Austria's Wars of Emergence, 1683-1797: War, State and Society in the Habsburg Monarchy (Modern Wars in Perspective)

The Habsburg Monarchy has received much historiographical attention since 1945. Yet the military aspects of Austria’s emergence as a European great power in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries have remained obscure. This book shows that force of arms and the instruments of the early modern state were just as important as its marriage policy in creating and holding together the Habsburg Monarchy. Drawing on an impressive up-to-date bibliography as well as on original archival research, this survey is the first to put Vienna’s military back at the centre stage of early modern Austrian history. Austria's Wars of Emergence, 16 - Hochedlinger, Michael; Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents List of Maps List of Tables List of Figures Acknowledgements Abbreviations Glossary Introduction: The belated great power Modest Origins - the Habsburg Monarchy During the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century 1. The domestic foundations The question of terminology The territorial and administrative configuration of the Habsburg Monarchy Limited absolutism: the provincial Estates Economy Finances 2. The primacy of power politics The instruments of foreign policy From domestic to foreign policy: the Habsburgs and the Reich after 1648 Geopolitical challenges and responses 3. Home defence Feudal levy and peasant militia in the Austro-Bohemian lands Hungary The Military Border (Militärgrenze) The contribution of the Reich 4. The standing army Origins and growth The High Command The officer corps Military administration Artillery Technical branches The guards Weaponry Military industries Uniforms Quarters and provisions Soldiers' families and the baggage train Military justice Religion Medical service and disabled soldiers Tactics, strategy and the primacy of logistics Austria's 'age of heroes' 1683-1733 5. The Turkish War 1683-1699 The Kuruc rebellion The siege of Vienna The Habsburg counter-offensive 6. The Nine Years War 1689-1697 The 'reunions' The French invasion of Germany From stalemate to peace 7. The War of the Spanish Succession 1701-1714 The Spanish inheritance The Italian peninsula Germany The Spanish Netherlands Spain The peace treaties of Utrecht, Rastatt and Baden 1713-1714 The Rákóczy rebellion 1703-1711 8. Renewed expansion The Turkish War of 1716-1718 Trade expansion The Italian question 1717-1732 The crisis of a great power 1733-1748 9. Diplomatic reverses and military defeats The Pragmatic Sanction The War of the Polish Succession 1733-1738 The Turkish War 1737-1739 10. Squaring the circle or how to administer and defend a territorial giant The new provinces State finances The crisis of the army Austria goes to sea Extension, Crisis and early reforms of the Military Border 11. The War of the Austrian Succession 1740-1748 Finis Austriae? Austria's recovery War in Italy The second Silesian War 1744-1745 War In the Austrian Netherlands The peace of Aix-la-Chapelle 1748 Reform - revenge - aggression? 12. The modernization of the Habsburg Monarchy in the age of Enlightened Absolutism 1740-1790 The reform of state and society Population State finances Economy 13. Army and society Recruitment reforms and the 'militarization' of the Habsburg Monarchy Army strength and structure Professionalization and modernization The outsiders: Hungary, Lombardy, Belgium and the Tyrol The Military Border 14. The Seven Years War 1756-1763 The diplomatic revolution and the coming of the Seven Years War Military operations 1756- 1762 The 'miracle of the House of Brandenburg' 15. Peacetime expansion in the East 1764-1775 The First Partition of Poland The annexation of the Bukovina 1774-1775 16. Streamlining the Habsburg Monarchy The Austrian paradox: defensive aggression The War of the Bavarian Succession 1778-1779 The Bavarian exchange project 1784-1785 17. The Russian maelstrom The Austro-Russian alliance of 1781 The 'Greek Project' and the Crimean crisis 1782-1784 Austria's last Turkish War 1788-1790 18. State crisis and recovery Peace at all costs Revolt and secession War on two fronts? The second 'diplomatic revolution' The revolutionary challenge 1789-1797 19. From 'military promenade' to life-and-death struggle, 1789-1794 The road to war The beginning of the revolutionary wars 1792-1794 20. In search of compensations 1792-1795 The French contagion The Bavarian exchange project and the Second Partition of Poland 1792-1793 The Third Partition of Poland 1795 The peace of Basle 1795 21. False hopes 1796- 1797 The Italian card The road to peace 1796-1797 Why the Austrians lost Prospect Index Introduction: The Belated Great Power -- Modest Origins -- The Habsburg Monarchy During The Second Half Of The Seventeenth Century: The Domestic Foundations -- The Primacy Of Power Politics -- Home Defence -- The Standing Army -- Austria's 'age Of Heroes' 1683-1733: The Turkish War 1683-1699 -- The Nine Years War 1689-1697 -- The War Of Spanish Succession 1701-1714 -- Renewed Expansion -- The Crisis Of A Great Power 1733-1748: Diplomatic Reverses And Military Defeats -- Squaring The Circle Or How To Administer And Defend A Territorial Giant -- The War Of Austrian Succession 1740-1748 -- Reform -- Revenge -- Aggression?: The Modernization Of The Habsburg Monarchy In The Age Of Enlightened Absolutism 1740-1790 -- Army And Society -- The Seven Years War 1756-1763 -- Peacetime Expansion In The East 1764-1775 -- Streamlining The Habsburg Monarchy -- The Russian Maelstrom -- State Crisis And Recovery -- The Revolutionary Challenge 1789-1797: From 'military Promenade' To Life-and-death Struggle, 1789-1794 -- In Search Of Compensations 1792-1795 -- False Hopes 1796-1797 -- Prospect. Michael Hochedlinger. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Hochedlinger traces Austria's diplomatic and military achievements from the second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683 to the peace of Campoformido in 1797, and examines the foundations of Habsburg power policy and the functioning of Vienna's military apparatus.