آثیرماتا: مقالات انتقادی در مورد باستان‌شناسی مدیترانه شرقی به افتخار ای. سوزان شرات

Over her career Susan Sherratt has questioned our basic assumptions in many areas of the later prehistory of the Mediterranean and Europe, deploying a canny eye for detail, but never losing sight of the big picture. Her collected works include contributions on the relationship between Homeric epic and archaeology; the economy of ceramics, metals and other materials; the status of the ‘Sea Peoples’ and other ethnic terminologies; routes and different forms of interaction; and the history of museums/collecting (especially relating to Sir Arthur Evans). The editors of this volume have brought together a cast of thirty-two scholars from nine different countries who have contributed these twenty-six papers to mark Sue’s 65th birthday – a collection that seeks to reflect both her broad range of interests and her ever-questioning approach to uncovering the realities of life in Europe and the Mediterranean in later prehistory. Table of Contents Introduction (Yannis Galanakis, Toby Wilkinson and John Bennet) A selected list of publications by Sue Sherratt (as of autumn 2014) How and when did Tel Akko get its unusual banana shape? (Michal Artzy and Jamie Quartermaine) The integration of gold resources in the Byzantine economy: an open question (Evanthia Baboula) The ‘Sea Peoples’ as an emergent phenomenon (Alexander A. Bauer) Pottery mobility, landscape survey and maritime activity: a view from Kythera (Cyprian Broodbank and Evangelia Kiriatzi) ‘In vino veritas’: raising a toast at Mycenaean funerals (William Cavanagh and Christopher Mee) Geraki in Laconia in Late Helladic times (Joost Crouwel) How warlike were the Mycenaeans, in reality? (Oliver Dickinson) Desecrating signs: ‘hieroglyphic’ writing systems and secondary script inventions (Silvia Ferrara) Chronologies should carry a ‘use by’ date: the archaeological life history of the ‘Beth Shan Stirrup Jar’ (Elizabeth French) Arthur Evans and the quest for the “origins of Mycenaean culture” (Yannis Galanakis) Man/Woman, Warrior/Maiden: The Lefkandi Toumba female burial reconsidered (Kate Harrell) The Waz-lily and the Priest’s Axe: can relief-beads tell us something? (Helen Hughes-Brock) ‘Working with the shadows’: in search of the myriad forms of social complexity (Maria Iacovou) James Saumarez Cameron: a forgotten collector of Cretan seals (Olga Krzyszkowska) The Post-Mycenaean dead: ‘damned if you do, damned if you don’t’ (Katie Lantzas) The spider’s web: innovation and society in the Early Helladic ‘Period of the Corridor Houses’ (Joseph Maran and Maria Kostoula) ‘Metal makes the wheel go round’: the development and diffusion of studded-tread wheels in the Ancient Near East and the Old World (Simone Mühl) “For it is written”: an experimental approach to the materiality and temporality of clay documents inscribed in Linear B (Tom Pape, Paul Halstead, John Bennet and Yannis Stangidis) A ‘wall bracket’ from Kandia in the Argolid: notes on the local character and function of an ‘east Mediterranean’ artefact of the Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age (Lorenz Rahmstorf) Reading post-palatial Mycenaean iconography: some lessons from Lefkandi (Jeremy B. Rutter) Functions and meanings of Aegean-type pottery at Tel Beth-Shean (Philipp W. Stockhammer) Ceramic developments in coastal Western Anatolia at the dawn of the Early Iron Age (Rik Vaessen) Beaker Folk in Thrace: a metrological footnote (Michael Vickers) Rosso antico marble and the façade entablature