Banana systems in the humid highlands of sub-Saharan Africa enhancing resilience and productivity ; [evolved from an international conference that was organized by the Consortium for Imroving Agriculture-based Livelihoods in Central Africa (CIALCA) and wa

This book addresses issues related to intensification of banana-based cropping systems in the (sub)humid highland areas of Africa. The information that is presented in the 28 chapters of the book is based on research carried out in the Great Lakes Region by CIALCA (Consortium for Improving Agriculture-based Livelihoods in Central Africa) and partners, and is arranged in six sections: banana germplasm (part 1), innovative seed systems (part 2), pests and diseases (part 3), cropping systems (part 4), postharvest use and nutrition (part 5), and technology adoption and dissemination of knowledge (part 6). This book provides a valuable resource for researchers, development actors, students and policy makers in agricultural systems and economics and in international development. It highlights and addresses key challenges and opportunities that exist in maintaining and improving the vital buffer function that bananas provide in the agricultural systems of the humid highlands of sub-Saharan Africa. Available In Print Chapter: 1 (Page no: 1) Plantain collection and morphological characterization in Democratic Republic of Congo: past and present activities and prospects. Author(s): Adheka, J. G. Dhed'a, D. B. Sivirihauma, C. Karamura, D. Langhe, E. de Swennen, R. Blomme, G. Chapter: 2 (Page no: 8) Musa germplasm diversity status across a wide range of agro-ecological zones in Rwanda, Burundi and Eastern Democratic republic of Congo. Author(s): Ocimati, W. Karamura, D. Rutikanga, A. Sivirihauma, C. Ndungo, V. Adheka, J. Dhed'a, D. B. Muhindo, H. Ntamwira, J. Hakizimana, S. Ngezahayo, F. Ragama, P. Lepoint, P. Kanyaruguru, J. P. Langhe, E. de Gaidashova, S. V. Nsabimana, A. Murekezi, C. Blomme, G. Chapter: 3 (Page no: 22) Banana genotype composition along the Uganda-Democratic Republic of Congo border: a gene pool mix for plantain and highland bananas. Author(s): Karamura, D. Ocimati, W. Ssali, R. Jogo, W. Walyawula, S. Karamura, E. Chapter: 4 (Page no: 30) Analysis of farmer-preferred traits as a basis for participatory improvement of East African highland bananas in Uganda. Author(s): Barekye, A. Tongoona, P. Derera, J. Laing, M. D. Tushemereirwe, W. K. Chapter: 5 (Page no: 37) Agronomic evaluation of common and improved dessert banana cultivars at different altitudes across Burundi. Author(s): Kamira, M. Crichton, R. J. Kanyaruguru, J. P. Asten, P. J. A. van Blomme, G. Lorenzen, J. Njukwe, E. Bergh, I. van den Ouma, E. Muchunguzi, P. Chapter: 6 (Page no: 48) Growth and yield of plantain cultivars at four sites of differing altitude in North Kivu, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Author(s): Sikyolo, I. Sivirihauma, C. Ndungo, V. Langhe, E. de Ocimati, W. Blomme, G. Chapter: 7 (Page no: 58) Macropropagation of Musa spp. in Burundi: a preliminary study. Author(s): Lepoint, P. Iradukunda, F. Blomme, G. Chapter: 8 (Page no: 66) Challenges and opportunities for macropropagation technology for Musa spp. among smallholder farmers and small- and medium-scale enterprises. Author(s): Njukwe, E. Ouma, E. Asten, P. J. A. van Muchunguzi, P. Amah, D. Chapter: 9 (Page no: 72) Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of banana genotypes in three different, pasteurized and non-pasteurized soils of Rwanda. Author(s): Gaidashova, S. V. Nsabimana, A. Asten, P. J. A. van Delvaux, B. Elsen, A. Declerck, S. Chapter: 10 (Page no: 83) Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and growth of tissue-cultured banana plantlets under nursery and field conditions in Rwanda. Author(s): Jefwa, J. M. Rurangwa, E. Gaidashova, S. V. Kavoo, A. M. Mwashasha, M. Robinson, J. Blomme, G. Vanlauwe, B. Chapter: 11 (Page no: 93) Development of ELISA for the detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum, the causal agent of BXW: banana Xanthomonas wilt. Author(s): Nakato, G. V. Akinbade, S. A. Kumar, P. L. Bandyopadhyay, R. Beed, F. Chapter: 12 (Page no: 101) Systemicity and speed of movement of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in the banana plant after garden tool-mediated infection. Author(s): Ocimati, W. Ssekiwoko, F. Buttibwa, M. Karamura, E. Tinzaara, W. Eden-Green, S. Blomme, G. Chapter: 13 (Page no: 109) Use of DNA capture kits to collect Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and banana bunchy top virus pathogen DNA for molecular diagnostics. Author(s): Ramathani, I. Beed, F. Chapter: 