Beneficial microorganisms in agriculture, food and the environment : safety assessment and regulation

Microbes and the law : safety assessment and regulation of beneficial microorganisms / Ingvar Sundh, Andrea Wilcks, and Mark S. Goettel Safety and regulation of microorganisms added to the food and feed chains, including probiotics : introduction and overview / Stephen Wessels Microbes for human and animal consumption / Atte von Wright Antibiotic resistance in relation to starter cultures and probiotics / Andrea Wilcks and Angela H.A.M. van Hoek Biopreservation of food and feed by postharvest biocontrol with microorganisms / Michael Wisniewski and Samir Droby Safety and regulation of microbal pest control agents and microbial plant growth promoters-introduction and overview / Rüdiger Hauschild Microbial control of invertebrate pests / Stefan T. Jaronski Microbial control of plant diseases / Claude Alabouvette, Ulf Heilig, and Christelle Cordier Safety and regulation of microbial control of weeds / Harry C. Evans and Marion K. Seier Plant growth promotion with microorganisms / John G. Howieson and Sharon L. Fox Regulation of microorganisms used for bioremediation, biorefinery and other bioindustrial applications in the USA and Canada / Jim Louter, John J. Sedivy, and Mark Segal Determining the safety of microorganisms-introduction and overview / Hans E.N. Bergmans Virulence genes in risk assessment of beneficial microorganisms: what do genome sequences tell us? / Trudy M. Wassenaar and Thomas Alter Occupational safety of microbial agents / Anne Mette Madsen and Kira Tendal Model systems for testing microbial pathogenicity, virulence and toxicity-introduction and overview / Andrea Wilcks, Mark S. Goettel,and Ingvar Sundh Nematode and insect models to assay microbial infectivity, virulence, and cytotoxicity / C. Leopold Kurz and François Leulier Assessing potential cytotoxicity of biocontrol microorganisms using invertebrate assays / Claudio Altomare, Barbara Pernfuss, and Hermann Strasser Assessing genotoxic effects of microbial products / Milton A. Typas and Vassili N. Kouvelis Assessing the sensitization and irritation properties of microorganisms / Gregorio Loprieno International conventions and agreements-consequences for international trade and utilization of biological matter including microorganisms / Carl-Gustaf Thornström OECD guidelines and harmonization for microbial control agents / Jeroen Meeussen Understanding public risk perception for the use of beneficial microorganisms / Keith D. Warner. Contents......Page 6 Contributors......Page 10 Preface......Page 12 1 Microbes and the Law – Safety Assessment and Regulation of Beneficial Microorganisms......Page 14 2 Safety and Regulation of Microorganisms Added to the Food and Feed Chains, Including Probiotics – Introduction and Overview......Page 25 3 Microbes for Human and Animal Consumption......Page 40 4 Antibiotic Resistance in Relation to Starter Cultures and Probiotics......Page 54 5 Biopreservation of Food and Feed by Postharvest Biocontrol with Microorganisms......Page 70 6 Safety and Regulation of Microbial Pest Control Agents and Microbial Plant Growth Promoters – Introduction and Overview......Page 80 7 Microbial Control of Invertebrate Pests......Page 85 8 Microbial Control of Plant Diseases......Page 109 9 Safety and Regulation of Microbial Control of Weeds......Page 125 10 Plant Growth Promotion with Microorganisms......Page 151 11 Regulation of Microorganisms Used for Bioremediation, Biorefinery and Other Bioindustrial Applications in the USA and Canada......Page 166 12 Determining the Safety of Microorganisms – Introduction and Overview......Page 180 13 Virulence Genes in Risk Assessment of Beneficial Microorganisms: What Do Genome Sequences Tell Us?......Page 193 14 Occupational Safety of Microbial Agents......Page 210 15 Model Systems for Testing Microbial Pathogenicity, Virulence and Toxicity – Introduction and Overview......Page 230 16 Nematode and Insect Models to Assay Microbial Infectivity, Virulence and Cytotoxicity......Page 236 17 Assessing Potential Cytotoxicity of Biocontrol Microorganisms Using Invertebrate Assays......Page 253 18 Assessing Genotoxic Effects of Microbial Products......Page 269 19 Assessing the Sensitization and Irritant Properties of Microorganisms......Page 288 20 International Conventions and Agreements – Consequences for International Trade and Utilization of Biological Matter, Including Microorganisms......Page 306 21 OECD Guidelines and Harmonization for Microbial Control Agents......Page 321 22 Understanding Public Risk Perception for the Use of Beneficial Microorganisms......Page 335 A......Page 348 C......Page 349 F......Page 350 I......Page 351 L......Page 352 P......Page 353 T......Page 355 Z......Page 356 Microorganisms are widely used in various beneficial applications, including food, pest control, bioremediation, biodegradation, biofuel processes, and plant symbiosis and growth stimulation. his book provides an overview of the available methodology for safety assessments of microorganisms, including determination of their infectivity and whether they produce toxic or sensitising substances. Also covered are the regulatory systems in risk assessment and management of microbial products, quarantine legislations, international treaties, the importance of public risk perception and risk reduction behaviour Microorganisms are widely used in various beneficial applications, including food, pest control, bioremediation, biodegradation, biofuel processes, and plant symbiosis and growth stimulation. This book provides an overview of the available methodology for safety assessments of microorganisms, including determination of their infectivity and whether they produce toxic or sensitizing substances. Also covered are the regulatory systems in risk assessment and management of microbial products, quarantine legislations, international treaties, the importance of public risk perception and risk reducti