of the Treasury of Atreus (Peter Warren) Feasts of clay? Ceramics and feasting at Early Minoan Myrtos: Fournou Korifi (Todd Whitelaw) Dressing the house, dressing the pots: textile-inspired decoration in the late 3rd and 2nd millennia BC east Mediterranean (Toby C. Wilkinson) Over her career Susan Sherratt has questioned our basic assumptions in many areas of the later prehistory of the Mediterranean and Europe, deploying a canny eye for detail, but never losing sight of the big picture. Her collected works include contributions on the relationship between Homeric epic and archaeology; the economy of ceramics, metals and other materials; the status of the ‘Sea Peoples’ and other ethnic terminologies; routes and different forms of interaction; and the history of museums/collecting (especially relating to Sir Arthur Evans). The editors of this volume have brought together a cast of thirty-two scholars from nine different countries who have contributed these twenty-six papers to mark Sue’s 65th birthday – a collection that seeks to reflect both her broad range of interests and her ever-questioning approach to uncovering the realities of life in Europe and the Mediterranean in later prehistory. Front cover 1 Title page 3 Copyright page 4 Contents 5 List of Contributors 11 Elizabeth Susan Sherratt; photograph: University of Sheffield, 2013. 12 Introduction 13 Yannis Galanakis, Toby Wilkinson and John Bennet 13 Figure 1.1. Matriculation at New Hall College (Cambridge, 1968). Sue is in the second row from the top, seventh from the left (Courtesy of Murray Edwards [New Hall] College, University of Cambridge). 15 Figure 1.2. Sue with her son Matthew (1983). 15 Figure 1.3. Sue and Andrew in Wales (Pembrokeshire coastline) on a family holiday (early 2000s). 16 Figure 1.4. Sue in Dubrovnik (summer 2013). The building seen at the back is Arthur Evans's house in Dalmatia (1875-1882), Casa San Lazzaro (now Villa Agave). 16 Figure 1.5. Sue in Carningli, Wales (1993). 17 Figure 1.6. Sue at 16 in a series of passport photos, Glasgow (1965). 17 A selected list of publications by Sue Sherratt (as of autumn 2014) 18 (inset, satellite image courtesy of Digital Globe, 2013). 23 Figure 2.1. Tel Akko in relation to the historic city of Acre and an aerial photograph of the tell 23 How and when did Tel Akko get its unusual banana shape? 23 Michal Artzy and Jamie Quartermaine 23 Figure 2.2. Section through the glacis of the northern rampart of the tell revealed during the 1973-74 excavations. 24 Figure 2.3. Aerial photograph of Tel Akko showing the area of undulating ground 24 in the southern indentation. 24 Figure 2.4. Aerial photography of Old Akko taken in 1918 by the German air force showing Tel Akko 25 and its disturbed southern section. 25 Figure 2.5. Detail of Joseph Treidel’s map of Tel Akko (1925-6) superimposed on a modern topographic map of the tell. 26 Figure 2.6. Ground photograph of the disturbed southern indentation of Tel Akko by William F. Badè in 1935 looking west towards the Old City (right), alongside a modern computerised model of the tell as plan (top left) 26 and in isometric view (bottom left). 26 Figure 2.7. Map from the early 1840s made by Symonds and Skyring (above) 27 and superimposed on a modern topographic map (below). 27 providing a schematic representation of Tel Akko. 28 Figure 2.8. Map of the Old City and environs by Lieut. B.G.D. Bedford dated probably to 1862, 28 Figure 2.9. Map of the Old City and environs by B.R. Davies dated to 1843 28 with enlargement showing the tell (inset). 