Aviation Maintenance Technician Certification Series: Gas turbine engines. Module 15

GAS TURBINE ENGINE CONTENTS Welcome Forward Preface Revision Log Sub-Module 01 Fundamentals Knowledge Requirements Turbine Engine Fundamentals Energy Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Newton's Laws of Motion First Law Second Law Third Law Bernoulli's principle Boyle's & Charles' Law Force, Work, Power and Torque Force Work Power Torque Motion Speed and Velocity Acceleration General Requirements Power and Weight Fuel Economy Durability and Reliability Operating Flexibility Compactness Types and Construction Turbine Engine Types Bypass Ratio Questions Answers Sub-Module 02 Engine Performance Knowledge Requirements Engine Performance Turbine Engine Operating Principles Thrust The Brayton Cycle Gas Turbine Engine Performance Ram Recovery Engine Ratings Engine Pressure Ratio Questions Answers Sub-Module 03 Inlet Knowledge Requirements Inlets and Accessory Air Entrance Turbine Engine Inlet Systems Divided-Entrance Duct Variable-Geometry Duct Compressor Inlet Screens Bellmouth Compressor Inlets Turboprop and Turboshaft Compressor Inlets Turbofan Engine Inlet Sections Questions Answers Sub-Module 04 Compressors Knowledge Requirements Compressor Section Compressor Types and Applications Centrifugal-Flow Compressors Axial-Flow Compressor Diffuser Fan Balance Compressor Stall and Surge Questions Answers Sub-Module 05 Combustion Section Knowledge Requirements Combustion Section Questions Answers Sub-Module 06 Turbine Section Knowledge Requirements Turbine Area Inspection Turbine Section Questions Answers Sub-Module 07 Exhaust Knowledge Requirements Exhaust Section Exhaust Nozzles Convergent Exhaust Nozzle Convergent-Divergent Exhaust Nozzle Thrust Reverser's Thrust Vectoring Engine Noise Suppression Turbine Engine Emissions Questions Answers Sub-Module 08 Bearings and Seals Knowledge Requirements Bearings and Seals Questions Answers Sub-Module 09 Lubricants and Fuels Knowledge Requirements Lubricants and Fuels Requirements for Turbine Engine Lubricants Turbine Oil Health and Safety Precautions Turbine Engine Fuels Turbine Fuel Volatility Turbine Engine Fuel Types Fuel Identification Purity Microbes Questions Answers Sub-Module 10 Lubrication Systems Knowledge Requirements Turbine Engine Lubrication Systems Turbine Lubrication System Components Oil Tank Oil Pump Oil Pressure Regulating Valve Oil Pressure Relief Valve Oil Jets Lubrication System Instrumentation Lubrication System Breather Systems (Vents) Lubrication System Check Valve Lubrication System Thermostatic Bypass Valves Air Oil Coolers Fuel Oil Coolers Deoiler Magnetic Chip Detectors Typical Dry-Sump Pressure Regulated Turbine Lubrication System Pressure System Scavenge System Breather Pressurizing System Typical Dry-Sump Variable Pressure Lubrication System Pressure Subsystem Scavenger Subsystem Breather Subsystems Turbine Engine Wet-Sump Lubrication System Accessory Section Questions Answers Sub-Module 11 Fuel Systems Knowledge Requirements Turbine Engine Fuel Systems General Requirements Turbine Fuel Controls Hydromechanical Fuel Controls Hydromechanical/Electronic Fuel Control FADEC Fuel Control Systems FADEC for an Auxiliary Power Unit FADEC Fuel Control Propulsion Engine Fuel System Operation Engine Fuel System Components Main Fuel Pumps (Engine Driven) Fuel Heater Fuel Filters Fuel Spray Nozzles and Fuel Manifolds Simplex Fuel Nozzle Duplex Fuel Nozzle Airblast Nozzles Flow Divider Fuel Pressurizing and Dump Valves Combustion Drain Valves Fuel Quantity Indicating Units Questions Answers Sub-Module 12 Air Systems Knowledge Requirements Air Systems Turbine Engine Cooling Accessory Zone Cooling Anti-Ice Control Systems Questions Answers Sub-Module 13 Starting and Ignition Systems Knowledge Requirements Starting Systems Gas Turbine Engine Starters Cartridge Pneumatic Starters Electric Starting Systems and Starter Generator Starting Systems Troubleshooting a Starter Generator Starting System Air Turbine Starters Air Turbine Troubleshooting Guide Turbine Engine Ignition Systems Ignition System Maintenance Safety Capacitor Discharge Exciter Unit Igniter Plugs Turbine Ignition System Inspection and Maintenance Inspection Check System Operation