Babad Tanah Jawi, the Chronicle of Java: The Revised Prose Version of C. F. Winter Sr

Contents List of Illustrations Introduction Chronological List of Javanese Kingdoms and Kings Conversion Table Javanese Era (A.J.) to Common Era (C.E.) Map of Central and East Java Map of the Semarang – Kartasura Area The Javanese Realm 1. Genealogy from Adam to the Gods 2. King Watugunung of Gilingwesi 3. Genealogy of the kings of Java from Bathara Wisnu and Bathara Brama to the kingdom of Pajajaran 4. The story of Siyungwanara 5. Radèn Susuruh escapes from Pajajaran and settles Majapahit 6. Pajajaran conquered. Radèn Susuruh founds a dynasty in Majapahit 7. The story of Arya Dilah 8. Radèn Rahmat (Sunan Ngampèldenta) 9. Radèn Said (Sunan Kalijaga) 10. Radèn Patah and Radèn Husèn 11. Radèn Bondhankajawan 12. Jaka Tarub 13. Prabu Brawijaya in conflict with Sunan Giri 14. The fall of Majapahit and the rise of Demak 15. The building of the Mosque of Demak 16. Sunan Bonang has the pusaka krisses of the kings of Java made 17. Lembupeteng marries Rara Nawangsih 18. Kyai Ageng Pengging. The birth of Jaka Tingkir 19. Jaka Tingkir goes to serve in Demak 20. Ki Buyut Banyubiru. Jaka Tingkir fights the crocodiles 21. Panic in the lodge at Prawata because of a raging water buffalo 22. Ki Ageng Séla tries to become a member of the Tamtama Corps but is rejected 23. Jaka Tingkir becomes adipati of Pajang 24. Ki Ageng Séla catches the lightning 25. Sunan Prawata and Pangéran Kalinyamat murdered by Arya Panangsang 26. Adipati Pajang visits Sunan Kudus 27. Arya Panangsang is killed by a trick of Ki Pamanahan and Ki Panjawi 28. Ki Pamanahan settles Mataram 29. Adipati Pajang ascends the throne as Sultan 30. Kyai Ageng Mataram dies. Radèn Ngabèhi Saloringpasar succeeds him with the title Sénapati Ngalaga 31. Sénapati tries to win over the leaseholders who want to pay tribute to Pajang 32. A star descends on Sénapati and he meets with Ratu Rara Kidul 33. Sunan Kalijaga visits Mataram and criticises the residence of Panembahan Sénapati 34. Sultan Pajang sends a messenger to Mataram to confirm whether Sénapati really wants to become disloyal 35. Radèn Pabélan. Tumenggung Mayang is exiled to Semarang, but is rescued by Sénapati 36. Sultan Pajang dies and is succeeded by his son-in-law, Adipati Demak 37. Sénapati conquers Pajang and returns the Sultan to Demak; Pangéran Banawa becomes Sultan of Pajang 38. The supernatural power of Radèn Rangga, son of Panembahan Sénapati 39. Sultan Banawa dies. Panembahan Sénapati asks 40. Panembahan Sénapati takes on the lords of East Java 41. Panembahan Sénapati conquers Madiyun. The adipati of Pasuruhan submits to Panembahan Sénapati 42. Sénapati of Kedhiri submits freely to the lord of Mataram 43. Mataram is attacked by the armies from East Java 44. Adipati Pathi wages war against Mataram 45. Panembahan Sénapati dies and is succeeded by the crown prince 46. The Adipati of Demak rises in rebellion against Mataram 47. Pangéran Jayaraga is appointed adipati of Pranaraga, but subsequently rises in rebellion against Mataram 48. The king of Mataram dies. He is succeeded by Pangéran Martapura who abdicates and is succeeded by Pangéran Rangsang with the title Sultan Agung Pandhita Anyakrakusuma 49. Kyai Suratani is sent to conquer East Java 50. Sultan Agung marches against Wirasaba 51. The bupati of East Java are united on crushing Mataram 52. Lasem and Pasuruhan conquered by Mataram 53. A horse named Domba becomes the cause for the conquest of Pajang by Mataram 54. Tuban conquered by Mataram 55. Madura attacked by the army of Mataram 56. Surabaya submits to Mataram 57. Adipati Pragola of Pathi rises in rebellion against Mataram 58. Pangéran Pekik marries Ratu Pandansari and is ordered to subdue Panembahan Giri 59. Pangéran Mandurareja is ordered to take Jakarta 60. Pangéran Silarong is ordered to conquer Blambangan 61. Sultan Agung regularly meets with Ratu Kidul 62. Sultan Agung dies and is succeeded by his son Pangéran Arya Mataram with the title Sunan Mangkurat 63. Pangéran Alit, the younger brother of Sunan Mangkurat, rebels and dies in a fight 64. Tumenggung Wiraguna fights against the army of Blambangan 65. Jurutaman is killed; his blood changes into poison. The king takes the daughter of a wayang gedhog performer as his wife who is already married to Kyai Dilem 66. A crossbreed hen turns into a cock and is offered to