Bacterial Growth and Lysis: Metabolism and Structure of the Bacterial Sacculus (F.E.M.S. Symposium Series (65))

This volume is based on a FEMS Symposium entitled "Bacterial Growth and Lysis: Metabolism and Structure of the Bacterial Sacculus" held at the Monastery of Lluc (Mallorca, Spain) on 5-10 April, 1992. The goals of the symposium were to assess the present state of knowledge on the structure and physiology of the bacterial murein sacculus, and to develop new hypotheses and strategies to promote further development of the field. Consequently, the contributions compiled in this volume include broadly different approaches, from the introduction of new analytical methods to the presentation of provocative models for cell wall growth and division. Structural, biochemical, and genetic aspects are widely covered with special emphasis on the enzymology and regulation of murein hydrolases (autolysins). Comprehensive reviews on bacterial S­ layers and yeast cell walls are included to stimulate conceptual cross-feeding with these closely related topics. We believe that this book will provide the reader with a useful and up-to-date review of the topic. We would feel deeply rewarded by any positive influence this book may have on the future progress of the field, whereby all the scientific credit for it should be given to the authors of the excellent contributions presented. Front Matter....Pages i-xi The Sacculus after Four Decades — Seen from Some Distance....Pages 1-7 Biophysical and Biochemical Studies on the Fine Structure of the Sacculi from Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus ....Pages 9-21 New Mass Spectrometric Methods for Peptidoglycan Analysis....Pages 23-30 HPLC and 252 Cf Plasma Desorption-Mass Spectrometry of Muropeptides Isolated from E. Coli....Pages 31-38 Structure Elucidation of Peptidoglycan Monomers by Fast Atom Bombardment- and Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry....Pages 39-46 Investigations on Structure and Biosynthesis of Cyanelle Murein from Cyanophora paradoxa ....Pages 47-55 New Methods in Electron Microscopy Help Elucidate the Structure of the Murein Sacculus and the Distribution of Penicillin-Binding Proteins....Pages 57-69 Synthesis of α and β Anomers of UDP- N -Acetylmuramic Acid....Pages 71-75 The Muropeptide Composition of the Peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus Determined with Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography....Pages 77-82 Distribution of O -Acetylation in the Peptidoglycan from Proteus mirabilis 19....Pages 83-89 Murein Structure of Three Different Species of Chemolithotrophic Sulfur Bacteria: Thiobacillus tepidarius, Thiobacillus neapolitanus and Thiobacillus versutus ....Pages 91-97 Phenotypic, Biochemical, and Structural Analysis of “S-layer” Mutants from Thermus thermophilus HB8....Pages 99-104 Crystalline Bacterial Cell Surface Layers and their Application Potentials....Pages 105-117 An Overview of the Assembly, Turnover and Recycling of the Murein Sacculus....Pages 119-126 Variations in the Metabolism of Peptidoglycan Prior to Polymerization....Pages 127-138 Identification of the murI and murB Genes Coding for Cytoplasmic Peptidoglycan Synthetases in the 90-Min Region of the E. coli Chromosome....Pages 139-146 Amino Acids as Useful Tools in the Study of Murein Metabolism in Escherichia coli ....Pages 147-160 Peptidoglycan Synthesis in Salmonella Typhimurium ....Pages 161-168 Biosynthesis of Peptidoglycan in Gaffkya Homari : Regulation of Transpeptidation by Acceptor Peptide....Pages 169-176 Apparent Obligatory Dependence of Peptidoglycan Synthesis on Phospholipid Synthesis Studied in Ether-Treated Escherichia coli ....Pages 177-181 Does PBP2 Regulate Cell Division in E. coli ?....Pages 183-188 Peptidoglycan Synthesis During Hyphal Elongation in Streptomyces antibioticus....Pages 189-196 The Role of the env M Genes of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in Cell Membrane Biosynthesis....Pages 197-203 Biosynthesis of Pseudomurein and Other Methanobacterial Cell Walls....Pages 205-212 Peptidoglycan (Murein) Hydrolases: Unusual Enzymes for Unusual Substrates....Pages 213-227 Is Muramidase-2 of Enterococcus hirae a Penicillin-Binding Protein?....Pages 229-234 Specific Binding of the Soluble Lytic Transglycosylase to the Murein Sacculus