28 Figure 2.10. Original 1799 map of the Old City and troop dispositions, 29 believed to be the source for the 1843 map by B.R. Davies. 29 Figure 2.11. Map of the area east of the Old City by the French Engineer Corps, the genie, 30 dated to 1799 superimposed on a modern map of the tell. 30 Figure 2.12. Painting of St Jean d’Acre by Gravier d’Ortières for King Louis XIV, dated to c. 1685-87, 31 showing view from the bay. 31 Figure 2.13. Topographic map of Tel Akko showing areas of archaeological excavation. 32 Figure 2.14. Section of Area G excavations showing pits in which 13th CE century ceramics were found. 32 The integration of gold resources in the Byzantine economy: 35 an open question 35 Evanthia Baboula 35 The ‘Sea Peoples’ as an emergent phenomenon 43 Alexander A. Bauer 43 Pottery mobility, landscape survey and maritime activity: 53 a view from Kythera 53 Cyprian Broodbank and Evangelia Kiriatzi 53 Figure 5.1. Kythera, showing its location in the south-west Aegean, the extent of the Kythera Island Project (KIP) survey area, the surveyed accessible coastal zone as discussed, and places mentioned in the text. 54 Figure 5.2. Kythera, showing the location of the source of red micaceous clay and the percentage of the resultant fabric on survey sites, scaled for weight of collected pottery (with the exception of a very large sample from Kastri, 55 which is here reduced in size). 55 Figure 5.3. Coarseware stirrup jar MK 295 after cleaning, and (top-right) its fabric in thin section 57 under the polarizing microscope (XP, field of view 5.6mm). 57 ‘In vino veritas’: raising a toast at Mycenaean funerals 63 William Cavanagh and Christopher Mee† 63 Figure 7.1. Geraki in Lakonia (Geraki Archive). 69 Geraki in Laconia in Late Helladic times 69 Joost Crouwel 69 Figure 7.2. The acropolis at Geraki seen from west (Geraki Archive). 70 Figure 7.3. The acropolis at Geraki: topographical map, showing test trenches, 71 Figure 7.4. Geraki, two pots from a tomb group (Sparta Museum 1775 and 1774; after Crouwel 2010: 85, fig. 5). 71 including those in Field 17 (1997). 71 Figure 7.5. Geraki, bronze pin from a tomb group (Sparta Museum 1776; after Crouwel 2010: 85, fig. 6). 72 Figure 7.6. Geraki, ‘Matt Painted’ handle (Geraki, inv. no. 1129/15). 72 Figure 7.7. Geraki, Late Minoan IA (?) body sherd (Geraki, inv. no. 1357/6). 72 (Geraki, inv. no. 169/8). 73 Figure 7.8. Geraki, Late Minoan IA (?) body sherd from a Vapheio cup 73 Figure 7.9. Geraki, Late Minoan IA (?) body sherd (Geraki, inv. no. 7131/6). 73 Figure 7.10. Geraki, Protogeometric rim sherd (Geraki, inv. no. 7006/2). 74 Figure 7.11. Geraki, Mycenaean alabastron (photograph supplied by Ioanna Efstathiou-Manolakou). 74 How warlike were the Mycenaeans, in reality? 79 Oliver Dickinson 79 Desecrating signs: ‘hieroglyphic’ writing systems and secondary script inventions1 85 Silvia Ferrara 85 Figure 9.1. Anatolian ‘Hieroglyphic’ signary (after Marazzi 1990: table 3). 88 Figure 9.2. Cretan ‘Hieroglyphic’ signary (after Olivier and Godart 1996: 17). 89 Chronologies should carry a ‘use by’ date: the archaeological life history of the ‘Beth Shan Stirrup Jar’1 93 Elizabeth French 93 Arthur Evans and the quest for the “origins of Mycenaean culture” 97 Yannis Galanakis 97 Figure 11.1. Portrait of Arthur Evans by William Richmond, 1907 (WA 1907.2). Courtesy of the Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford. 97 Courtesy of the Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford. 98 Figure 11.2. Arthur Evans with some of the pioneers of archaeological exploration in Crete in the mid-1890s: from left to right, Arthur Evans, Luigi Savignioni, Joseph Hatzidakis, Lucio Mariani, and Federico Halbherr. A.J. Evans Archive. 