Battery Power Management for Portable Devices (Artech House Power Engineering)

The introduction of Li-ion batteries in 1991 created a tremendous change in the handheld devices landscape. Since then, the energy stored and put to use in palm-sized electronic devices has quadrupled. Devices are continuously getting more power hungry, outpacing battery development. This resource helps you overcome this challenge, offering you an insightful overview and in-depth guide to the many varied areas of battery power management for portable devices. Topics include: optimizing charging circuits, developing battery gauges that provide the longest possible run-time while ensuring data protection, and utilizing safety circuits that provide multiple independent levels of protection for highly energetic batteries; detailed design examples of whole systems, providing you with the real-world perspective needed to put this knowledge into practice. -- Read more... Abstract: The introduction of Li-ion batteries in 1991 created a tremendous change in the handheld devices landscape. Since then, the energy stored and put to use in palm-sized electronic devices has quadrupled. Devices are continuously getting more power hungry, outpacing battery development. This resource helps you overcome this challenge, offering you an insightful overview and in-depth guide to the many varied areas of battery power management for portable devices. Topics include: optimizing charging circuits, developing battery gauges that provide the longest possible run-time while ensuring data protection, and utilizing safety circuits that provide multiple independent levels of protection for highly energetic batteries; detailed design examples of whole systems, providing you with the real-world perspective needed to put this knowledge into practice Power Management Battery Power Management for Portable Devices 2 Contents 6 Preface 12 Acknowledgments 14 Foreword 16 1 Battery Chemistry Fundamentals and Chara 18 1.1 Introduction 18 1.2 Battery Fundamentals and Electrical 19 1.3 General Battery Characteristics 25 1.3.1 Chemical Capacity and Energy 25 1.3.2 Battery Impedance 26 1.3.3 Usable Capacity 29 1.3.4 Power Capability and the Ragone Pl 31 1.3.5 Durability, Cycle Life, and Shelf- 32 1.3.6 Self-Discharge Properties 34 1.4 Monitoring and Safety 36 1.5 Overview of Different Battery Techno 39 1.5.1 Lead Acid 39 1.5.2 Nickel Cadmium 44 1.5.3 Nickel Metal-Hydride 48 1.5.4 Lithium Ion Battery 51 1.5.5 Battery Chemistries Overview 60 References 60 2 Battery Charger Techniques 62 2.1 Lead-Acid Battery Charger 62 2.2 NiCd and NiMH Battery Charger 64 2.2.1 Nickel-Based Battery Charge Charac 64 2.2.2 NiMH Battery Charger Design Exampl 66 2.3 Li-Ion and Li-Polymer Battery Charge 67 2.3.1 Li-Ion and Li-Polymer Charge Chara 67 2.3.2 Charge Temperature Qualification a 70 2.3.3 Linear Battery Charger 72 2.3.4 Switch-Mode Battery Charger 75 2.3.5 Switch-Mode Battery Charger Design 78 2.3.6 USB Battery Charging 80 2.3.7 Port Detecting and Self-Enumeratin 82 2.4 Battery Charger and System Interacti 82 2.5 Dynamic Power Management Battery Cha 84 2.5.1 System Bus Voltage-Based Dynamic P 84 2.5.2 Input Current-Based Dynamic Power 87 2.5.3 Switch-Mode DPM Battery Charger wi 90 2.5.4 Narrow Voltage Direct Current (NVD 93 2.5.5 Battery Charging System Topology C 95 2.6 Battery Charger Design Examples in E 95 2.6.1 Tablet Charger Design Example 95 2.6.2 Notebook and Ultrabook Battery Cha 97 2.7 LiFePO Battery Charger 102 2.8 Wireless Charging Technology 104 2.9 Solar Charging System 105 References 108 3 Battery Safety and Protections 110 3.1 Introduction 110 3.2 Safety Events Triggered External to 114 3.2.1 Overvoltage Applied to a Battery P 114 3.2.2 Overdischarge 115 3.2.3 Overcurrent During Discharge 116 3.2.4 Overcurrent During Charge 118 3.3 Safety Events Triggered Inside the B 119 3.3.1 Pack Internal Short Circuit 120 3.3.2 Cell Overvoltage 121 3.3.3 Cell Internal Short Circuit 123 3.4 Final Thoughts 126 References 127 4 Cell-Balancing Techniques: Theory and Im 128 4.1 Introduction 128 4.2 Types of Battery Cell Imbalance That 129 4.2.1 State-of-Charge (SOC) Imbalance 129 4.2.2 Total Capacity Differences 132 4.2.3 Impedance Differences 135 4.3 Effect of Imbalancing on Performance 139 4.3.1 Premature Cell Degradation Through 139 4.3.2 Safety Hazards Resulting from Over 140 4.3.3 Early Charge Termination Resulting 140 4.3.4 Early Discharge Termination 141 4.4 Hardware Implementation of Balancing 142 4.4.1 Current Bypass 142 4.4.2 Charge Redistribution 144 4.4.3 Charge Shuttles 145 4.4.4 Inductive Converter–Based Cell Bal 146 4.5 Balancing Algorithms 150 4.5.1 