Atmospheric and Aerosol Chemistry (Topics in Current Chemistry Book 339)

This series presents critical reviews of the present position and future trends in modern chemical research. Short and concise reports on chemistry, each written by the world renowned experts. Still valid and useful after 5 or 10 years. More information as well as the electronic version of the whole content available at: springerlink.com. Christian George, Barbara D’Anna, Hartmut Herrmann, Christian Weller, Veronica Vaida, D. J. Donaldson, Thorsten Bartels-Rausch, Markus Ammann - Emerging Areas in Atmospheric Photochemistry. Lisa Whalley, Daniel Stone, Dwayne Heard - New Insights into the Tropospheric Oxidation of Isoprene: Combining Field Measurements, Laboratory Studies, Chemical Modelling and Quantum Theory. Neil M. Donahue, Allen L. Robinson, Erica R. Trump, Ilona Riipinen, Jesse H. Kroll - Volatility and Aging of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol. P. A. Ariya, G. Kos, R. Mortazavi, E. D. Hudson, V. Kanthasamy, N. Eltouny, J. Sun, C. Wilde - Bio-Organic Materials in the Atmosphere and Snow: Measurement and Characterization. V. Faye McNeill, Neha Sareen, Allison N. Schwier - Surface-Active Organics in Atmospheric Aerosols. Cover Topics in Current Chemistry 339 Atmospheric and Aerosol Chemistry Copyright Preface Contents Emerging Areas in Atmospheric Photochemistry Abstract Contents 1. Introduction 2. Vibrationally Excited Photochemical Processes in the Gas Phase 2.1 Bond Cleavage Reactions 2.2 Rearrangement Followed by Dissociation 3. Aerosol Photochemistry 3.1 Organic Aerosols 3.2 Mineral Dust 4. Tropospheric Aqueous Phase Bulk Photochemistry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Ferrioxalate Photochemistry 4.3 Photochemistry of Fe(III) Polycarboxylate Complexes 4.4 Atmospheric Chemistry Simulation with Extended Fe(III) Complex Photochemistry in CAPRAM 5. Photochemistry Associated with Ice 6. Photochemical processes on natural and built ground surfaces 7. Summary and Outlook References New Insights into the Tropospheric Oxidation of Isoprene: Combining Field Measurements, Laboratory Studies, Chemical Modelling and Quantum Theory Abstract Contents 1. Introduction 2. Model and Measurement Comparisons in High Isoprene Low NOx Regions 2.1 Recycling of OH in Isoprene Oxidation 2.2 The Role of Air Mass Segregation in Simulations of HOx Chemistry 3. Unidentified Sources of OH in High Isoprene Environments 3.1 Experimental Indication for OH Formation During Isoprene Oxidation 3.2 Theoretical Indication for OH Production in Isoprene Oxidation 3.3 Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for OH Production Combined 4. Impacts of Additional OH Sources on Model Simulations in High Isoprene Low NOx Regions 5. Isoprene Emission Rates and Mixing Ratios and Comparisons with Model Predictions 5.1 Isoprene Emissions Inferred from Satellite Measurements of HCHO 6. Isoprene Oxidation Products 7. OH Reactivity 8. SOA Formation from Isoprene 9. Summary References Volatility and Aging of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol Abstract Contents 1. Introduction 2. Background 2.1 Phase Partitioning Thermodynamics 2.1.1 Explicit Methods 2.1.2 Empirical Methods N-Product Models Volatility Basis Set Non-ideality Two-Dimensional Volatility Space Temperature Dependence 2.2 Dynamics of Condensation and Evaporation 3. Evidence for Volatility in Atmospheric Aerosol 3.1 Volatility of Primary Organic Aerosol 3.2 Volatility of Secondary Organic Aerosol 3.2.1 Do OA Particles Form Mixtures? Condensation, Aging, and Mixing 4. Aging 4.1 Gas-Phase Oxidation 4.1.1 VOC Secondary Organic Aerosol 4.1.2 IVOC and SVOC Secondary Organic Aerosol SOA from Primary IVOC Emissions Alkanes Polycyclic Aromatics Evaporated Primary Emissions 4.1.3 Aging of VOC SOA Multiple Ozonolysis Generations Multi-generation OH Oxidation 4.2 Heterogeneous Aging 4.3 Aqueous-Phase Aging 5. Conclusions References Bio-Organic Materials in the Atmosphere and Snow: Measurement and Characterization Abstract Contents 1. Introduction 2. Measurement and Characterization of Bio-Organic Material 2.1 Methods for and Concentrations of Biogenic and Bioavailable Organic Compounds in Snow and in Air 2.1.1 Determination of Organics 2.1.2 SVOC Measurement and Characterisation 2.2 Sampling and Analysis of Bioaerosols 2.2.1 Sedimentation and Inertial Samplers 2.2.2 Impactors Slit Samplers Sieve Samplers 2.2.3 Impingers 2.2.4 Centrifugal Samplers 2.2.5 Cyclones 2.2.6 Filtration 2.2.7 Optical Counters/Analysers Optical Particle Counter Laser Diffractometer Phase Doppler Particle Analysis Systems Intensity Deconvolution System 2.2.8 Electrical Mobility Techniques Electrical Aerosol Analyser Differential Mobility Analyser Light Detection and Ranging 2.2.9 Biosensors 2.2.10 Other Sampling and Detection Methods Swabbing Total VOC Cytometry Analysis 2.3 Role of Biogenic Aerosols in Nucleation Processes 3. Future Outlook Appendix A Brief Review of Mitigation of Atmospheric Bio-organic Compounds Simultaneous Mitigation of Multiple Air Pollutants Future Anthropogenic Emission Projections References Surface-Active Organics in Atmospheric Abstract Contents List of Abbreviations and Symbols Used 1. Introduction 2. Sources 3. Impact on Aerosol Heterogeneous Chemistry 3.1 Laboratory Studies 3.2 Field Studies 3.3 Modeling 4. Impact on Ice Nucleation 5. Impact on Cloud Droplet Formation 5.1 Köhler Theory and kappa-Köhler Theory 5.2 Observations of Surface Tension Depression 5.2.1 Ambient Fog/Cloud/Aerosol Measurements and HULIS 5.2.2 Saccharides 5.2.3 Carboxylic Acids (10 Carbons) 5.2.4 Long Chain Fatty Acids (12 Carbons) 5.2.5 Complex Organic Mixtures 5.2.6 Secondary Surfactants: Small Carbonyl-Containing Compounds 5.2.7 Secondary Surfactants: Organosulfates 5.3 Observations of Surfactant Effects on CCN Activity 5.4 Modeling Surfactant Effects on CCN Activity 5.4.1 Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Surfactant Effects 5.4.2 Modeling Surface-Bulk Partitioning 5.5 Kinetic Limitations to Cloud Droplet Growth 5.5.1 Theory 5.5.2 Lab 5.5.3 Field 6. Summary and Outlook References Index