the king 67. The girl Oyi who creates a great upheaval 68. Trunajaya returns to Sampang and prepares to attack Mataram 69. Pajarakan is raided by warriors from Makassar 70. In Surabaya, Trunajaya adopts the title Panembahan Maduretna and with the assistance of the Makassarese rises in revolt against Mataram 71. Mataram attacked by Trunajaya’s troops 72. Sunan Mangkurat leaves his palace; Mataram conquered 73. Sunan Mangkurat dies; he is buried in Tegalwangi 74. Pangéran Puger sets himself up as king with the title Sénapati Ngalaga; he has his palace in Jenar 75. Pangéran Adipati Anom assumes the kingship in Tegal with the title Susuhunan Mangkurat 76. Demak overrun by the Madurese 77. Sunan Mangkurat proceeds to Jepara 78. Sunan Mangkurat proceeds to Kadhiri to capture Trunajaya 79. Trunajaya is captured and killed 80. Kartasura is established. Sunan Mangkurat summons his younger brother Sunan Ngalaga of Mataram 81. The army of Sunan Ngalaga goes to battle against the army of Kartasura 82. Sunan Ngalaga is persuaded by his brother Sunan Mangkurat to come to Kartasura 84.* Untung is adopted by Captain Mur 85. Untung flees to the Sultan of Carebon 86. Surapati takes service with Kartasura 87. Captain Tak wants to capture Surapati, but gets killed in Kartasura 88. Surapati becomes bupati in Pasuruhan and is granted the title Tumenggung Wiranagara 89. The Company requests the death of Tumenggung Martapura of Jepara 90. Panembahan Rama of Kajoran rises in revolt 83.* Ki Ageng Wanakusuma, a descendant of Ki Ageng Giring, wants to overthrow the rule of Kartasura 91. Sunan Mangkurat gives orders to attack Pasuruhan 92. Sunan Mangkurat marries his son to the daughter of his younger brother Pangéran Puger 93. Radèn Ayu Lembah returns to the Puger residence 94. Radèn Sukra is tortured by Pangéran Adipati Anom 95. Radèn Sukra courts Radèn Ayu Lembah, but before succeeding both come to grief 96. Adipati Wiranagara in Pasuruhan conquers Panaraga 97. Sunan Mangkurat dies and is succeeded by his son Pangéran Adipati Anom 98. The Sunan becomes angry with Pangéran Adipati Puger and his whole family 99. Kartasura is visited by a black magician sent by the Dutch 100. Pangéran Adipati Puger flees to Semarang 101. Pangéran Adipati Puger ascends the throne in Semarang with the title Susuhunan Pakubuwana 102. Susuhunan Pakubuwana celebrates with his army 103. Tumenggung Jayaningrat submits to Susuhunan Pakubuwana 104. Susuhunan Pakubuwana turns out his army against Kartasura 105. Pangéran Arya Mataram submits to his elder brother Susuhunan Pakubuwana; Susuhunan Mangkurat makes his escape from the palace 106. Susuhunan Pakubuwana occupies the palace of Kartasura 107. The ousted sunan (Susuhunan Mangkurat) seeks help from Pasuruhan 108. Adipati Wiranagara (Surapati) dies 109. Sunan Mas (the ousted Sunan) submits to the Company and is told to go to Batavia 110. The Company requests the death of Adipati Jangrana of Surabaya 111. Arya Jayapuspita of Surabaya rises in revolt to avenge his brother 112. Arya Jayapuspita withdraws from the city to deploy in Japan 113. Pangéran Dipanagara proclaimed king by Arya Jayapuspita with the title Panembahan Érucakra and with his palace in Madiyun 114. Susuhunan Pakubuwana I dies and is succeeded by his son Pangéran Adipati Mangkunagara 115. Pangéran Blitar sets himself up as king in Kartasari (Mataram) with the title Sultan Ibnu Mustapa and stands up to his brother the Susuhunan in Kartasura 116. The rebel Pangéran Pancawati 117. Panembahan Érucakra joins Sultan Ibnu Mustapa 118. The army of Kartasura attacks Kartasari 119. Ngabèhi Tohjaya summoned back to Kartasura 120. Rebellion in Tembayat. Pangéran Arya Mataram who had proclaimed himself with the title Sunan Kuning is killed in Jepara 121. Radèn Jimat from Madura joins Sultan Ibnu Mustapa in Madiyun 122. The descendants of Surapati pay their respects to Panembahan Purbaya in Kadhiri 123. Pangéran Blitar, i.e. Sultan Ibnu Mustapa, dies and is buried in Imagiri 124. Ki Martayuda is exiled to Jakarta 125. Panembahan Purbaya is persuaded to surrender and housed in Jakarta 126. Radèn Brahim, a descendant of Surapati, takes it badly that his siblings had been deceived by the Company 127. A rebel from Nusatembini. Sunan Mangkurat Jawi dies. He is succeeded by his son with the title Sunan Pakubuwana II 128. His Majesty visits the residence of his elder brother