Atomic Physics (Iop Concise Physics)

Atomic Physics provides a concise treatment of atomic physics and a basis to prepare for work in other disciplines that are underpinned by atomic physics such as chemistry, biology and several aspects of engineering science. The focus is mainly on atomic structure since this is what is primarily responsible for the physical properties of atoms. After a brief introduction to some basic concepts, the perturbation theory approach follows the hierarchy of interactions starting with the largest. The other interactions of spin, and angular momentum of the outermost electrons with each other, the nucleus and external magnetic fields are treated in order of descending strength. A spectroscopic perspective is generally taken by relating the observations of atomic radiation emitted or absorbed to the internal energy levels involved. X-ray spectra are then discussed in relation to the energy levels of the innermost electrons. Finally, a brief description is given of some modern, laser based, spectroscopic methods for the high resolution study of the nest details of atomic structure. PRELIMS.pdf 1 Preface 11 Acknowledgements 12 Author biography 13 Paul Ewart 13 CH001.pdf 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 14 CH002.pdf 1 Chapter 2 Radiation and atoms 16 2.1 Width and shape of spectral lines 17 2.1.1 Lifetime broadening 17 2.1.2 Collision or pressure broadening 18 2.1.3 Doppler broadening 18 2.2 Atomic orders of magnitude 20 2.2.1 Other important atomic quantities 20 2.3 The central field approximation 21 2.4 The form of the central field 23 2.5 Finding the central field 23 CH003.pdf 1 Chapter 3 The central field approximation 25 3.1 The physics of the wave functions 26 3.1.1 Energy 26 3.1.2 Angular momentum 27 3.1.3 Radial wavefunctions 29 3.1.4 Parity 30 3.2 Multi-electron atoms 30 3.2.1 Electron configurations 30 3.2.2 The periodic table 31 3.3 Gross energy level structure of the alkalis: quantum defect 33 CH004.pdf 1 Chapter 4 Corrections to the central field: spin–orbit interaction 36 4.1 The physics of spin–orbit interaction 37 4.2 Finding the spin–orbit correction to the energy 38 4.2.1 The B-field due to orbital motion 39 4.2.2 The energy operator 40 4.2.3 The radial integral 41 4.2.4 The angular integral: degenerate perturbation theory 41 4.2.5 Degenerate perturbation theory and the vector model 43 4.2.6 Evaluation of 〈sˆ_·lˆ_〉 using DPT and the vector model 44 4.3 Spin–orbit interaction: summary 47 4.4 Spin–orbit splitting: alkali atoms 48 4.5 Spectroscopic notation 50 CH005.pdf 1 Chapter 5 Two-electron atoms: residual electrostatic effects and LS-coupling 54 5.1 Magnesium: gross structure 55 5.2 The electrostatic perturbation 55 5.3 Symmetry 57 5.4 Orbital effects on electrostatic interaction in LS-coupling 59 5.5 Spin–orbit effects in two-electron atoms 59 CH006.pdf 1 Chapter 6 Nuclear effects on atomic structure 63 6.1 Hyperfine structure 63 6.2 The magnetic field of electrons 64 6.3 Coupling of I and J 65 6.4 Finding the nuclear spin, I 66 6.5 Isotope effects 67 CH007.pdf 1 Chapter 7 Selection rules 69 7.1 Parity 70 7.2 Configuration 70 7.3 Angular momentum rules 71 CH008.pdf 1 Chapter 8 Atoms in magnetic fields 72 8.1 Weak field, no spin 73 8.2 Weak field with spin and orbit 75 8.2.1 Anomalous Zeeman pattern 78 8.2.2 Polarization of the radiation 78 8.3 Strong fields, spin and orbit 80 8.4 Intermediate fields 83 8.5 Magnetic field effects on hyperfine structure 83 8.5.1 Weak field 84 8.5.2 Strong field 85 CH009.pdf 1 Chapter 9 X-rays: transitions involving inner-shell electrons 88 9.1 X-ray spectra 88 9.2 X-ray series 89 9.3 Fine structure of x-ray spectra 90 9.4 X-ray absorption 91 9.5 Auger effect 92 CH010.pdf 1 Chapter 10 High-resolution laser spectroscopy 94 10.1 Absorption spectroscopy 94 10.2 Laser spectroscopy 95 10.2.1 ‘Doppler-free’ spectroscopy 95 10.2.2 Crossed beam spectroscopy 96 10.2.3 Saturation spectroscopy 96 10.2.4 Two-photon-spectroscopy 98 10.3 Calibration of Doppler-free spectra 100 10.4 Comparison of ‘Doppler-free’ methods 100 "Atomic Physics provides a concise treatment of atomic physics and a basis to prepare for work in other disciplines that are underpinned by atomic physics such as chemistry, biology and several aspects of engineering science. The focus is mainly on atomic structure since this is what is primarily responsible for the physical properties of atoms." -- Prové de l'editor