Atlas of sonoanatomy for regional anaesthesia and pain medicine

A comprehensive full-color anatomical atlas designed specifically for the anesthesiologist and pain physician A clear understanding of relevant anatomy is essential for physicians who wish to master ultrasound-guided nerve blocks. Although ultrasound images may help visualize the nerve to be blocked, the images still present a grainy and incomplete picture. Physicians looking to master US-guided nerve blocks are best served by becoming anatomical experts -- and this innovative resource is an invaluable learning tool to doing just that. In addition to 2D and 3D ultrasound images, Atlas of Sonoanatomy for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine includes high-resolution CTs, MRIs, cadaver anatomy images, and anatomical illustrations to give physicians a comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the neck, upper and lower extremity, trunk, thorax, thoracic spine, sacral spine, lumbar paravertebral region, and thoracic paravertebral region that are relevant to ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. Features • Bulleted pearls impart how to obtain optimal ultrasound images at each site • More than 600 full-color photographs and illustrations throughout • Essential for anesthesiologists and pain physicians, and is also of value to musculoskeletal sonographers, radiologists, and emergency medicine physicians •Enables you to learn and see, through full-color illustrations, the relevant anatomy for administering successful nerve blocks • Includes CT and MRI correlations to ultrasound images, plus corresponding anatomical illustrations, cadaver anatomy, and photos of probe placement on the patient. Although other texts may provide some of the imaging information contained in this unique atlas, this is the first resource to systematically and comprehensively gather all the imaging modalities for side-by-side comparison under one cover. COVER......Page 1 TITLE......Page 3 COPYRIGHT......Page 4 CONTENTS......Page 6 PREFACE......Page 7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 8 Scanning Plane......Page 9 Transducer and Image Orientation......Page 10 Image Optimization......Page 11 Axis of Intervention......Page 12 Field of View and Needle Visibility......Page 14 Anisotropy......Page 15 Nerve......Page 16 Bone......Page 17 Tissue Harmonic Imaging......Page 18 Compound Imaging......Page 19 Three-Dimensional Ultrasound......Page 20 Artifacts......Page 22 The Elderly Patient......Page 25 Doppler Ultrasound: The Basics......Page 26 Color Doppler......Page 28 Power Doppler......Page 29 Aliasing......Page 30 Spectral Broadening......Page 31 Basic Steps for Doppler Imaging......Page 32 Suggested Reading......Page 33 Gross Anatomy......Page 35 Gross Anatomy......Page 44 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Neck and Interscalene Region......Page 46 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Neck and Interscalene Region......Page 47 Technique of Ultrasound Imaging of the Brachial Plexus at the Interscalene Groove......Page 49 Assessment of Diaphragm Excursions......Page 56 Gross Anatomy......Page 57 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Supraclavicular Fossa......Page 58 Technique of Ultrasound Imaging of the Brachial Plexus at the Supraclavicular Fossa......Page 59 Gross Anatomy......Page 62 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Infraclavicular Fossa......Page 64 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Infraclavicular Fossa......Page 65 Technique of Ultrasound Imaging of the Brachial Plexus at the Medial Infraclavicular Fossa......Page 68 Ultrasound Imaging of the Brachial Plexus at the Lateral Infraclavicular Fossa......Page 81 Gross Anatomy......Page 85 Technique of Ultrasound Imaging of the Brachial Plexus at the Axilla......Page 87 Gross Anatomy......Page 93 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Midhumeral Region......Page 96 Technique of Ultrasound Imaging for the Median and Ulnar Nerve at the Midhumeral Region......Page 97 Gross Anatomy......Page 100 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Midhumeral Region (Radial Nerve)......Page 101 Ultrasound Scan Technique for Radial Nerve at the Radial Groove......Page 102 Ultrasound Scan Technique for Radial Nerve at the Lateral Aspect of the Arm......Page 105 Gross Anatomy......Page 107 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Elbow Region......Page 109 Elbow Region Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 111 Gross Anatomy......Page 117 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Midforearm......Page 118 Midforearm Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 119 References......Page 126 Gross Anatomy......Page 129 Gross Anatomy......Page 133 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Inguinal Region......Page 136 Femoral Nerve Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 137 Gross Anatomy......Page 141 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Upper Thigh......Page 142 Obturator Nerve Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 143 Gross Anatomy......Page 147 Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 149 Gross Anatomy......Page 152 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Midfemoral/Adductor Canal Region......Page 155 Midfemoral/Adductor Canal Region Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 156 Gross Anatomy......Page 160 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve – Parasacral Region......Page 162 Sciatic Nerve – Parasacral Region Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 163 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve – Subgluteal Region......Page 169 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve – Subgluteal Region......Page 170 Sciatic Nerve at the Subgluteal Region – Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 171 Gross Anatomy......Page 176 Magnetic Resonance Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve – Infragluteal Region......Page 178 Sciatic Nerve at the Infragluteal Region – Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 179 Gross Anatomy......Page 182 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Popliteal Fossa......Page 184 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Popliteal Fossa......Page 186 Sciatic Nerve at the Popliteal Fossa – Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 188 Gross Anatomy......Page 194 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve at the Thigh......Page 195 Sciatic Nerve at the Thigh – Anterior Approach Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 196 Gross Anatomy......Page 