Atlas of EEG, Seizure Semiology, and Management [Team-IRA] (True PDF)

Atlas of EEG, Seizure Semiology, and Management is a comprehensive yet concise textbook with a focus on practical use of EEG and clinical neurology in the diagnosis and management of epilepsy. It begins with the physiological foundation of EEG, physics and electronics of EEG generation and recording, and technical details of EEG performance. Major sections then discuss seizure and epilepsy diagnoses, normal and abnormal EEG patterns correlated with clinical scenarios, guides to differential diagnosis of seizures, guides to medical and nonmedical management, and lastly teaching case studies. For this edition, there is a separate pediatric EEG and epilepsy section, in addition to discussion of pediatric aspects throughout the rest of the text. Revisions and additions have been made to keep up with the rapid pace of advancement in EEG and epilepsy. This new third edition is authored and edited by four senior faculty of Vanderbilt University Hospital and Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, all trained and board certified in EEG and Clinical Neurophysiology. These experts use their daily experience treating epilepsy in a busy academic medical center to provide a robust core of EEG and epilepsy knowledge to healthcare professionals who diagnose and manage epilepsy, and who are seeking to develop and enhance their knowledge of EEG performance and interpretation. New in this edition: · Compares the new epilepsy classification schemes with the old · Updated status epilepticus management, with new tables and flowcharts · New interpretations for a variety of EEG patterns, some of which have controversial implications Cover Atlas of EEG, Seizure Semiology, and Management Copyright Contents Part 1 Introduction to EEG 1.1 Overview of Seizures and Epilepsy Seizures and Epilepsy Classifications 1.2 Role of EEG in Diagnosis and Management Routine EEG Video-​EEG Monitoring Intracranial Techniques Part 2 Basic Science of EEG 2.1 Physiology Membrane Physiology Resting Membrane Potential Postsynaptic Potentials Action Potential Generation and Termination Action Potential Propagation 2.2 Electronics Circuit Elements Amplifiers Circuit Laws Computers and Digital Data Signal Processing Filters Electrodes Electrode Theory Digital Displays 2.3 Generators of EEG Activity Generators of Normal EEG Activity Generation of Abnormal EEG Activity Part 3 Seizure Semiology and Classification 3.1 Definitions 3.2 Overview of Seizure Semiology Motor Manifestations Sensory Phenomena Autonomic Manifestations Experiential Phenomena 3.3 Seizure Classification 3.4 Seizure Semiology by Seizure Type and Seizure Localization Focal Onset Seizures by Type Generalized-​Onset Seizures Unknown-​Onset Seizures Part 4 Epilepsy Classification and Epileptic Syndromes 4.1 Epilepsy Classification Old Classification New Classification 4.2 Select Epilepsy Syndromes Seen in Adulthood Generalized Epilepsy Syndromes: Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies Focal Epilepsy Syndromes Epilepsy Syndromes with Both Focal and Generalized Seizures Part 5 Clinical EEG 5.1 Terminology and Definitions 5.2 EEG Basics Performance EEG Analysis Video-​EEG and Long-​Term EEG Monitoring 5.3 Normal EEG Overview Normal Adult EEG Variants and Transients SREDA Noncerebral Potentials 5.4 Abnormal Nonepileptiform EEG Overview Slow Abnormalities Amplitude Abnormalities Periodic Patterns Coma and Electrocerebral Silence Critical Care Terminology 5.5 Abnormal EEG in Epilepsy: Interictal Epileptiform and Ictal Discharges EEG Role in the Diagnosis and Management of Epilepsy Focal Versus Generalized EEG Patterns Patterns of EEG Activity in Focal Epilepsy Patterns of EEG Activity in Generalized Epilepsy 5.6 Status Epilepticus Epidemiology Definition and Classification Convulsive Status Epilepticus Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus 5.7 Advanced Techniques Intraoperative Electrocorticography (ECoG) Critical Care Monitoring Encephalopathy in Hospitalized Patients Quantitative EEG Intraoperative Monitoring Part 6 Pediatric EEG 6.1 Normal Pediatric EEG Overview Neonatal EEG Methodology Physiological State