پشت نمای پست‌مدرن: تغییرات معماری در آمریکا در اواخر قرن بیستم

Magali Larson's comprehensive study explores how architecture ''happens'' and what has become of the profession in the postmodern era. Drawing from extensive interviews with pivotal architects--from Philip Johnson, who was among the first to introduce European modernism to America, to Peter Eisenman, identified with a new ''deconstructionist'' style--she analyzes the complex tensions that exist between economic interest, professional status, and architectural product. She investigates the symbolic awards and recognition accorded by prestigious journals and panels, exposing the inner workings of a profession in a precarious social position. Larson captures the struggles around status, place, and power as architects seek to redefine their very purpose in contemporary America. The author's novel approach in synthesizing sociological research and theory proposes nothing less than a new cultural history of architecture. This is a ground-breaking contribution to the study of culture and the sociology of knowledge, as well as to architectural and urban history. 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page_281 293 page_282 294 page_283 295 page_284 296 page_285 297 page_286 298 page_287 299 page_288 300 page_289 301 page_290 302 page_291 303 page_292 304 page_293 305 page_294 306 page_295 307 page_296 308 page_297 309 page_298 311 page_299 312 page_300 314 page_301 315 page_302 316 page_303 317 page_304 318 page_305 319 page_306 320 page_307 321 page_309 322 page_310 325 page_311 329 page_312 332 page_313 336 page_314 340 page_315 343 page_316 347 page_317 351 page_318 355 page_319 359 page_320 360 Born amidst the furious social changes of the mid-1960s, postmodern architecture redefined the purposes of a prestigious profession. In this work, Magali Sarfatti Larson gives a bold and comprehensive account of the social, economic, and ideological shifts that cracked the modernist dogma and reintroduced historical allusion, diversity, and ornament into architectural discourse and practice. She connects the socioeconomic realities of postindustrial America to the specific architects who shape the space around us in an arena where practical constraints - such as the organization of firms, clients, and commissions - determine what can be built. Modernism, which took shape in the war-shattered Europe of the 1920s, was energized by a powerful desire for radical social reform. Later it came to express the social and economic domination of corporate capitalism symbolized by interchangeable glass-box cityscapes. As modernism exhausted itself both economically and ideologically, architects like Robert Venturi and Michael Graves began to call for new principles and to embrace the motifs and methods of architectural history and popular culture. The demise of modernism threw the architectural profession into a still unresolved crisis in which parts of the profession questioned not only its discourse but also the architect's subservience to the predominant structures of power. Sarfatti Larson analyzes the complex tensions that exist between economic interest, professional status, and architectural product. She explores, for instance, the symbolic reward systems that consist of awards and recognition by prestigious journals and panels. She deftly exposes the inner workings of a profession in a precarious social position, struggling to ensure the status, place, and power of architects in American society, even as that society redefines the very purpose of architecture. Behind the Postmodern Facade draws from extensive interviews with pivotal architects - from Philip Johnson, who was among the first to introduce European modernism to America, to Peter Eisenman, who condemns what has already become a "traditional post-modernism" and chooses instead to provoke clients and viewers with a new "deconstructionist" style. This book synthesizes sociological research and theory in a novel approach to the artistic field where postmodernism began: Sarfatti Larson proposes a cultural history which reveals precisely how architecture "happens" and what has become of the profession in the postmodern era. Behind the Postmodern Facade makes a ground-breaking contribution to the study of culture and the sociology of knowledge, as well as to architectural and urban history. It will make essential reading for anyone seeking insight into the postmodern phenomenon