay Mixture as a Forerunner to Phosphate Tailings Disposal Using the Deep Cone Paste Technology—Part II. Rheological Characterization 128 CHAPTER 11: The New Sustainable Source for Phosphorus Fertilizer? 144 SECTION 3: Reagents 150 CHAPTER 12: Phosphorous Resources Beneficiation and Research Advances in China 152 CHAPTER 13: The Role of Surfactants on Collectors and Modifiers for Improving Phosphate Flotation 162 CHAPTER 14: Apatite Dispersants 172 CHAPTER 15: Development of Custofloat® Collectors for Processing Yunnan Sedimentary Dolomitic Phosphate Ore 180 CHAPTER 16: Comparative Froth Flotation Studies of Brazilian Phosphate Rock with Different Collectors and Depressants 186 SECTION 4: Process Innovations 192 CHAPTER 17: Optimization of Jordanian Phosphate Flotation 194 CHAPTER 18: Upgrading Intermediate Pebble Grade by Grinding and Amine Flotation 202 CHAPTER 19: Citro-Acidulation of Rock Phosphates for Rapid Conversion of Fluorapatite to Hydroxyapatite 208 CHAPTER 20: Jordanian Phosphate Mining History 216 CHAPTER 21: Phosphate Flotation—From Boulders to Bug-Dust 224 SECTION 5: Analysis and Control 232 CHAPTER 22: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Online Analyses of Phosphates: Long-Term Stability Test 234 CHAPTER 23: Characterization of Apatite from Salitre Deposit by Cathodoluminescence Microscopy and Chemical Microanalysis (SEM-EDS/WDS) 244 CHAPTER 24: Applied Mineralogy Supporting Silicates Removal from Apatite Ore at Cajati Mine, São Paulo 252 CHAPTER 25: Phosphate Deposits of Iran: Distribution and Mineralization Phases 262 SECTION 6: Hydrometallurgical Processing 274 CHAPTER 26: The Removal Processes of Phosphoric Acid Impurities: Challenges and Opportunities 276 CHAPTER 27: Contamination of Potentially Trace Metals in Aqaba and Eshidiya Phosphogypsum 284 CHAPTER 28: The Recovery of Uranium from Phosphoric Acid, the Third Time Around 296 CHAPTER 29: The Martison Phosphate Project 304 CHAPTER 30: Uranium: From Phosphates to the Environment 308 SECTION 7: Processing of Refractory Ores 314 CHAPTER 31: Selective Flotation of Calcite from Apatite by Using Phosphoric Acid and Citric Acid as Depressants 316 CHAPTER 32: Laboratory and Pilot-Plant Flotation Tests on Anning Phosphate Ore at Ambient Temperature 322 CHAPTER 33: Direct Flotation of Apatite from Dolomite, Calcite, and Silica in Complex Jhamarkotra Ore, Rajasthan, India 328 CHAPTER 34: Dolomite Flotation of High MgO Phosphate Pebble Using Different Particle Size Feed 338 SECTION 8: Flotation Research and Practice 346 CHAPTER 35: How to Conduct a “Standard” Florida Phosphate Lab Flotation Test 348 CHAPTER 36: Recent Development of a Direct-Reverse Flotation Process for Phosphate Ore in China 356 CHAPTER 37: Recovery Improvements for Florida Phosphate 366 CHAPTER 38: Liberation Limitations to Phosphate Flotation Recovery and Concentrate Grade as Revealed by 3‐D X-ray Micro CT Analysis 372 CHAPTER 39: The Influence of Micas and Related Minerals on the Direct Anionic Flotation of Apatite from the Tapira Mine, Brazil—Part 2. Studies on Apatite/Micaceous Minerals Mixtures 380 Index 390 Back cover 395 Beneficiation of Phosphates: Technology Advance and Adoption is the exclusive source of information on research and technology advances in phosphate mineral processing. More than 100 internationally respected authors from 20 countries explore the latest developments in an industry experiencing unprecedented change and prosperity. In Beneficiation of Phosphates you ll learn about promising new technologies such as enhanced flotation and breakthroughs in on-line analysis. Flocculation-based deep cone thickening technology for fine waste tailings treatment is also examined. This has the potential to eliminate a host of environmental problems associated with waste disposal. These and other compelling case histories provide insights into ensuring the long-term viability of an industry that “feeds” the world with this life-sustaining, yet nonrenewable resource. Beneficiation of Phosphates: Technology Advance and Adoption is an authoritative, up-to-date resource for industry managers, engineers, regulators, and environmental groups, as well as mining and minerals processing students, faculty, and researchers.