Repair Removal, Maintenance and Installation of Ignition System Components Ignition System Leads Igniter Plugs Questions Answers Sub-Module 14 Engine Indication Systems Knowledge Requirements Engine Indicating Systems Exhaust Gas Temperature Indicator (EGT) Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR)Indicator Torquemeter (Turboprop Engines) Tachometer Fuel-Flow Indicator Engine Oil Pressure Indicator Engine Oil Temperature Indicator Vibration Monitoring Questions Answers Sub-Module 15 Power Augmentation Systems Knowledge Requirements Power Augmentation Systems After Burning/Thrust Augmentation Water Injection System Questions Answers Sub-Module 16 Turbo-prop Engines Knowledge Requirements Turboprop Engines Gear Coupled / Fixed Turbine and Free Turbine Turboprop Controls Reduction Gear Assembly Turbo-Propeller Assembly Over speed Safety Devices Questions Answers Sub-Module 17 Turbo-shaft Engines Knowledge Requirements Turboshaft Engines Reduction Gearing Couplings and Drive Systems Control Systems Questions Answers Sub-Module 18 Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) Knowledge Requirements Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) Construction Installation Engine Systems APU Control Crew Control and Monitoring Flight Certified APUs Inspection and Servicing Questions Answers Sub-Module 19 Powerplant Installation Knowledge Requirements Powerplant Installations Firewalls Cowling Acoustic Panels Mounts for Turbofan Engines Turbine Vibration Isolation Engine Mounts Control Cables and Rods Hoses and Pipes Fuel Lines Hydraulic Lines O-Ring Seals Feeders, Connectors and Wiring Looms Drains Lifting Points Questions Answers Sub-Module 20 Fire Protection Systems Knowledge Requirements Fire Protection Systems Components Engine Fire Detection Systems Thermal Switch System Thermocouple Systems Optical Fire Detection Systems Infrared Optical Fire Protection Principle of Operation Pneumatic Thermal Fire Detection Continuous-Loop Detector Systems Fenwal Continuous-Loop System Kidde Continuous-Loop System Sensing Element Combination Fire and Overheat Warning System Test Dual-Loop Systems Automatic Self-Interrogation Support Tube-Mounted Sensing Elements Fire Detection Control Unit (Fire Detection Card) Fire Zones Engine Fire Extinguishing System Fire Extinguishing Agents Turbine Engine Ground Fire Protection Containers Pressure Indication Two-Way Check Valve Discharge Indicators Thermal Discharge Indicator (Red Disk) Yellow Disk Discharge Indicator Fire Switch Warning Systems Boeing 777 Aircraft Fire Detection and Extinguishing System Overheat Detection Fire Detection Nacelle Temperature Recording Continuous Fault Monitoring Single/Dual Loop Operation System Test Fire Extinguisher Containers Squib Engine Fire Switches Engine Fire Operation APU Fire Detection and Extinguishing System APU Fire Warning Fire Bottle Discharge Questions Answers Sub-Module 21 Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation Knowledge Requirements Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation Turbine Engine Operation Ground Operation Engine Fire Engine Checks Checking Takeoff Thrust Ambient Conditions Engine Shutdown Turboprop Operation Troubleshooting Turbine Engines Troubleshooting Procedures for Turboprop Engines Spectrometric Oil Analysis Program Typical Wear Metals and Additives Vibration Borescope Turbine Engine Maintenance Compressor Section Inspection and Cleaning Causes of Blade Damage Blending and Replacement Combustion Section Inspection Marking Materials for Combustion Section Parts Inspection and Repair of Combustion Chambers Fuel Nozzle and Support Assemblies Turbine Section Turbine Disk Inspection Turbine Blade Inspection Turbine Blade Replacement Procedure Turbine Nozzle Inlet Guide Vane Inspection Clearances Exhaust Section Turbine Engine Accessories Compressor Washing and Cleaning Foreign Object Damage (FOD) Questions Answers Sub-Module 22 Engine Storage and Preservation Knowledge Requirements Engine Storage and Preservation Corrosion-Preventive Materials Corrosion-Preventive Compounds Dehydrating Agents Engine Shipping Containers Inspection of Stored Engines Preservation and Depreservation of Gas Turbine Engines Preservation and Depreservation of Engine Accessories