Australia’s Toxic Medical Culture : International Medical Graduates and Structural Power

Political trust - of citizens in government, parliament or political parties - has been centre stage in political science for more than half a century, reflecting ongoing concerns about the legitimacy of representative democracy. This Handbook offers the first truly global perspective on political trust and integrates the conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and empirical state of the art. An impressive, international body of expert scholars explore established and new venues of research, by taking stock of levels, trends, explanations and implications of political trust, and relating them to regional particularities across the globe. Along with a wealth of genuine empirical analyses, this Handbook also features the latest developments in personality, cognitive and emotional research and discusses, not only the relevance, but also the'dark side'of political trust. Discerning yet accessible, this Handbook provides scholars, students and policy makers with the tools to navigate through a complexity of theories, trends, causes and consequences of political trust, whilst also directing their future research.Contributors include: R. Andeweg, M. Bargsted, D.-G. Barton, É. Bélanger, D. Canache, J.C. Castillo, F. Cavatorta, R.J. Dalton, C.C. Eckel, O.W. Gabriel, M. Grimes, A. Hakhverdian, A. Haugsgjerd, M. Hayes, M.L. Hutchison, K. Johnson, S. Kumlin, C. Liu, S. Marien, Q. Mayne, L. McLaren, J.J. Mondak, J. Muñoz, K. Newton, P. Norris, C.-M. Park, P. Rivetti, T.J. Rudolph, N.M. Somma, D. Stolle, E. Theiss-Morse, J. Thomassen, M. Torcal, E.M. Uslaner, T.W.G. van der Meer, J.W. van Deth, C. van Ham, M.E. Warren, R.K. Wilson, G. Závecz, S. Zmerli This book, the seventeenth instalment in the 24-volume series Globalisation, Comparative Education and Policy Research , explores the interrelationship between ideology, the state and human rights education reforms, setting it in a global context. The book examines major human rights education reforms and policy issues in a global culture. It focuses on the ambivalent and problematic relationship between the state, globalisation and human rights education discourses. Using a number of diverse paradigms, ranging from critical theory to historical-comparative research, the authors examine the reasons for, and the outcomes of human rights education reforms and policy. The authors discuss discourses surrounding the major dimensions affecting the human rights education, namely national identity, democracy, and ideology. These dimensions are among the most critical and significant dimensions defining and contextualising the processes surrounding the nation-building, identity politics and human rights education globally. With this as its focus, the chapters represent hand-picked scholarly research on major discourses in the field of human rights education reforms. The book draws upon recent studies in the areas of globalisation, equality, and the role of the state in human rights education reforms. Furthermore, the perception of globalisation as dynamic and multi-faceted processes clearly necessitates a multiple-perspective approach in the study of human rights education. This book provides that perspective commendably. It also critiques current human rights education practices and policy reforms. It illustrates the way shifts in the relationship between the state and human rights education policy. In the book, the authors, who come from diverse backgrounds and regions, attempt insightfully to provide a worldview of current developments in research concerning human rights education, and citizenship education globally. The book contributes, in a very scholarly way, to a more holistic understanding of the nexus between nation-state, human rights education both locally and globally. This book explores dominance in Australia’s medical culture through the positioning of international medical graduates (IMGs). It argues that IMGs are ‘othered’ and ultimately positioned as an underclass, a positioning validated and reinforced by the intersecting inequalities of class, race and nation. It also suggests that the positioning of IMGs is organised through the dimensions of structural power, hegemonic power and interpersonal power, which allow an exploration of power relations between the structures of the health system, the Australian medical profession and the agency of IMGs. The Australian narrative presented to the world espouses a community of social justice and human rights. Instead, an historical lens traces the formation and persistence of difference represented in ethnocentrism, racism and xenophobia from 1788 to the present. The research presented is multidisciplinary in scope. An anti-oppressive theoretical framework enables the voices of lived experience to penetrate throughout and a social justice platform engages the participants and the reader into the interwoven conversations. The data set comprises a focus group, 10 individual interviews with IMGs and a selection of inquiry submissions revealing rich and sometimes shocking evidence to paint a stark picture. Other medical voices join the conversation via media responses to revelations of experiences not only by IMGs but also by Australian-trained doctors. It exposes a toxic culture endemic with bullying and sexual harassment. This book is of interest to practitioners, researchers and administrators in the fields of medical education, human resource management, legal studies, health sciences, social sciences, health services, government departments, universities and hospitals, as well as those tasked with duty of care and the provision of a safe workplace. The voices gifted to this study raise awareness of current issues within medicine in Australia at a very personal level and begin to formulate a policy and practical response to address these disturbing revelations. Political trust - of citizens in government, parliament or political parties - has been centre stage in political science for more than half a century, reflecting ongoing concerns about the legitimacy of representative democracy. This Handbook offers the first truly global perspective on political trust and integrates the conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and empirical state of the art. An impressive, international body of expert scholars explore established and new venues of research, by taking stock of levels, trends, explanations and implications of political trust, and relating them to regional particularities across the globe. Along with a wealth of genuine empirical analyses, this Handbook also features the latest developments in personality, cognitive and emotional research and discusses, not only the relevance, but also the 'dark side' of political trust. Discerning yet accessible, this Handbook provides scholars, students and policy makers with the tools to navigate through a complexity of theories, trends, causes and consequences of political trust, whilst also directing their future research Front Matter ....Pages i-xv Introduction: Welcome to Australia, the Land of a Fair Go for All (Vicki Adele Pascoe)....Pages 1-18 The Pathway to Find the Voices (Vicki Adele Pascoe)....Pages 19-41 The Lucky Country: IMGs and the History of Ethnocentrism, Xenophobia and Racism (Vicki Adele Pascoe)....Pages 43-62 Policies, Processes, Poppycock and Dimensions of Power: Structural, Hegemonic and Interpersonal (Vicki Adele Pascoe)....Pages 63-99 Medical Dominance and the Creation of Toxic Culture (Vicki Adele Pascoe)....Pages 101-123 The Representation of IMGs as Problematic? (Vicki Adele Pascoe)....Pages 125-144 IMGs and Intersecting Inequalities: Class, Race and Nation (Vicki Adele Pascoe)....Pages 145-165 Conclusion: Where to from Here? Transformation or a Very Wicked Problem (Vicki Adele Pascoe)....Pages 167-192 Back Matter ....Pages 193-199 Political trust – in government, parliament, or political parties – has taken centre stage in political science for more than half a century, reflecting ongoing concerns with the legitimacy and functioning of representative democracy. To provide scholars, students and policy makers with a tool to navigate through the complexity of causes and consequences of political trust, this Handbook offers an excellent overview of the conceptual, theoretical, methodological and empirical state of the art, complemented by accounts of regional particularities, and authored by international experts in this field.