14 (Page no: 116) Banana Xanthomonas wilt management: effectiveness of selective mat uprooting coupled with control options for preventing disease transmission. Case study in Rwanda and eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Author(s): Rutikanga, A. Sivirihauma, C. Murekezi, C. Anuarite, U. Ndungo, V. Ocimati, W. Ntamwira, J. Lepoint, P. Blomme, G. Chapter: 15 (Page no: 125) Effect of length of fallow period after total uprooting of a Xanthomonas wilt-infected banana field on infection of newly established planting materials: case studies from Rwanda and eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Author(s): Sivirihauma, C. Rutikanga, A. Murekezi, C. Blomme, G. Anuarite, U. Ocimati, W. Lepoint, P. Ndungo, V. Chapter: 16 (Page no: 131) Distribution, incidence and farmer knowledge of banana Xanthomonas wilt in Rwanda. Author(s): Night, G. Gaidashova, S. V. Nyirigira, A. Mugiraneza, T. Rutikanga, A. Murekezi, C. Nduwayezu, A. Rurangwa, E. Mugiraneza, T. Mukase, F. Ndayitegeye, O. Tinzaara, W. Karamura, E. Jogo, W. Rwomushana, I. Opio, F. Gahakwa, D. Chapter: 17 (Page no: 138) Xanthomonas wilt incidence in banana plots planted with asymptomatic suckers from a diseased field compared with plots using suckers from a disease-free zone in North Kivu, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Author(s): Sivirihauma, C. Ndungo, N. Ocimati, W. Blomme, G. Chapter: 18 (Page no: 144) Coffee/banana intercropping as an opportunity for smallholder coffee farmers in Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi. Author(s): Jassogne, L. Nibasumba, A. Wairegi, L. Baret, P. V. Deraeck, J. Mukasa, D. Wanyama, I. Bongers, G. Asten, P. J. A. van Chapter: 19 (Page no: 150) The use of trees and shrubs to improve banana productivity and production in central Uganda: an analysis of the current situation. Author(s): Mpiira, S. Staver, C. Kagezi, G. H. Wesiga, J. Nakyeyune, C. Ssebulime, G. Kabirizi, J. Nowakunda, K. Karamura, E. Tushemereirwe, W. K. Chapter: 20 (Page no: 158) Effect of banana leaf pruning on legume yield in banana-legume intercropping systems in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Author(s): Ntamwira, J. Pypers, P. Asten, P. J. A. van Vanlauwe, B. Ruhigwa, B. Lepoint, P. Blomme, G. Chapter: 21 (Page no: 166) A comparative and systems approach to banana cropping systems in the Great Lakes region. Author(s): Damme, J. van Bouver, D. de Dupriez, M. Asten, P. J. A. van Baret, P. V. Chapter: 22 (Page no: 175) Agronomic practices for Musa across different agro-ecological zones in Burundi, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda. Author(s): Ocimati, W. Karamura, D. Rutikanga, A. Sivirihauma, C. Ndungo, V. Ntamwira, J. Kamira, M. Kanyaruguru, J. P. Blomme, G. Chapter: 23 (Page no: 191) The beer banana value chain in central Uganda. Author(s): Rietveld, A. M. Mpiira, S. Jogo, W. Staver, C. Karamura, E. B. Chapter: 24 (Page no: 202) Contribution of bananas and plantains to the diet and nutrition of Musa-dependent households with preschoolers in Beni and Bukavu territories, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Author(s): Ekesa, B. N. Kimiywe, J. Davey, M. Dhuique-Mayer, C. Bergh, I. van den Blomme, G. Chapter: 25 (Page no: 210) Processes and partnerships for effective regional surveillance of banana diseases. Author(s): Beed, F. Kubiriba, J. Mugalula, A. Kolowa, H. Bulili, S. Nduwayezu, A. Murekezi, C. Sakayoya, E. Ndayihanzamaso, P. Mulenga, R. Abass, M. Mathe, L. Masheka, B. Onyango, M. Shitabule, E. Nakato, V. Ramathani, I. Bouwmeester, H. Chapter: 26 (Page no: 216) Adoption and impact of tissue culture bananas in Burundi: an application of a propensity score matching approach. Author(s): Ouma, E. Dubois, T. Kabunga, N. Nkurunziza, S. Qaim, M. Asten, P. J. A. van Chapter: 27 (Page no: 224) Communication approaches for sustainable management of banana Xanthomonas wilt in East and Central Africa. Author(s): Tinzaara, W. Karamura, E. Blomme, G. Jogo, W. Ocimati, W. Kubiriba, J. Chapter: 28 (Page no: 235) A global information and knowledge sharing approach to facilitate the wider use of Musa genetic resources. Author(s): Roux, N. Ruas, M. Laliberté, B. Cover 1 Contents 8 Contributors 12 Preface 18 Acknowledgements 20 PART 1: MUSA GERMPLASM DIVERSITY AND EVALUATION 22 1 Plantain Collection and Morphological Characterization in Democratic Republic of Congo: Past and Present Activities and Prospects 22 2 Musa Germplasm Diversity Status across a Wide Range of Agro-ecological Zones in Rwanda, Burundi and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo 29 3 Banana