Bad Moves : How Decision Making Goes Wrong, and the Ethics of Smart Drugs

Making decisions is such a regular activity that it is mostly taken for granted. However, damage or abnormality in the areas of the brain involved in decision-making can severely affect personality and the ability to manage even simple tasks. Here, Barbara Sahakian and Jamie Nicole LaBuzetta discuss the process of normal decision making - our strategies for making decisions, biases that affect us, and influential factors - and then describe the abnormal patterns found in patients with conditions such as severe depression, Alzheimer's, and accidental brain damage. Using striking examples and case studies from their own research to show the impact of abnormal decision making, they introduce the concept of 'hot' and 'cold' decision making based on the level of emotions involved, showing that in various psychiatric conditions extreme emotions alter the pattern of decision making. Looking at the ways in which the brain can be manipulated to improve cognitive function in these patients, they consider the use of 'smart drugs' that alleviate these problems. The realization that smart drugs can improve cognitive abilities in healthy people has led to growing general use, with drugs easily available via the Internet. They raise ethical questions about the availability of these drugs for cognitive enhancement, in the hope of informing public debate about an increasingly important issue. Life choices -- Peering inside the 'black box' -- Extreme emotions and risky behaviour -- Interventions -- drugs hit the press -- Professor's little helper -- the ethics of enhanced cognition.;Looks at the parts of the brain involved in making decisions. Sahakian and LaBuzetta identify a difference between 'hot' and 'cold' decision making, depending on the relative role played by emotions and reason. They then consider what happens when these abilities are impaired by brain injury or illness--the extreme behaviors that can result, such as impulsively spending your entire savings on shoes, or not being able to decide whether to go out of the house. Several drugs are now used to alleviate these problems in patients. But they have also been found to improve concentration and achievement in healthy individuals. The authors leave us with the big ethical dilemma raised by these 'smart drugs': should they be used by the healthy? What about the issues of accessibility, fairness and coercion? Should they be accessible to all, or barred except for those with medical conditions? --From publisher description. How do our brains make choices? How do factors such as Alzheimer's or depression impair decision-making? Presenting the latest research on 'hot' and 'cold' decision-making, Barbara Sahakian and Jamie Nicole LaBuzetta look at the therapeutic smart drugs now available, and raise concerns about their unregulated use to enhance mental performance.