of Neonates Normal Neonatal EEG Maturation of the Posterior Dominant Rhythm Posterior Slow Waves of Youth Hyperventilation Drowsiness Sleep Patterns 6.2 Abnormal Pediatric EEG Neonatal EEG Abnormalities Maturation Epileptiform Activity 6.3 Pediatric Seizures Neonatal Seizures Epileptic Encephalopathy Absence Epilepsy Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Self-​Limited Focal Epilepsies of Childhood Landau-​Kleffner Syndrome (LKS) Continuous Spike-​and-​Wave During Sleep Atypical Benign Partial Epilepsy Febrile Seizures Part 7 Differential Diagnosis 7.1 Overview 7.2 Psychogenic Nonepileptic Events Clinical Presentations EEG Manifestations 7.3 Syncope Overview Causes of Syncope EEG Manifestations of Syncope Differentiation of Syncope from Seizure Activity 7.4 Other Disorders Mistaken for Seizures Movement Disorders Sleep Disorders Behavioral Disorders Breath-​Holding Spells Startle Cough Syncope Transient Ischemic Attack Transient Global Amnesia Peak Toxicity of ASMs Drug-​Induced Encephalopathy Part 8 Seizure Management 8.1 Management of Pediatric Seizures Medical Management Issues in the Pediatric Population Dietary Management in the Pediatric Population Surgical Management in the Pediatric Population Comorbidities in Pediatric Epilepsies Prognosis in Pediatric Epilepsies 8.2 Management of Adult Seizures/​Epilepsy If and When to Initiate Therapy Considerations in Therapy Dosing for First-​Line Therapy Drug-​Level Monitoring Second-​Line Therapy Drug Interactions Success of ASM Therapy Autoimmune Epilepsy Discontinuation of Medical Therapy 8.3 Management of Status Epilepticus Treatment and Prognosis of Status Epilepticus Medications Used for Status Epilepticus 8.4 Nonmedical Treatment Neurostimulation Techniques Dietary Treatment of Epilepsy 8.5 Surgical Treatment of Epilepsy Historical Perspective Refractory (Drug-​Resistant) Epilepsy Focal Epilepsies Patient Example Efficacy of Epilepsy Surgery Epilepsy Surgery Workup ASM Management After Surgery 8.6 Comorbidities Anxiety and Depression Migraine Substance Use and Abuse Cardiovascular Disease Cognitive Disturbance Sleep Disorders Social Difficulties 8.7 Quality of Care Standards and Counseling Quality of Care Standards Counseling 8.8 Medications A–​Z Brivaracetam (Briviact) Cannabidiol (Epidiolex) Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Tegretol XR, Equetro, Epitol, Carbatrol) Cenobamate (Xcopri) Clobazam (Onfi) Clonazepam (Klonopin) Eslicarbazepine Acetate (Aptiom) Ethosuximide (Zarontin) Felbamate (Felbatol) Fenfluramine (Fintepla) Gabapentin (Neurontin) Lacosamide (Vimpat) Lamotrigine (Lamictal) Levetiracetam (Keppra) Methsuximide (Celontin) Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) Perampanel (Fycompa) Phenobarbital (Luminal) Phenytoin (Dilantin) Pregabalin (Lyrica) Primidone (Mysoline) Rufinamide (Banzel) Stiripentol (Diacomit) Tiagabine (Gabitril) Topiramate (Topamax) Valproate (Depakote, Depakene, Depacon) Vigabatrin (Sabril) Zonisamide (Zonegran) Part 9 Samples and Case Discussions 9.1 Teaching Case Discussions with Dr. Abou-​Khalil Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9 Case 10 9.2 Pediatric Teaching Case Discussions with Dr. Ess Pediatric Epilepsy Case 1 Pediatric Epilepsy Case 2 Pediatric Epilepsy Case 3 9.3 Teaching Case Discussions with Dr. Sonmezturk Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 9.4 EEG Examples Periodic Discharges with Anoxia HSV Encephalitis Wicket Spikes Breach Rhythm Creutzfeldt-​Jakob Disease Cough Syncope Pentobarbital Coma Parkinsonism with Tremor Attenuation with Subdural Hematoma Focal Attenuation in a Patient with Right Hemisphere Stroke Hypsarrhythmia Part 10 Appendix 10.1 Abbreviations Notes Index "Electroencephalography (EEG) is an invaluable tool for evaluating patients with suspected seizures or encephalopathy, yet EEG is only one source of data, so information from this technology must be integrated with knowledge of basic science and clinical neurology. This work has a principal focus on EEG, but interleaves that discussion with information on seizures, epilepsy, encephalopathy, and other neurologic conditions for which EEG can be a useful diagnostic tool"-- Provided by publisher