Cell Voltage Based 151 4.5.2 SOC Based 152 4.5.3 SOC and Total Capacity Based 154 4.6 Summary 154 5 Battery Fuel Gauging: State of Charge, R 156 5.1 Introduction 156 5.2 State of Charge and Accuracy Definit 160 5.3 Basic Battery Remaining Capacity Mon 164 5.3.1 Voltage Correlation 164 5.3.2 Voltage Correlation with IR Correc 165 5.3.3 Hardware Implementation of Voltage 167 5.3.4 Coulomb Counting: Current Integrat 168 5.3.5 Coulomb Counting with Voltage-Base 172 5.3.6 Hardware Implementation of Coulomb 174 5.4 Advanced Gauging Methods: Impedance 175 5.4.1 Basic Concept 175 5.4.2 Voltage Correlation in IT 176 5.4.3 Full Chemical Capacity (Q) Update 177 5.4.4 Battery Impedance Update in IT 179 5.4.5 Thermal Modeling to Account for Te 181 5.4.6 Load Modeling 183 5.4.7 Bringing It All Together: Predicti 184 5.4.8 State of Health 186 5.4.9 Hardware Implementation of IT Algo 188 5.5 Host-Side and Pack-Side Gauging 188 5.6 Summary 190 6 System Considerations 192 6.1 Introduction 192 6.2 Battery Pack Electronics: General Co 192 6.3 Battery Pack ESD Design Consideratio 194 6.3.1 ESD Fundamentals 194 6.3.2 Where Does the Current Flow During 195 6.3.3 ESD Design Hardening 198 6.3.4 Pack Insertion Issues 201 6.4 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) S 202 6.4.1 EMI Solutions in the Battery Manag 202 6.4.2 EMI Design Considerations in Batte 204 6.4.3 Measuring the EMI 205 6.4.4 Conducted EMI 207 6.4.5 Approach for Minimizing Conducted 209 6.4.6 Approach for Minimizing Common Mod 210 6.4.7 Minimizing the Radiated EMI 214 6.5 Power Components and PCB Thermal Des 216 6.6 Assuring That an Intended Battery Is 218 References 223 7 Design Examples: Complete Battery Soluti 224 7.1 Introduction 224 7.2 Cell Phones and Smartphones 225 7.2.1 Battery Selection 225 7.2.2 Battery Pack Electronics 228 7.2.3 Battery Charging 232 7.3 Tablet Computers 232 7.3.1 Battery Pack Electronics 234 7.3.2 Battery Charging 235 7.4 Notebook PCs 235 7.4.1 Battery Selection 235 7.4.2 Battery Pack Electronics 237 7.4.3 Battery Charging 239 7.5 Ultrabooks 239 7.5.1 Battery Selection 239 7.5.2 Battery Pack Electronics 241 7.5.3 Charging and Power Architecture 241 7.5.4 Ultrabook Battery Charger Design E 244 7.6 Digital Cameras 246 7.6.1 Battery Pack Electronics 248 7.6.2 Battery Charging 249 7.7 Industrial and Medical Handheld Devi 249 7.7.1 Battery Selection 249 7.7.2 Battery Pack Electronics 250 7.7.3 Battery Charging 252 7.8 Conclusion 252 About the Authors 254 Index 256 Power,management;,Portable,Devices;,Battery,power;,Artech,House;,978-1-60807-491-4 Power management,Portable Devices,Battery power,Artech House,978-1-60807-491-4 The introduction of Li-ion batteries in 1991 created a tremendous change in the handheld devices landscape. Since then, the energy stored and put to use in palm-sized electronic devices has quadrupled. Devices are continuously getting more power hungry, outpacing battery development. Written by leading engineers in the field, This cutting-edge resource helps you overcome this challenge, offering you an insightful overview and in-depth guide to the many varied areas of battery power management for portable devices. You find the latest details on optimizing charging circuits, developing battery gauges that provide the longest possible run-time while ensuring data protection, and utilizing safety circuits that provide multiple independent levels of protection for highly energetic batteries. This unique book features detailed design examples of whole systems, providing you with the real-world perspective needed to put this knowledge into practice. You get the state-of-the-art know-how you need to perfect your device designs, helping you make them strong competitors in the fast-growing portable device marketplace. Résumé : The introduction of Li-ion batteries in 1991 created a tremendous change in the handheld devices landscape. Since then, the energy stored and put to use in palm-sized electronic devices has quadrupled. Devices are continuously getting more power hungry, outpacing battery development. This resource helps you overcome this challenge, offering you an insightful overview and in-depth guide to the many varied areas of battery power management for portable devices. Topics include : optimizing charging circuits, developing battery gauges that provide the longest possible run-time while ensuring data protection, and utilizing safety circuits that provide multiple independent levels of protection for highly energetic batteries; detailed design examples of whole systems, providing you with the real-world perspective needed to put this knowledge into practice. -- Edited summary from book