Pangéran Arya Mangkunagara 129. The birth of Radèn Mas Said. The banishment of Pangéran Arya Mangkunagara 130. Patih Danureja is sent as envoy to Batavia 131. Ratu Kancana uses a magical spell 132. Sèh Wangsawana predicts what will become of Radèn Mas Sujana and Radèn Mas Seksi (Said) 133. Patih Danureja is sent into exile 134. The kinsfolk of Sunan Mangkurat return to Java 135. Ratu Kancana dies 136. Radèn Ayu Taman, the beauty from Pathi 137. Pangéran Purbaya demoted from his position and exiled overseas 138. His Majesty makes a pilgrimage to Mataram 139. The Chinese revolt in Batavia 140. The Chinese on the eastern Pasisir get ready for war. The Sunan in Kartasura discusses the outbreak of war between the Chinese and the Company 141. Tumenggung Martapura goes to meet the Chinese troops in Puwun 142. Tumenggung Martapura incurs the anger of the patih 143. The commander in Semarang asks for the Sunan’s help 144. The Chinese army is going to attack Semarang 145. The patih gets into conflict with Adipati Cakraningrat of Madura 146. Tumenggung Martapura is rumored to have become disloyal and be helping the Chinese 147. Pangéran Tepasana and Pangéran Jayakusuma are killed by strangling 148. Pangéran Wiramenggala flees the capital Kartasura and joins the Chinese 149. The Company garrison in Kartasura engages in battle with the Javanese troops 150. The Company garrison unconditionally surrenders to the Sunan 151. Adipati Jayaningrat resigns from his position and recommends his son-in-law Radèn Supama. The war in Semarang 152. The army from Kartasura fights the army from Madura 153. The royal messengers Ki Surandriya and Ki Wangsajaya are taken prisoner by the enemy and sent to Batavia 154. Patih Natakusuma becomes commander of the Kartasura army that attacks Semarang 155. Sunan Pakubuwana makes peace again with the Company 156. Patih Natakusuma feels at a loss to carry out the wishes of the Sunan 157. Radèn Martapura remains firmly resolved 158. Radèn Mas Garendi is installed as king in Pathi with the title Prabu Kuning 159. The Kartasura army battles the Chinese in Demak 160. Patih Natakusuma provokes the anger of the Sunan and is taken into custody by the Company in Semarang 161. The troops of Kartasura are defeated in their battle against the Chinese 162. His Majesty the Sunan in Kartasura wishes to go and meet the Chinese in battle himself 163. His Majesty the Sunan leaves the palace of Kartasura to go to Magetan 164. Sunan Kuning occupies the palace of Kartasura 165. Sunan Pakubuwana sets up court in Pranaraga 166. Sunan Pakubuwana II intends to retake the capital of Kartasura 167. The troops from Pranaraga suffer defeat against the troops from Kartasura 168. Radèn Martapura is at odds with Adipati Mangunoneng 169. Sunan Pakubuwana II meets Sunan Lawu 170. The Company fights against the Chinese in Ungaran 171. Sunan Pakubuwana II abdicates and assumes the title Panembahan Brawijaya. His son the crown prince is given the title Prabu Jaka, Sunan Bauwarna. They then set out to attack Kartasura Javanese Text (KITLV Or 8) Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Glossary Index "The revised prose version of the Babad Tanah Jawi was originally prepared by C.F. Winter Sr. (1799-1859), with the twofold aim of providing Javanese-language teaching material and of setting a standard for formal Javanese prose writing. At that time, Javanese was almost exclusively written in verse, which was not a medium suitable for the modern world that was dawning on Java. Although Winter achieved his aims in other ways and publications, the present text was mostly forgotten, or was just passed over as another copy of the Meinsma text (Pigeaud, Literature of Java). This was unfortunate, because it deprived linguists of one of the first attempts to create a standard Javanese prose language, and historians of a readable text that presented a Javanese view of Javanese history from the beginning until 1742. To belatedly set the record straight and to honour Winter's contributions to the development of Javanese, the author decided to publish this text in Javanese script and provide an English translation for the general public. Although historians of Java have endeavoured to incorporate Javanese sources in their research, it remains invaluable to view that history directly through the eyes of 17th and 18th century Javanese contemporaries. "