Questions Answers Acronym Index Index GAS TURBINE ENGINE CONTENTS Welcome Forward Preface Revision Log Sub-Module 01 Fundamentals Knowledge Requirements Turbine Engine Fundamentals Energy Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Newton's Laws of Motion First Law Second Law Third Law Bernoulli's principle Boyle's & Charles' Law Force, Work, Power and Torque Force Work Power Torque Motion Speed and Velocity Acceleration General Requirements Power and Weight Fuel Economy Durability and Reliability Operating Flexibility Compactness Types and Construction Turbine Engine Types Bypass Ratio Questions Answers Sub-Module 02 Engine Performance Knowledge Requirements Engine Performance Turbine Engine Operating Principles Thrust The Brayton Cycle Gas Turbine Engine Performance Ram Recovery Engine Ratings Engine Pressure Ratio Questions Answers Sub-Module 03 Inlet Knowledge Requirements Inlets and Accessory Air Entrance Turbine Engine Inlet Systems Divided-Entrance Duct Variable-Geometry Duct Compressor Inlet Screens Bellmouth Compressor Inlets Turboprop and Turboshaft Compressor Inlets Turbofan Engine Inlet Sections Questions Answers Sub-Module 04 Compressors Knowledge Requirements Compressor Section Compressor Types and Applications Centrifugal-Flow Compressors Axial-Flow Compressor Diffuser Fan Balance Compressor Stall and Surge Questions Answers Sub-Module 05 Combustion Section Knowledge Requirements Combustion Section Questions Answers Sub-Module 06 Turbine Section Knowledge Requirements Turbine Area Inspection Turbine Section Questions Answers Sub-Module 07 Exhaust Knowledge Requirements Exhaust Section Exhaust Nozzles Convergent Exhaust Nozzle Convergent-Divergent Exhaust Nozzle Thrust Reverser's Thrust Vectoring Engine Noise Suppression Turbine Engine Emissions Questions Answers Sub-Module 08 Bearings and Seals Knowledge Requirements Bearings and Seals Questions Answers Sub-Module 09 Lubricants and Fuels Knowledge Requirements Lubricants and Fuels Requirements for Turbine Engine Lubricants Turbine Oil Health and Safety Precautions Turbine Engine Fuels Turbine Fuel Volatility Turbine Engine Fuel Types Fuel Identification Purity Microbes Questions Answers Sub-Module 10 Lubrication Systems Knowledge Requirements Turbine Engine Lubrication Systems Turbine Lubrication System Components Oil Tank Oil Pump Oil Pressure Regulating Valve Oil Pressure Relief Valve Oil Jets Lubrication System Instrumentation Lubrication System Breather Systems (Vents) Lubrication System Check Valve Lubrication System Thermostatic Bypass Valves Air Oil Coolers Fuel Oil Coolers Deoiler Magnetic Chip Detectors Typical Dry-Sump Pressure Regulated Turbine Lubrication System Pressure System Scavenge System Breather Pressurizing System Typical Dry-Sump Variable Pressure Lubrication System Pressure Subsystem Scavenger Subsystem Breather Subsystems Turbine Engine Wet-Sump Lubrication System Accessory Section Questions Answers Sub-Module 11 Fuel Systems Knowledge Requirements Turbine Engine Fuel Systems General Requirements Turbine Fuel Controls Hydromechanical Fuel Controls Hydromechanical/Electronic Fuel Control FADEC Fuel Control Systems FADEC for an Auxiliary Power Unit FADEC Fuel Control Propulsion Engine Fuel System Operation Engine Fuel System Components Main Fuel Pumps (Engine Driven) Fuel Heater Fuel Filters Fuel Spray Nozzles and Fuel Manifolds Simplex Fuel Nozzle Duplex Fuel Nozzle Airblast Nozzles Flow Divider Fuel Pressurizing and Dump Valves Combustion Drain Valves Fuel Quantity Indicating Units Questions Answers Sub-Module 12 Air Systems Knowledge Requirements Air Systems Turbine Engine Cooling Accessory Zone Cooling Anti-Ice Control Systems Questions Answers Sub-Module 13 Starting and Ignition Systems Knowledge Requirements Starting Systems Gas Turbine Engine Starters Cartridge Pneumatic Starters Electric Starting Systems and Starter Generator Starting Systems Troubleshooting a Starter Generator Starting System Air Turbine Starters Air Turbine Troubleshooting Guide Turbine Engine Ignition Systems Ignition System Maintenance Safety Capacitor Discharge Exciter Unit Igniter Plugs Turbine Ignition System Inspection and Maintenance Inspection Check System Operation Repair Removal, Maintenance and Installation