98 Figure 11.3. Letter of Athanasios Rhousopoulos to Arthur Evans, 26 November 1896, providing additional information on the carnelian seal engraved with a flying fish (CMS VI no. 462; AN1938.972), said to have been found in a grave at Kleitoria in Arcadia ( 102 Figure 11.4. Two pages with Arthur Evans’s drawings of seals once in the possession of Athanasios Rhousopoulos (1899-1900?). A number of them are said to be from Crete. Folder 7, Aegean n.d. 1 (no. 159), A.J. Evans Archive, Ashmolean Museum, University of 103 Figure 11.5. The four-sided agate ‘Chester seal’ inscribed on all sides with hieroglyphic signs presented to the Ashmolean Museum in 1889 (CMS VI no. 104; AN1889.998). Image courtesy of the Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford; drawing courtesy of the C 104 Man/Woman, Warrior/Maiden: 111 The Lefkandi Toumba female burial reconsidered 111 Kate Harrell 111 The Waz-lily and the Priest’s Axe: can relief-beads tell us something?1 117 Helen Hughes-Brock 117 Figure 13.1. Egyptian gold cowrie bead, 12th Dynasty (after Andrews 1990 fig. 39a = 1994: fig. 69a). 118 Figure 13.2. Egyptian ‘wallet’ bead, 17th Dynasty (after Beck 1928: fig. 27). 118 Figure 13.3. Relief-bead from Sellopoulo (after Popham 1974: fig. 11). 119 Figure 13.4. Priest with axe, seal from Vapheio (after Evans 1935: II, fig. 343c). 119 Figure 13.5. Relief-bead from Mycenae (after Xenaki-Sakellariou 1985: 302, 80). 120 Figure 13.6. Relief-bead from Mycenae (after Xenaki-Sakellariou 1985: 302, 82). 120 Figure 13.7. Relief-bead from Spata (after Koumanoudis and Kastorchis 1877: pl. Γ). 120 Figure 13.8. Relief-beads from Mycenae (after Xenaki-Sakellariou 1985: 302, 83). 120 (after Crouwel 2009: fig. 16). 121 Figure 13.9. Decoration on jars from Perati, LH IIIC 121 Figure 13.10. Necklace from Prosymna (after Blegen 1937: II, fig. 577). 122 Reproduced with permission of the Cambridge University Press. 122 Figure 13.11. Map showing distribution of waz-lily beads, wallet-beads, cowrie-beads and ‘priest-seals’ (or as motifs or moulds) in eastern Mediterranean as discussed in the text (map prepared by Toby Wilkinson and Yannis Galanakis). 123 ‘Working with the shadows’: 129 in search of the myriad forms of social complexity1 129 Maria Iacovou 129 (map drafted by Athos Agapiou). 130 Figure 14.1. Map of Cyprus indicating the location of ancient slag deposits (digitised from Stos-Gale, Maliotis and Gale 1998 and the Archives of the Cyprus Geological Survey); it confirms that in antiquity copper was primarily exploited from the pillow l 130 (map drafted by Athos Agapiou). 134 Figure 14.2. Map of the eastern part of Cyprus with main sites relevant to the discussion and the location of copper-rich pillow lavas and ancient slags. Digital geological data from Cyprus Geological Survey 134 James Saumarez Cameron: a forgotten collector of Cretan seals 139 Olga Krzyszkowska 139 Figure 15.1. Captain J.S. Cameron (June 1914). 140 Figure 15.2. The English Camp (Candia). Tinted postcard (no. 70) by Rahmizâde Béhâeddin around 1905-1906. 142 Figure 15.3. Officers of the 2nd Battalion Royal Sussex (detail). Candia 1906. Cameron is in the back row, left. After TNA: RSR/PH/2/33 f. 53. 143 The Post-Mycenaean dead: ‘damned if you do, damned if you don’t’1 147 Katie Lantzas 147 Figure 16.1. Map showing location of sites in the Argolid. 