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Sergio Franco’s 4th edition of Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits combines theory with real-life applications to deliver a straightforward look at analog design principles and techniques. An emphasis on the physical picture helps the reader develop the intuition and practical insight that are the keys to making sound design decisions. As readers have come to expect, the writing is both plainspoken and helpfully descriptive. The book is intended for design-oriented courses in applications with operational amplifiers and analog ICs. It also serves as comprehensive reference for the practicing engineer. Front Cover 1 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 About the Author 6 CONTENTS (with direct page links) 8 Preface 12 1. Operational Amplifier Fundamentals 18 1.1 Amplifier Fundamentals 20 1.2 The Operational Amplifier 23 1.3 Basic Op Amp Configurations 26 1.4 Ideal Op Amp Circuit Analysis 33 1.5 Negative Feedback 41 1.6 Feedback in Op Amp Circuits 47 1.7 The Return Ratio and Blackman's Formula 55 1.8 Op Amp Powering 63 Problems 69 References 82 Appendix 1A Standard Resistance Values 82 2. Circuits with Resistive Feedback 84 2.1 Current-to-Voltage Converters 85 2.2 Voltage-to-Current Converters 88 2.3 Current Amplifiers 96 2.4 Difference Amplifiers 97 2.5 Instrumentation Amplifiers 104 2.6 Instrumentation Applications 110 2.7 Transducer Bridge Amplifiers 116 Problems 122 References 130 3. Active Filters: Part I 131 3.1 The Transfer Function 135 3.2 First-Order Active Filters 140 3.3 Audio Filter Applications 147 3.4 Standard Second-Order Responses 152 3.5 KRC Filters 159 3.6 Multiple-Feedback Filters 166 3.7 State-Variable and Biquad Filters 171 3.8 Sensitivity 177 Problems 180 References 187 4. Active Filters: Part II 188 4.1 Filter Approximations 189 4.2 Cascade Design 195 4.3 Generalized Impedance Converters 202 4.4 Direct Design 208 4.5 The Switched Capacitor 214 4.6 Switched-Capacitor Filters 219 4.7 Universal SC Filters 225 Problems 231 References 237 5. Static Op Amp Limitations 238 5.1 Simplified Op Amp Circuit Diagrams 240 5.2 Input Bias and Offset Currents 246 5.3 Low-Input-Bias-Current Op Amps 251 5.4 Input Offset Voltage 255 5.5 Low-Input-Offset-Voltage Op Amps 260 5.6 Input Offset Error and Compensation Techniques 265 5.7 Input Voltage Range/Output Voltage Swing 270 5.8 Maximum Ratings 276 Problems 278 References 284 Appendix 5A Data Sheets of the μA741 Op Amp 285 6. Dynamic Op Amp Limitations 294 6.1 Open-Loop Frequency Response 295 6.2 Closed-Loop Frequency Response 300 6.3 Input and Output Impedances 307 6.4 Transient Response 311 6.5 Effect of Finite GBP on Integrator Circuits 318 6.6 Effect of Finite GBP on Filters 327 6.7 Current-Feedback Amplifiers 332 Problems 341 References 348 7. Noise 350 7.1 Noise Properties 352 7.2 Noise Dynamics 357 7.3 Sources of Noise 361 7.4 Op Amp Noise 367 7.5 Noise in Photodiode Amplifiers 374 7.6 Low-Noise Op Amps 378 Problems 382 References 386 8. Stability 388 8.1 The Stability Problem 389 8.2 Phase and Gain Margin Measurements 399 8.3 Frequency Compensation of Op Amps 405 8.4 Op Amps Circuits with a Feedback Pole 417 8.5 Input-Lag and Feedback-Lead Compensation 426 8.6 Stability in CFA Circuits 431 8.7 Composite Amplifiers 435 Problems 440 References 450 9. Nonlinear Circuits 451 9.1 Voltage Comparators 452 9.2 Comparator Applications 460 9.3 Schmitt Triggers 467 9.4 Precision Rectifiers 473 9.5 Analog Switches 479 9.6 Peak Detectors 484 9.7 Sample-and-Hold Amplifiers 488 Problems 494 References 499 10. Signal Generators 500 10.1 Sine Wave Generators 502 10.2 Multivibrators 508 10.3 Monolithic Timers 516 10.4 Triangular Wave Generators 522 10.5 Sawtooth Wave Generators 527 10.6 Monolithic Waveform Generators 529 10.7 V-F and F-V Converters 537 Problems 543 References 549 11. Voltage References and Regulators 551 11.1 Performance Specifications 553 11.2 Voltage References 558 11.3 Voltage-Reference Applications 565 11.4 Linear Regulators 570 11.5 Linear-Regulator Applications 575 11.6 Switching Regulators 583 11.7 The Error Amplifier 591 11.8 Voltage Mode Control 594 11.9 Peak Current Mode Control 599 11.10 PCMC of Boost Converters 611 Problems 617 References 624 12. D-A and A-D Converters 625 12.1 Performance Specifications 627 12.2 D-A Conversion Techniques 633 12.3 Multiplying DAC Applications 646 12.4 A-D Conversion Techniques 651 12.5 Oversampling Converters 661 Problems 669 References 672 13. Nonlinear Amplifiers and Phase-Locked Loops 674 13.1 Log/Antilog Amplifiers 675 13.2 Analog Multipliers 682 13.3 Operational Transconductance Amplifiers 687 13.4 Phase-Locked Loops 695 13.5 Monolithic PLLs 703 Problems 710 References 713 INDEX 716 A 716 B 717 C 717 D 719 E-F 720 G-H 721 I 722 J-K 723 L 723 M 724 N 725 O 726 P 727 Q 727 R 728 S 728 T 730 U 731 V 731 W-X-Z 732 Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits combines theory with real-life applications to deliver a straightforward look at analog design principles and techniques. An emphasis on the physical picture helps the student develop the intuition and practical insight that are the keys to making sound design decisions. This book is intended for a design-oriented course in applications with operational amplifiers and analog ICs. It also serves as a comprehensive reference for practicing engineers. This new edition includes enhanced pedagogy (additional problems, more in-depth coverage of negative feedback, more effective layout), updated technology (current-feedback and folded-cascode amplifiers, and low-voltage amplifiers), and increased topical coverage (current-feedback amplifiers, switching regulators and phase-locked loops) This text illustrates general analog principles and design methodologies using practical devices and applications. It can be used as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses in design and applications with analog integrated circuits. A three-stage presentation guides the reader from an elementary to a complex, real-world understanding of operational amplifiers. It begins with ideal or nearly ideal op amps, progresses to real-life op amp limitations, and then presents a wide range of practical, design-oriented applications. By closely reflecting current technological developments and practices, it is also a valuable reference work for the practicing engineer. Franco's 'Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits' combines theory with real-life applications to deliver a straightforward look at analog design principles and techniques. An emphasis on the physical picture helps the student develop the intuition and practical insight that are the keys to making sound design decisions