Becoming Brazilians: Race and National Identity in Twentieth-Century Brazil (New Approaches to the Americas)

"This book traces the rise and decline of Gilberto Freyre's vision of racial and cultural mixture (mestiçagem - or race mixing) as the defining feature of Brazilian culture in the twentieth century. Eakin traces how mestiçagem moved from a conversation among a small group of intellectuals to become the dominant feature of Brazilian national identity, demonstrating how diverse Brazilians embraced mestiçagem, via popular music, film and television, literature, soccer, and protest movements. The Freyrean vision of the unity of Brazilians built on mestiçagem begins a gradual decline in the 1980s with the emergence of an identity politics stressing racial differences and multiculturalism. The book combines intellectual history, sociological and anthropological field work, political science, and cultural studies for a wide-ranging analysis of how Brazilians - across social classes - became Brazilians" This Book Traces The Rise And Decline Of Gilberto Freyre's Vision Of Racial And Cultural Mixture (mesticagem - Or Race Mixing) As The Defining Feature Of Brazilian Culture In The Twentieth Century. Eakin Traces How Mesticagem Moved From A Conversation Among A Small Group Of Intellectuals To Become The Dominant Feature Of Brazilian National Identity, Demonstrating How Diverse Brazilians Embraced Mesticagem, Via Popular Dance And Music, Film And Television, Literature, Soccer, And Protest Movements. The Freyrean Vision Of The Unity Of Brazilians Built On Mesticagem Begins A Gradual Decline In The 1980s With The Emergence Of An Identity Politics Stressing Racial Differences And Multiculturalism-- Gilberto Freyre And The Myth Of Mestiçagem -- Gilberto Freyre And Casa-grande E Senzala -- Constructing Myths, Rituals, And Symbols -- Key Themes -- Modernism -- Decline Of The Freyrean Vision -- An Overview Of The Book -- 1. From The Spectacle Of Races To Luso-tropical Civilization -- Constructing State And Nation -- Race And National Identity -- Modernism And Modernity -- Gilberto Freyre And The Creation Of The Myth Of Mestiçagem -- 2. Communicating And Understanding Mestiçagem : Radio, Samba, And Carnaval -- The State, Media, And Popular Culture -- Radio And The Creation Of Samba -- Samba, Carnaval, And Getúlio Vargas -- Carnaval, Gender, The Malandro, And The Mulata -- The Malandro -- 3. Visualizing Mestiçagem : Literature, Film, And The Mulata -- A New Visual Culture And The Freyrean Mulata -- Carmen Miranda : An Iconic Cinematic Mulata? -- Carnaval And Cinema -- Mestiço Nationalism, Cinema Novo, And Bossa Nova -- Creating The Iconic Mulata : Jorge Amado And Sonia Braga -- 4. Globo-lizing Brazil : Televising Identity -- The Television Revolution And The Rise Of The Globo Empire -- Modernity, Identity, And The Jornal Nacional -- Telenovelas And National Identity -- Broadcasting Carnaval And Futebol -- 5. The Beautiful Game : Performing The Freyrean Vision -- Creating The Myth Of Futebol-mulato -- From English Sport To Jogo Do Povo -- Futebol-mestiço, Futebol-mulato, Futebol-arte -- Identity And The End Of Futebol-arte? -- Gilberto Freyre, Mario Filho, Mestiçagem, And Citizenship -- 6. The Sounds Of Cultural Citizenship -- Cultural Citizenship And Cultural Nationalism -- Music, Region, Nation -- Música Popular Brasileira And Cultural Nationalism -- Popular Music, Nationalism, Citizenship -- 7. Culture, Identity, And Citizenship -- Civic And Cultural Nationalisms -- Citizenships -- The Diretas Já Campaign -- Impeachment, Citizenship, And Nationalism -- Challenges To The Freyrean Vision -- Epilogue: Nation And Identity In The Twentieth And The Twenty-first Centuries -- The Return Of Gilberto Freyre -- Technology : Forging And Eroding Narratives -- Modernity, Post Modernity, And The Creation Of Identities -- Back To Race And Identity -- Nation, Regions, Nationalism, And National Identity -- Brazilian Exceptionalism? Marshall C. Eakin, Vanderbilt University. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. This book traces the rise and decline of Gilberto Freyre's vision of racial and cultural mixture (mesticagem - or race mixing) as the defining feature of Brazilian culture in the twentieth century. Eakin traces how mesticagem moved from a conversation among a small group of intellectuals to become the dominant feature of Brazilian national identity, demonstrating how diverse Brazilians embraced mesticagem, via popular music, film and television, literature, soccer, and protest movements. The Freyrean vision of the unity of Brazilians built on mesticagem begins a gradual decline in the 1980s with the emergence of an identity politics stressing racial differences and multiculturalism. The book combines intellectual history, sociological and anthropological field work, political science, and cultural studies for a wide-ranging analysis of how Brazilians - across social classes - became Brazilians Cover......Page 1 Title......Page 2 Title - Series......Page 4 Title - Complete......Page 6 Copyright......Page 7 Dedication......Page 8 Dedication......Page 9 Contents......Page 10 Figures......Page 13 Acknowledgments......Page 14 Maps......Page 19 Introduction - Creating a People and a Nation......Page 20 1 - From the “Spectacle of Races” to “Luso-Tropical Civilization”......Page 62 2 - Communicating and Understanding Mestiçagem......Page 98 3 - Visualizing Mestiçagem......Page 126 4 - “Globo-lizing” Brazil......Page 155 5 - The Beautiful Game......Page 184 6 - The Sounds of Cultural Citizenship......Page 219 7 - Culture, Identity, and Citizenship......Page 239 Epilogue - Nation and Identity in the Twentieth and the Twenty-First Centuries......Page 270 Bibliography......Page 304 Index......Page 334 Machine generated contents note: Introduction: creating a people and a nation; 1. From the 'Spectacle of Races' to 'Luso-Tropical Civilization'; 2. The sounds of Mestiçagem: radio, samba, and Carnaval; 3. Visualizing Mestiçagem: film, literature, and the Mulata; 4. 'Globo-lizing' Brazil: televising identity; 5. The beautiful game: performing the Freyrean vision; 6. The sounds of cultural citizenship; 7. Identity, culture, and citizenship; Epilogue: nation and identity in the twentieth century, and the twenty-first