148 Table 16.1. Catalogue of mortuary contexts from Mycenae dating between the LH IIIC and the Early Geometric periods. 149 The spider’s web: innovation and society in the Early Helladic ‘Period of the Corridor Houses’ 153 Joseph Maran and Maria Kostoula 153 Figure 17.1. Type A sealings from Lerna, L4.347 (a-b), L4.346 (a-c), L4.345 (a-b) (scale 1:2). 154 Figure 17.2. New joins amongst Type A sealings from Lerna, L4.363a+b-L4.367 (a-d) and L4.402-L4.406a+b (a-e) (scale 1:2). 155 Figure 17.3. Various plasticine casts of the reverse of Type A sealings from Lerna at the CMS Archive, Institute of Classical Archaeology, University of Heidelberg (scale 1:2). 156 Figure 17.4. New join (a-b) amongst sealing fragments L4.408 (a-d) and L4.410 (a-b.e-g) (scale 1:2). 157 Figure 17.5. Reconstruction of an average door associated with Type A sealings: a) front; b) back (scale 1:25); c: view of door from above (no scale). 159 Figure 17.6. Reconstruction of a door, based on evidence recovered from sealings L4.408-L4.410: 160 Figure 17.7. Reconstruction of door closures based on evidence recovered from Type A sealings: a and c) section; b and d) frontal view (N.B. not to scale: proportions altered for clarity). 162 Figure 17.8. Sealing (MN3358) from Asine (a-d); e) silicone cast of the reverse (d) (scale 1:2); f) Reconstruction of a bolting rod (no scale). 164 ‘Metal makes the wheel go round’: the development and diffusion of studded-tread wheels in the Ancient Near East and the Old World 171 Simone Mühl 171 Figure 18.1. Motif on a Scarlet Ware vessel, Khafaje (after Delougaz 1952: pl. 62). 171 Figure 18.2. Motif on a Scarlet Ware vessel, Susa (after Amiet 1966: fig. 106 A). 172 Figure 18.3. Drawing of a sealing from a vessel, Uruk (after Boehmer 1985: 105, no. 58). 172 Figure 18.4. Cart burial, Susa (Amiet 1966: 143, fig. 103). 173 Figure 18.5. Cart burial, Kish (Langdon and Watelin 1934: pl. 23, 1). 173 Figure 18.6. Terracotta, Nippur (after Legrain 1930: pl. 45, no. 239). 174 Figure 18.7. Terracotta, Nippur (after Legrain 1930: pl. 46, no. 241). 174 Figure 18.8. Terracotta, Kish (after Langdon and Watelin 1934: pl. 14, 1). 175 Figure 18.9. Copper model, Tell Agrab (after Frankfort 1943: pl. 60). 175 Figure 18.10. Motif on a chlorite vessel fragment, Khafaje (after Frankfort 1935: 48, fig. 55). 176 Table 18.1. Catalogue of Nineveh reliefs by room. 177 Figure 18.11. Chariot scene, Til Barsip (after Parrot 1961: 270, fig. 345). 178 Figure 18.12. Silver beaker, Lori Berd (after Kalantaryan 2007: pl. 74). 179 Table 18.2. Catalogue of Etruscan burials with studded-tread wheel chariots. 179 Figure 18.13. Chariot, Castel di Decima, Via Pontina cemetery, tomb 15 (after Crouwel 2012: 141, pl. 1a). 180 Figure 18.14. Cerveteri, Sorbo cemetery, tomb 8 (after Crouwel 2012: 199, pl. 116a). 180 Figure 18.15. Drawing of a sealing, 7287/SS199, Gordion (after Dusinberre 2005: fig. 44, cat. no. 34). 181 Figure 18.16. Grave stele, Daskyleion, Istanbul Museum inv. no. 5763 (after Borchhardt 1968: pl. 50, 1). 181 Figure 18.17. Golden chariot model, ‘Oxus’ 182 Figure 18.18. Excavator’s reconstruction of a wheel, Sardis-Bin Tepeler 182 Figure 18.19. Drawing of single tread nails, Sardis-Bin Tepeler 183 Figure 18.20. German road sign for animal pulled carts (after Hassler and Hassler 1993: 71, figs. 6-4). 184 Figure 18.21. Map showing distribution of studded-tread wheel finds in the 3rd and 1st millennia BC. 184 “For it is written”: an experimental approach to the materiality and temporality of clay documents inscribed in Linear B 189 Tom Pape, Paul Halstead, John Bennet and Yannis Stangidis 189 Figure 19.1a. Experimental clay tablet inscribed with standard set of signs before drying began: test-piece made by T. Pape (2002: 48, no.4). 