Authoritarian Modernization in Indonesia’s Early Independence Period. The Foundation of the New Order State (1950– 1965)

In Authoritarian Modernization in Indonesia’s Early Independence Period, Farabi Fakih offers a historical analysis of the foundational years leading to Indonesia’s New Order state (1966–1998) during the early independence period. The study looks into the structural and ideological state formation during the so-called Liberal Democracy (1950–1957) and Sukarno’s Guided Democracy (1957–1965). In particular, it analyses how the international technical aid network and the dominant managerialist ideology of the period legitimized a new managerial elite. The book discusses the development of managerial education in the civil and military sectors in Indonesia. The study gives a strongly backed argument that Sukarno’s constitutional reform during the Guided Democracy period inadvertently provided a strong managerial blueprint for the New Order developmentalist state. Readership: All those interested in the political history of Indonesia, the history of the developmental state and the history of managerial ideology. 9789004437722 9789004437722_webready_content_text Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Contents Acknowledgements List of Figures and Tables Abbreviations and Acronyms Introduction 1 Sukarno’s Guided Democracy Revolution 2 Position in the Academic Literature 3 Division of the Book Chapter 1 The Indonesian Elite and Its Authority 1 Tensions in the Guided Democracy: The 1928 Generation and Their Ideology 2 Sukarno 3 Nasution 4 The Idea of Guided Democracy 5 The Ideology of the 1945 Generation 6 Conclusion Chapter 2 The Military Expansion into the State 1 The Revolutionary Period 2 The Centralization of the Army in the 1950s 3 Anti-corruption and the Road to Power 4 Officer Education 5 Guided Democracy and the Army 6 The Territorial Management Doctrine 7 American Influence and Its Counter-balance 8 The Military Strike Force and the Shift in Military Doctrine (1962–1965) 9 Strike-Force Units 10 Tri Ubaya Cakti 11 Mass Control and Job Expansion 12 Conclusion Chapter 3 Expertise and National Planning 1 Expert Creation 2 putaba (Pusat Tenaga Bangsa Asing) 3 Post-colonial Dutch Higher Education 4 Expansion of Universities and Academies 5 Indonesianization and Americanization 6 The Rise of the Guided Study 7 The International Aid Protocol 8 Development of Indonesian–American Aid Relations 9 National Planning and Technical Assistance 10 State Planning Bureau–untaa Cooperation 11 Fakultas Ekonomi-Universitas Indonesia (feui) 12 Ford Foundation–mit–cenis 13 The 1956–1960 National Plan and Guided Democracy 14 Foreign Experts and Indonesian Authority 15 Conclusions Chapter 4 Scientific Administration and the Question of Efficiency 1 Development of Management 2 Problems of Efficiency 3 From Dutch to American Concepts of Management 4 Lichtfeld and Rankin’s Visit 5 Effect and Criticism of the Public Administration 6 The Development of Business Management 7 The Caldwell and Timms Report 8 Production of a Managerial Class 9 Public Administration, the Welfare State and Guided Democracy 10 Legal Culture and Democracy 11 Conclusion Chapter 5 Economic Planning during the Guided Democracy 1 Transition from the bpn 2 Institutional Development during the Guided Democracy 3 Depernas 4 The 1962 Regrouping 5 The Rise of a New Generation 6 Bappenas 7 Structure and Organization 8 Conclusion Chapter 6 The Managers of Social Engineering 1 The Cultural Pathology of the Indonesian Manager 2 Rationalizing the Manager’s Leadership Position 3 Business Management 4 Public Management: Lembaga Administrasi Negara 5 Guided Democracy Management 6 Tools and Authorities 7 Political Indoctrination and Retooling 8 The Bapekan 9 The Paran 10 The Inherent Tension of Guided Democracy Control 11 Conclusion Chapter 7 Economic Policymaking in the Guided Democracy (1962–1965) 1 Guided Democracy and Economists 2 The Study of Socialist Economies 3 Economic Deterioration and Rehabilitation 4 The Dekon: Deklarasi Ekonomi 5 The Dekon’s Economic Measures 6 Criticism from the pki 7 Communist Views 8 Regional Development and the Military 9 Conclusion Conclusion Bibliography Archives Newspapers Books and Articles Index In Authoritarian Modernization in Indonesias Early Independence Period, Farabi Fakih offers a historical analysis of the rise of an authoritarian managerialist state during the Sukarno presidency, which laid the foundation for the New Order developmentalist state.