of Ignition System Components Ignition System Leads Igniter Plugs Questions Answers Sub-Module 14 Engine Indication Systems Knowledge Requirements Engine Indicating Systems Exhaust Gas Temperature Indicator (EGT) Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR)Indicator Torquemeter (Turboprop Engines) Tachometer Fuel-Flow Indicator Engine Oil Pressure Indicator Engine Oil Temperature Indicator Vibration Monitoring Questions Answers Sub-Module 15 Power Augmentation Systems Knowledge Requirements Power Augmentation Systems After Burning/Thrust Augmentation Water Injection System Questions Answers Sub-Module 16 Turbo-prop Engines Knowledge Requirements Turboprop Engines Gear Coupled / Fixed Turbine and Free Turbine Turboprop Controls Reduction Gear Assembly Turbo-Propeller Assembly Over speed Safety Devices Questions Answers Sub-Module 17 Turbo-shaft Engines Knowledge Requirements Turboshaft Engines Reduction Gearing Couplings and Drive Systems Control Systems Questions Answers Sub-Module 18 Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) Knowledge Requirements Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) Construction Installation Engine Systems APU Control Crew Control and Monitoring Flight Certified APUs Inspection and Servicing Questions Answers Sub-Module 19 Powerplant Installation Knowledge Requirements Powerplant Installations Firewalls Cowling Acoustic Panels Mounts for Turbofan Engines Turbine Vibration Isolation Engine Mounts Control Cables and Rods Hoses and Pipes Fuel Lines Hydraulic Lines O-Ring Seals Feeders, Connectors and Wiring Looms Drains Lifting Points Questions Answers Sub-Module 20 Fire Protection Systems Knowledge Requirements Fire Protection Systems Components Engine Fire Detection Systems Thermal Switch System Thermocouple Systems Optical Fire Detection Systems Infrared Optical Fire Protection Principle of Operation Pneumatic Thermal Fire Detection Continuous-Loop Detector Systems Fenwal Continuous-Loop System Kidde Continuous-Loop System Sensing Element Combination Fire and Overheat Warning System Test Dual-Loop Systems Automatic Self-Interrogation Support Tube-Mounted Sensing Elements Fire Detection Control Unit (Fire Detection Card) Fire Zones Engine Fire Extinguishing System Fire Extinguishing Agents Turbine Engine Ground Fire Protection Containers Pressure Indication Two-Way Check Valve Discharge Indicators Thermal Discharge Indicator (Red Disk) Yellow Disk Discharge Indicator Fire Switch Warning Systems Boeing 777 Aircraft Fire Detection and Extinguishing System Overheat Detection Fire Detection Nacelle Temperature Recording Continuous Fault Monitoring Single/Dual Loop Operation System Test Fire Extinguisher Containers Squib Engine Fire Switches Engine Fire Operation APU Fire Detection and Extinguishing System APU Fire Warning Fire Bottle Discharge Questions Answers Sub-Module 21 Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation Knowledge Requirements Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation Turbine Engine Operation Ground Operation Engine Fire Engine Checks Checking Takeoff Thrust Ambient Conditions Engine Shutdown Turboprop Operation Troubleshooting Turbine Engines Troubleshooting Procedures for Turboprop Engines Spectrometric Oil Analysis Program Typical Wear Metals and Additives Vibration Borescope Turbine Engine Maintenance Compressor Section Inspection and Cleaning Causes of Blade Damage Blending and Replacement Combustion Section Inspection Marking Materials for Combustion Section Parts Inspection and Repair of Combustion Chambers Fuel Nozzle and Support Assemblies Turbine Section Turbine Disk Inspection Turbine Blade Inspection Turbine Blade Replacement Procedure Turbine Nozzle Inlet Guide Vane Inspection Clearances Exhaust Section Turbine Engine Accessories Compressor Washing and Cleaning Foreign Object Damage (FOD) Questions Answers Sub-Module 22 Engine Storage and Preservation Knowledge Requirements Engine Storage and Preservation Corrosion-Preventive Materials Corrosion-Preventive Compounds Dehydrating Agents Engine Shipping Containers Inspection of Stored Engines Preservation and Depreservation of Gas Turbine Engines Preservation and Depreservation of Engine Accessories Questions Answers Acronym Index Index