191 Figure 19.1b. Experimental clay tablet inscribed with standard set of signs after 4 hours’ drying at 40 ̊ C: test-piece made by T. Pape (2002: 49, no.9). 191 Table 19.1. Results of inscribing experimental clay documents after drying at 40 ̊ C for varying lengths of time (data from Pape 2002). 192 Table 19.2. Results of correcting inscribed experimental documents, fresh and dry, using different methods of erasing original ideograms (data from Pape 2002). 192 Figure 19.2a. Experimental clay tablet inscribed with standard set of signs, dried, then line .3 scraped while dry and signs re-inscribed: test-piece made by 193 Figure 19.2b. Experimental clay tablet inscribed with standard set of signs, dried, then immersed in water before erasure of entire existing text and re-inscription, test-piece made by T. Pape (2002: 49, no.11). 193 Figure 19.3a. Experimental clay tablet inscribed with standard set of signs, dried and wrapped in a wet cloth before erasure and re-inscription (replacement of right-hand two signs [rota and bos] on second line with “20” [two horizontal bars]): test-piece 193 Figure 19.3b. Experimental clay tablet inscribed with standard set of signs, dried, then wetted with finger and signs erased: test-piece made by 193 T. Pape (2002: 48, no.3). 193 T. Pape (2002: 49, no.14). 193 A ‘wall bracket’ from Kandia in the Argolid: notes on the local character and function of an ‘east Mediterranean’ artefact of the Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age 199 Lorenz Rahmstorf 199 Figure 20.1. Drawing of the wall bracket from Kandia, Argolid, seen from the front (1), 199 (Photograph by the author). 200 Figure 20.2. Photograph of the wall bracket from Kandia, Argolid, seen from the front (1), from the side (2), from the back (3) and from top (4). Scale ca. 1:2. 200 Drawings not to scale. 201 Figure 20.3. Sketch showing the typo-chronological development of east Mediterranean wall brackets (Rahmstorf 2008: fig. 30). Key: 1-3) Tiryns (Rahmstorf 2008: pl. 39, nos. 1821, 1826, pl. 40, no. 1829); 4-5 and 12) Enkomi (Dikaios 1969-71: pl. 134, no. 201 Figure 20.4. Geographic distribution of east Mediterranean wall brackets, c. 1500-1050 BC. Key: 1) Tiryns; 2) Mycenae; 3) Kandia; 4) Phaistos; 5) Uluburun; 6) Enkomi; 7) Myrtou-Pigadhes; 8) Kition; 9) Hala Sultan Tekke; 10) Maa-Palaeokastro; 11) Palaipaph 203 Reading post-palatial Mycenaean iconography: 209 some lessons from Lefkandi 209 Jeremy B. Rutter 209 All figures reproduced with the permission of the British School at Athens. 210 Figure 21.1. Angular alabastron, Lefkandi LH IIIC Phase 2a (after Crouwel 2006a: pl. 67: G1). 210 (after Crouwel 2006a: pl. 61: C2). 211 Figure 21.2. ‘Feeding Goats’ krater, Lefkandi LH IIIC Phase 2a (after Crouwel 2006a: pl. 61: C1). 211 Figure 21.3. Krater, Lefkandi LH IIIC Phase 2b 211 Figure 21.4. ‘Bird’s Nest’ krater, Lefkandi LH IIIC Phase 1b (after Crouwel 2006a: pl. 63: E2). 212 Figure 21.5. Krater, Lefkandi LH IIIC Phase 2? (after Crouwel 2006a: pl. 64: E1). 212 Figure 21.6. Krater, Lefkandi LH IIIC Phase 2 (after Crouwel 2006a: pl. 62: C3). 213 (after Crouwel 2006a: pl. 68: G2). 214 Figure 21.7. Krater, Lefkandi LH IIIC Phase 2a 214 Functions and meanings of Aegean-type pottery at Tel Beth-Shean 219 Philipp W. Stockhammer 219 Figure 22.1. Chronological chart comparing alternative Tel Beth-Shean sequences with those of the Aegean, Cyprus and Levant (prepared by the author). 