of Escherichia coli ....Pages 235-240 Inhibition of an Autolysin Together with PBP3 Causes the Formation of Bulges: Identification of the Soluble Lytic Tranglycosylase in E. coli as the Specific Target of Bulgecin....Pages 241-244 The Cell Wall of Bacillus Subtilis is Protonated During Growth....Pages 245-252 Searching for the Evolutionary Design of the Pneumococcal Cell Wall Lytic Enzymes....Pages 253-259 Molecular Characteristics of the Cell Wall Lytic Enzymes Coded by Pneumococcal Phages....Pages 261-268 Molecular Cloning, Overexpression of Rz Lysis Gene of Phage λ and Subcellular Localization of its Protein Product....Pages 269-276 Pathway of PHIX174 Protein E Mediated Lysis of Escherichia coli ....Pages 277-283 Genetic Control of Fungal Cell Wall Autolysis....Pages 285-294 The use of a Mercury-Penicillin V Derivative to Localize Penicillin-Binding Proteins in Escherichia coli ....Pages 295-301 A Far Upstream Region is Required for Expression of the ftsI Gene Coding for Penicillin-Binding Protein 3 of Escherichia coli ....Pages 303-308 Involvement of the NH 2 - and COOH-Terminal ends of PBP3 of Escherichia coli on β-Lactam Binding, Membrane Localization, and Function of the Protein....Pages 309-318 Modular Design of the Bi(Multi?)Functional Penicillin-Binding Proteins....Pages 319-333 Penicillin-Binding Proteins 1A and 3 in Streptococcus Pneumoniae : What are Essential PBP’s?....Pages 335-340 Disturbance of Peptidoglycan Synthesis by Glycine and D-Methionine Creates a Signal for the amp G-Mediated Induction of AmpC-β-Lactamase in Escherichia coli ....Pages 341-346 In Enterobacter Cloacae Alterations Induced by Glycine and d -Amino Acids in the Composition and Structure of Peptidoglycan Are Accompanied by Induction of Chromosomal β-Lactamase: A Model Involving ftsZ and Septation....Pages 347-354 FtsZ Rings, Polar Morphology and Cell Lysis....Pages 355-362 Stability of Components of the Escherichia coli Septator....Pages 363-368 Construction of a Triple Deletion of Penicillin-Binding Proteins 4, 5, and 6 in Escherichia coli ....Pages 369-374 Deformations in the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Escherichia coli Direct the Repair of Peptidoglycan....Pages 375-384 Wall Teichoic Acid, Peptidoglycan Synthesis and Morphogenesis in Bacillus Subtilis ....Pages 385-392 Penicillin Induced Bacteriolysis of Staphylococci as a Post-Mortem Consequence of Murosome-Mediated Killing Via Wall Perforation and Attempts to Imitate this Perforation Process without Applying Antibiotics....Pages 393-407 Regulation of the Morphogenetic Cycle of Escherichia coli : 1992....Pages 409-418 “Three for one” — a Simple Growth Mechanism that Guarantees a Precise Copy of the Thin, Rod-Shaped Murein Sacculus of Escherichia coli ....Pages 419-426 Stresses on the Surface Stress Theory....Pages 427-442 Growth and Control of the Cell Wall: A Mechanical Model for Bacillus Subtilis ....Pages 443-451 Cellular Growth without a Murein Sacculus — the Nucleoid-Associated Compartmentation Concept....Pages 453-463 Back Matter....Pages 465-474 This volume is based on a FEMS Symposium entitled "Bacterial Growth and Lysis: Metabolism and Structure of the Bacterial Sacculus" held at the Monastery of Lluc (Mallorca, Spain) on 5-10 April, 1992. The goals of the symposium were to assess the present state of knowledge on the structure and physiology of the bacterial murein sacculus, and to develop new hypotheses and strategies to promote further development of the field. Consequently, the contributions compiled in this volume include broadly different approaches, from the introduction of new analytical methods to the presentation of provocative models for cell wall growth and division. Structural, biochemical, and genetic aspects are widely covered with special emphasis on the enzymology and regulation of murein hydrolases (autolysins). Comprehensive reviews on bacterial SƯ layers and yeast cell walls are included to stimulate conceptual cross-feeding with these closely related topics. We believe that this book will provide the reader with a useful and up-to-date review of the topic. We would feel deeply rewarded by any positive influence this book may have on the future progress of the field, whereby all the scientific credit for it should be given to the authors of the excellent contributions presented