198 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Terminal Nerves of the Leg......Page 204 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Terminal Nerves of the Leg......Page 205 Terminal Nerves of the Leg – Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 206 References......Page 212 Muscles of the Anterior Abdominal Wall......Page 214 Nerves of the Anterior Abdominal Wall......Page 221 Computed Tomography Abdomen Showing the Lateral (Midaxillary) Transverse Abdominis Plane......Page 223 Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 224 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abdomen Showing the Subcostal Transverse Abdominis Plane......Page 227 Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 228 Gross Anatomy......Page 231 Computed Tomography Abdomen Showing the Rectus Abdominis Muscle......Page 232 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abdomen Showing the Rectus Abdominis Muscle......Page 233 Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 234 Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Nerve......Page 239 Computed Tomography Abdomen – Transverse View at the Level of the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine......Page 240 MRI Abdomen – Transverse View at the Level of the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine......Page 241 Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 242 Gross Anatomy......Page 244 Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 246 References......Page 250 Basics of Spine Anatomy......Page 252 Ultrasound Scan Planes......Page 258 Sonoanatomy of the Osseous Elements of the Spine......Page 262 References......Page 273 Basic Cervical Spine Anatomy......Page 276 Typical Cervical Vertebra (C3 to C6)......Page 278 Atlas (C1)......Page 284 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Cervical Spine......Page 285 Magnetic Resonance Anatomy of the Cervical Spine......Page 290 Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 298 Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 305 Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 307 Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 313 References......Page 316 Basic Anatomy of the Thoracic Spine......Page 318 Typical Thoracic Vertebrae......Page 321 Gross Anatomy of the Upper Thoracic Spine (T1–T4)......Page 323 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Upper Thoracic Spine (T1–T4)......Page 324 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Upper Thoracic Spine (T1–T4)......Page 326 Gross Anatomy of the Midthoracic Spine (T5–T8)......Page 328 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Midthoracic Spine (T5–T8)......Page 329 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Midthoracic Spine (T5–T8)......Page 331 Gross Anatomy of the Lower Thoracic Spine (T9–T12)......Page 333 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Lower Thoracic Spine (T9–T12)......Page 334 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Lower Thoracic Spine (T9–T12)......Page 336 Ultrasound Imaging of the Thoracic Spine – Basic Considerations......Page 338 Ultrasound Imaging of the Upper Thoracic Spine (T1–T4)......Page 343 Ultrasound Imaging of the Midthoracic Spine (T5-T8)......Page 347 Ultrasound Imaging of the Lower Thoracic Spine (T9–T12)......Page 353 Identification of Thoracic Intervertebral Spaces Using Ultrasound......Page 355 References......Page 356 Basic Lumbar Spine Anatomy......Page 358 Typical Lumbar Vertebra......Page 359 Fifth Lumbar Vertebra (L5)......Page 361 Gross Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine......Page 362 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine......Page 366 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine......Page 369 Ultrasound Imaging of the Lumbar Spine......Page 373 Transverse Ultrasound Imaging of the Lumbar Spine......Page 397 Sagittal Ultrasound Imaging of the Lumbar Spine......Page 398 References......Page 399 Basic Anatomy of the Sacrum......Page 401 Gross Anatomy of the Sacrum......Page 403 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Sacrum......Page 404 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Sacrum......Page 405 Ultrasound Imaging of the Sacrum for Caudal Epidural Injection – Basic Considerations......Page 406 Ultrasound Imaging of the Sacrum for Caudal Epidural Injection......Page 408 Clinical Pearls......Page 411 Basic Anatomy of the Lumbosacral Interlaminar Space......Page 412 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Lumbosacral Interlaminar Space......Page 414 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Lumbosacral Interlaminar Space......Page 416 Ultrasound Imaging of the Lumbosacral Interlaminar Space......Page 418 Clinical Pearls......Page 424 References......Page 427 Gross Anatomy......Page 428 Innervation of the Breast......Page 439 Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 440 Clinical Pearls......Page 461 References......Page 462 Gross Anatomy......Page 464 Communications of the Thoracic Paravertebral Space......Page 468 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Thoracic Paravertebral Region......Page 469 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Thoracic Paravertebral Region......Page 471 Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 474 Three-Dimensional Sonography of the Thoracic Paravertebral Region......Page 504 Reference......Page 508 Gross Anatomy......Page 511 Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Lumbar Paravertebral Region......Page 518 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Lumbar Paravertebral Region......Page 519 Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 522 Clinical Pearls......Page 538 References......Page 541 INDEX......Page 544 A comprehensive full-color anatomical atlas designed specifically for the anesthesiologist and pain physician A clear understanding of relevant anatomy is essential for physicians who wish to master ultrasound guided nerve blocks. This innovative resource includes high-resolution CT, MRI, cadaver anatomy, anatomical illustrations, and 2D and 3D ultrasound images of the neck, upper and lower extremity, trunk, thorax, thoracic spine, sacral spine, lumbar paravertebral region, and thoracic paravertebral region that are relevant to ultrasound guided regional anesthesia. Although other texts may provide some of this imaging information, this is the first book to systematically and comprehensively gather all the imaging modalities for side-by-side comparison. • Bulleted pearls impart how to obtain optimal ultrasound images at each site • Hundreds of full-color photographs and illustrations throughout