Authoritarianism and Democracy in Europe, 1919-39: Comparative Analyses (Advances in Political Science)

Bibliography Index vi Contents List of Figures 5.1 Patterns of interest mediation 7.1 Effects of party system fragmentation 7.2 Path model of electoral system effects 11.1 Comparative research designs 11.2 MDSO among survivors 11.3 MDSO among breakdowns 11.4 MDSO among authoritarian breakdowns 11.5 MDSO among fascist breakdowns 11.6 MSDO contrasting survivors and breakdowns 11.7 MSDO comparing fascist and authoritarian breakdowns 12.1 Analytical map of Europe 13.1 Factor interactions 13.2 Survival function 13.3a Crisis histogram -survivors 13.3b Crisis histogram -breakdowns vii List of Tables 2.1 Titular nationalities and major minorities as a percentage of population with the dominant stance of the minorities towards multi-national interwar East European states 2.2 Irredentism in interwar East Central Europe 3.1 Agrarian elites and political outcomes 3.2 The social and historical constellation (1850-1900) and political outcome in the interwar period 5.1 Raw data on intermediary structures 5.2 Intermediary structures: Boolean variables 5.3 Trade union membership (under conditions of democratic government) 6.1 Fascist electoral support and the fate of democracy in Europe in the interwar period 6.2 Role of fascist movements and the fate of democracy in Europe in the interwar period 7.1 Possible relationships between fragmentation, instability and breakdown 7.2 Types of electoral systems 7.3 Electoral system and the fate of democracy in interwar Europe 7.4 Government durability by electoral system 7.5 Fragmentation of parliaments by electoral systems 7.6 Survival and breakdown of democracy in interwar Europe -average values of explanatory factors for two groups of countries 7.7 Correlates of breakdown/survival of democracy in interwar Europe 7.8 Correlates of cabinet duration in interwar Europe 7.9 Party system fragmentation, cabinet instability and the fate of democracy in interwar Europe 7.10 Summary of relationships between changes in party systemic variables and changes in political stability (breakdown of democracy) 7.11 Summary of relationships between changes in party systemic variables and changes in political stability (survival of democracy) 7.12 Summary of two tests of the fragmentation hypothesis 8.1 European democracies 1919-39 8.2 Regime type among European democracies 1919-39 viii 8.3 Regime type and the survival/breakdown of European democracies 9.1 Trading states and competitive world market integration 10.1 Sectoral distribution of the work force in European states, 1920 10.2 GDP (1913 ϭ 100) in ten European democracies, 1920 10.3 Percentage changes in industrial production and output (GDP) and absolute differences in unemployment rates 1929-32 and 1932-38 10.4 Unemployment in ten European countries, 1919-38 10.5 The gold standard in interwar Europe 11.1 Pairwise and triple comparisons -Czechoslovakia vs.

Authoritarianism and Democracy in Europe, 1919-39 offers a comprehensive analysis of the survival or breakdown of democracy in interwar Europe. The contributors explore factors such as the historical, social-structural and political-cultural backgrounds of the policies that European countries attempted to implement to counter the world economic crisis of 1929. The analysis serves as an important backdrop for the assessment of current democratic developments in former communist Europe and highlights some of the problems and risks involved in the transition process.

The First World War had numerous consequences which both directly and indirectly affected the fate of European democracy, that is the relationship between democratic and anti-democratic developments.