220 Figure 22.2. Tel Beth-Shean, Level VIII: architectural evidence and loci (James and McGovern 1993: 3 map 2; courtesy of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology). 221 Figure 22.3. Tel Beth-Shean, Level VII: architectural evidence and loci (James and McGovern 1993: 2 map 1; courtesy of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology). 221 Figure 22.4. Tel Beth-Shean: Aegean-type pottery from Level VIII-VII loci of the temple area (James and McGovern 1993: figs. 53, 6, 54, 1.10, 55, 1-3; courtesy of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology). See also the Catalo 222 Figure 22.5. Tel Beth-Shean: Canaanite-type vessels with presumably ritual functions from the temple area (James and McGovern 1993: figs. 9,1-2, 12,2, 14,5-6, 16,12, 97,1, 102,1.4; courtesy of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anth 223 Figure 22.6. Tel Beth-Shean: Aegean-type pottery from Level VII loci in the eastern part of the area (FitzGerald 1930: pl. 43, 11; James and McGovern 1993: figs. 25,4, 28,3, 30,1, 53,7, 54,7; courtesy of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeolo 224 Figure 22.7. Tel Beth-Shean: Aegean-type pottery from Level VI loci (after Hankey 1966: pl. 45, 1-3; Hankey 1967: pl. 29a). See also the Catalogue accompanying this article for the relevant entries. 225 Figure 22.8. Building 1500, Level VI with the complete vessels from Locus 1586 (after Mazar 2006c: 61 fig. 3.2; James 1966: 241 fig. 49, nos. 3, 4, 6, 12, 21, 22; 243, fig. 50, nos. 7, 11, 14; courtesy of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeol 227 Ceramic developments in coastal Western Anatolia at the dawn of the Early Iron Age 235 Rik Vaessen 235 Figure 23.1. Map of Ionia showing most important Late Bronze and Early Iron Age sites (prepared by the author). 235 (courtesy of the Klazomenai Excavations; all rights reserved). 237 Figure 23.2. Protogeometric pottery from Limantepe/Klazomenai 237 (courtesy of Klazomenai Excavations; all rights reserved). 239 Figure 23.3. Group 1 amphora from Limantepe/Klazomenai (drawing: after Aytaçlar 2004:21, fig. 4.1; photo: author, with permission from Y.E. Ersoy). 239 Figure 23.4. Pendant semi-circle skyphos from Limantepe/Klazomenai 239 Figure 23.5. Handmade burnished vessels from Limantepe/Klazomenai Graves 26 (photo: courtesy of the Klazomenai Excavations; 240 all rights reserved). 240 Beaker Folk in Thrace: a metrological footnote 245 Michael Vickers 245 Figure 24.1. Relative beaker sizes: (top) two silver beakers from a Thracian burial at Dalboki, Bulgaria (Ashmolean Museum, Oxford: AN1948.102-103); (bottom-left) beaker from the same burial (Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg: D.1403). Reproduced from Vick 246 Figure 24.2. Silver hoard consisting of a flask and three beakers (Thracia Foundation, Sofia; 247 Rosso antico marble and the façade entablature of the 249 Treasury of Atreus 249 Peter Warren 249 Figure 25.1. (A). Split-rosette frieze block Athens NM 1481 ii. (Gell 1810: pl. 7). (B). Split-rosette frieze block Athens NM 1481 ii (Perrot and Chipiez 1894: fig. 277). (C). Split-rosette frieze block British Museum A 55 (Lethaby 1980: 199 fig. 3 = Pryc 250 Figure 25.2. Treasury of Atreus entablature and doorway, dromos partly cleared, 1805 251 Figure 25.3. Treasury of Atreus interior, dromos partly cleared, drawn by Pomardi showing Dodwell himself drawing, 1805 (Dodwell 1834: pl. 10). 251 (Perrot and Chipiez 1894: 366 and fig. 120). 