Genotype Composition along the Uganda–Democratic Republic of Congo Border: A Gene Pool Mix for Plantain and Highland Bananas 43 4 Analysis of Farmer-preferred Traits as a Basis for Participatory Improvement of East African Highland Bananas in Uganda 51 5 Agronomic Evaluation of Common and Improved Dessert Banana Cultivars at Different Altitudes across Burundi 58 6 Growth and Yield of Plantain Cultivars at Four Sites of Differing Altitude in North Kivu, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo 69 PART 2: NOVEL SEED SYSTEMS 79 7 Macropropagation of Musa spp. in Burundi: A Preliminary Study 79 8 Challenges and Opportunities for Macropropagation Technology for Musa spp. among Smallholder Farmers and Small- and Medium-scale Enterprises 87 9 Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth of Banana Genotypes in Three Different, Pasteurized and Non-pasteurized Soils of Rwanda 93 10 Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Growth of Tissue-cultured Banana Plantlets under Nursery and Field Conditions in Rwanda 104 PART 3: BANANA PESTS AND DISEASES 114 11 Development of ELISA for the Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum, the Causal Agent of BXW: Banana Xanthomonas Wilt 114 12 Systemicity and Speed of Movement of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in the Banana Plant after Garden Tool-mediated Infection 122 13 Use of DNA Capture Kits to Collect Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and Banana Bunchy Top Virus Pathogen DNA for Molecular Diagnostics 130 14 Banana Xanthomonas Wilt Management: Effectiveness of Selective Mat Uprooting Coupled with Control Options for Preventing Disease Transmission. Case Study in Rwanda and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo 137 15 Effect of Length of Fallow Period after Total Uprooting of a Xanthomonas Wilt-infected Banana Field on Infection of Newly Established Planting Materials: Case Studies from Rwanda and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo 146 16 Distribution, Incidence and Farmer Knowledge of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt in Rwanda 152 17 Xanthomonas Wilt Incidence in Banana Plots Planted with Asymptomatic Suckers from a Diseased Field Compared with Plots Using Suckers from a Disease-free Zone in North Kivu, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo 159 PART 4: BANANA INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS 165 18 Coffee/Banana Intercropping as an Opportunity for Smallholder Coffee Farmers in Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi 165 19 The Use of Trees and Shrubs to Improve Banana Productivity and Production in Central Uganda: An Analysis of the Current Situation 171 20 Effect of Banana Leaf Pruning on Legume Yield in Banana–Legume Intercropping Systems in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo 179 21 A Comparative and Systems Approach to Banana Cropping Systems in the Great Lakes Region 187 22 Agronomic Practices for Musa across Different Agro-ecological Zones in Burundi, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda 196 PART 5: BANANA USE, POSTHARVEST AND NUTRITION 212 23 The Beer Banana Value Chain in Central Uganda 212 24 Contribution of Bananas and Plantains to the Diet and Nutrition of Musa-dependent Households with Preschoolers in Beni and Bukavu Territories, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo 223 PART 6: SURVEILLANCE, ADOPTION AND COMMUNICATING KNOWLEDGE 231 25 Processes and Partnerships for Effective Regional Surveillance of Banana Diseases 231 26 Adoption and Impact of Tissue Culture Bananas in Burundi: An Application of a Propensity Score Matching Approach 237 27 Communication Approaches for Sustainable Management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt in East and Central Africa 245 28 A Global Information and Knowledge Sharing Approach to Facilitate the Wider Use of Musa Genetic Resources 256 Index 262 A 262 B 263 C 264 D 265 E 265 F 266 G 266 H 266 I 266 K 266 L 266 M 267 N 267 P 267 R 268 S 268 T 268 U 268 W 268 X 268 ""Banana Systems in the Humid Highlands of Sub-Saharan Africa: Enhancing Resilience and Productivity"" addresses issues related to agricultural intensification in the (sub)humid highland areas of Africa, based on research carried out in the Great Lakes Region by the Consortium for Improving Agriculture-based Livelihoods in Central Africa (CIALCA). This book is a valuable resource for researchers, students and policymakers in agricultural economics and international development, covering agronomic, economic, policy, extension, and communication dimensions