252 Figure 25.4. Treasury of Atreus, dromos partly cleared, 1856 252 Figure 25.5. Treasury of Atreus façade drawn by F. Thiersch at 1:50 (Thiersch 1879: pl. XIII, Fig. 1). 252 Figure 25.6 .Treasury of Atreus façade elevation 253 Figure 25.7. Treasury of Atreus façade: current best reconstruction (Ellis, Higgins and Hope Simpson 1968: fig. 1). Courtesy of The Trustees of the British Museum. 253 Feasts of clay? Ceramics and feasting at Early Minoan Myrtos: 259 Fournou Korifi 259 Todd Whitelaw 259 Figure 26.1. Myrtos: Fournou Korifi households and communal spaces. By the author. 260 Figure 26.2. Vessel fragmentation graph, entire Period II catalogued assemblage, distinguishing vessels from interior and exterior spaces. By the author. 261 Figure 26.3. Estimated vessel volumes, Period II assemblage: A. full assemblage, 0-350 litres; B. detail, 0-50 litres; C. detail, 0-7.5 litres. By the author. 262 Figure 26.4. Estimated vessel volumes, by vessel type: A. goblets; B. hemispherical cups; C. dipper cups; D. hemispherical bowls; E. deep bowls; F. shallow bowls; G. jars; H. ‘teapot’ spouted jars; I. short-spouted jars; J. jugs; K. cooking pots; insets 263 Figure 26.5. Vessel types in analysed Period II assemblage, distinguished by vessel preservation. By the author. 266 Figure 26.6. Vessel types in four households, distinguished by vessel preservation. 267 Dressing the house, dressing the pots: textile-inspired decoration in the late 3rd and 2nd millennia BC east Mediterranean 273 Toby C. Wilkinson 273 Figure 27.1. Map showing location of sites and wares mentioned in the text 274 Figure 27.2. Simplified schematic diagram showing approximate emergence of various textile- or net-inspired painted pottery in Near East and eastern Mediterranean, 2500-1000 BC. 278 Figure 27.3. Calcified (linen?) fragments wrapped around neck of LH IIIA2 jug from chamber tomb 1, Pylona, Rhodes (after Karantzali 2001: col. pl. 2). 279 Figure 27.4. Storage pithoi with skeuomorphic rope patterns from Phaistos (photo by author). 279 Figure 27.5. Goblet from karum-era Kültepe (after Özgüç 2003: 171 fig. 150), 280 Figure 27.6. A possible echo of textile decorated metallic vases: a shiny red (‘metallic’-inspired?) pottery hydria with geometric (‘textile’-inspired?) band, Kültepe, c. 1950-1835 BC 280 and a modern knitted equivalent on mass-produced Starbucks coffee cup. 280 Figure 27.7. Face-pots and face-lids from Troy III (after Blegen et al. 1951 vol. 2 part 2: pl. 79). 281 Figure 27.8. ‘Screaming baby mouths’, storage box from Kültepe, c. 1950-1835 BC 282 Eastern Mediterranean,prehistoric Greece,prehistory,Susan Sherratt Over her career Susan Sherratt has questioned our basic assumptions in many areas of the later prehistory of the Mediterranean and Europe, deploying a canny eye for detail, but never losing sight of the big picture. Her collected works include contributions on the relationship between Homeric epic and archaeology; the economy of ceramics, metals and other materials; the status of the ‘Sea Peoples'and other ethnic terminologies; routes and different forms of interaction; and the history of museums/collecting (especially relating to Sir Arthur Evans). The editors of ΑΘΥΡΜΑΤΑ (Athyrmata) have brought together a cast of thirty-two scholars from nine different countries who have contributed these twenty-six papers to mark Sue's 65th birthday – a collection that seeks to reflect both her broad range of interests and her ever-questioning approach to uncovering the realities of life in Europe and the Mediterranean in later prehistory.