Atherosclerosis V : Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium

The objective of the program committee of the Fifth International Symposium on Atherosclerosis was to bring together experts in many disciplines to broaden the scope of the attack on this disease and to foster interaction. Our hope was that such interaction would accelerate the eradication of the disease. The symposium achieved that objective and con­ tinued the tradition of the previous symposia in providing a forum for summaries of recent research developments in the study, treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis. The leading authorities and researchers in this field and in the related areas of interest have presented the newest information, concepts and ideas that have evolved in the past three years since the previous meeting in Tokyo. The most promising fields for future investigation are clearly identified, as are the nature of the controversies that persist in some highly important aspects of treatment of this disease. The appearance of these proceedings so soon after the meeting will greatly enhance the impact of the symposium on current research in atherosclerosis. The program committee is particularly indebted to the excellent response of the inves­ tigators for their willingness to participate in the symposium and for their successful efforts in bringing high quality to their presentations. Their cooperation in the expeditious delivery of manuscripts for this volume has been particularly gratifying. The efforts of Ms. Barbara Allen in preparing this volume bear special note. Front Matter....Pages i-xxxix Front Matter....Pages 1-2 Atherosclerosis: Patterns and Rates of Progression....Pages 3-7 Surgery for Coronary Artery Disease....Pages 8-16 Review of 30 Years of Surgery of the Heart and the Great Vessels....Pages 17-25 Mechanism of Progress. Page from the History of Cardiovascular Surgery....Pages 26-34 My Current Views Regarding Coronary Bypass Surgery....Pages 35-39 Results of Coronary Bypass: A Long-Term Perspective....Pages 40-42 Current Views Regarding Coronary Bypass Surgery....Pages 43-46 Comparison of Medical and Surgical Mortality in a High Risk Subset of Coronary Patients with Extreme Degrees of Exercise-Induced Ischemia....Pages 47-51 Introduction to Epidemiology of Atherosclerotic Lesions....Pages 52-53 Epidemiology of Coronary Atherosclerosis: Postmortem vs Clinical Risk Factor Correlations. The Framingham Study....Pages 54-56 Risk Factors for Coronary and Cerebral Atherosclerosis in the Oslo Study....Pages 57-62 Atherosclerosis and Its Risk Factors Among Hawaii Japanese....Pages 63-66 Atherosclerosis, Smoking and Other Risk Factors....Pages 67-70 Drug Treatment of Hyperlipidemias....Pages 71-73 Drug Treatment of Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia. Effects on Plasma Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels....Pages 74-77 Synergism in Drug Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolemia....Pages 78-82 Effect of Plasma Lipoextraction and Infusion of Heterologous HDL on the Development of Experimental Atherosclerosis in Rabbits....Pages 83-85 New Drug Treatments in Hyperlipidaemia....Pages 86-89 Apoprotein Changes Following Treatments with Hypolipidemic Drugs....Pages 90-93 Milieu and Function of Arterial Wall—The Clues to Unique Reactivity....Pages 94-97 Front Matter....Pages 1-2 Atherogenetic Factors Intrinsic to the Artery Wall....Pages 98-102 Arterial Endothelium in the Initial Stages of Atherogenesis....Pages 103-111 Ultrastructure of the Normal Arterial Endothelium and Intima....Pages 112-120 Biochemical Studies on Permeability and the Interaction Between Blood Constituents and Arterial Components in Atherosclerosis....Pages 121-125 Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis....Pages 126-129 Mononuclear Phagocytes in Atherosclerosis....Pages 130-132 Altered Permeability in Atherosclerosis—Morphological Evidence....Pages 133-135 The Elastic Element in the Arterial Wall: Biosynthesis and Degradation....Pages 136-139 Prostacyclin Production by Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells....Pages 140-143 Lipid, Apoprotein and Lipoprotein Origin and Synthesis....Pages 144-145 Origin in Plasma of Low Density and High Density Lipoproteins....Pages 146-151 Biological and Biochemical Aspects of ML-236B (Compactin) and Monacolin K, Specific Competitive Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase....Pages 152-155 Biosynthesis of Rat Apolipoprotein E....Pages 156-159 Apoprotein Secretion from the Human Intestine....Pages 160-163 Nascent VLDL and Nascent HDL from Liver....Pages 164-167 Synthesis and Secretion of Very Low Density Lipoprotein by Cultured Rat Hepatocytes....Pages 168-172 Topochemical Studies on Human High Density Lipoprotein....Pages 173-175 The Associating System of Small Subunits in ApoLDL....Pages 176-179 Lipoprotein Structure and the Mechanism of Action of Lipoprotein Lipase....Pages 180-183 Structure of High Density Lipoproteins....Pages 184-188 Front Matter....Pages 1-2 Cholesteryl Ester-Rich Very Low Density Lipoproteins: Magnetic Resonance Studies....Pages 189-196 Front Matter....Pages 197-198 Dietary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease—A Policy Overview....Pages 199-208 Dietary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease....Pages 209-218 Evaluation of the Evidence Relating National Dietary Patterns to Disease....Pages 219-219 Diet-Lipid-Atherosclerosis Relationship: Epidemiological Evidence and Public Health Implications....Pages 220-234 Dietary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: The Role of Essential Fatty Acids....Pages 235-243 Identification of Children Who Are Heterozygotes for Familial Hypercholesterolaemia....Pages 244-249 Lipoprotein and Apoprotein, Adipose Tissue and Hepatic Lipoprotein Lipase Levels in Patients with Familial Hyperchylomicronemia and their Immediate Family Members....Pages 250-254 Studies of a Large French-Canadian Kindred with Two Forms of Hyperlipoproteinemia....Pages 255-259 The Complex Genetics of Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia: Influence of Co-inherited Monogenic Hyperlipidemia upon the Phenotypic Expression of Apolipoprotein E3 Deficiency....Pages 260-263 Prevalence of Hyperlipoproteinemia in Selected North American Populations....Pages 264-267 Hypercholesterolemia Type IIa: Incidence of Secondary, of Familial and of Non-Familial Forms in Central Europe....Pages 268-271 Clues to Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Disease from an Epidemiologic Study of Children—The Bogalusa Heart Study....Pages 272-277 Cigarette Smoking: A Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis in Childhood?....Pages 278-281 Nutrient Intake, Lipids, and Lipoproteins in 6–19-Year-Old Schoolchildren....Pages 282-285 Pediatric Lipoprotein Metabolism and Atherosclerosis: A Prospectus....Pages 286-293 Tracking of Coronary Risk Factors in Children: The Muscatine Study....Pages 294-301 Risk Factors in Children: Role of Hereditary Hyperlipoproteinemia....Pages 302-304 Diet Treatment of Atherosclerosis....Pages 305-306 Body Weight, Dietary Fat, Hyperlipidemia, and Coronary Heart Disease....Pages 307-310 Front Matter....Pages 197-198 Effects of Dietary Fiber on Serum Lipids and Cholesterol Metabolism in Man....Pages 311-315 Effects of Dietary Changes on Plasma Lipoprotein Lipids....Pages 316-319 Hypolipidemic Diets and Biliary Lipid Composition....Pages 320-323 Interaction of Genetic and Environmental Factors Causing Atherosclerosis by Immunologic Mechanisms....Pages 324-329 Immunologic Arterial Injury and Atherogenesis....Pages 330-333 Autoimmune Hyperlipidemia and Autoimmune Xanthomatosis....Pages 334-336 Tobacco, Immunologic Injury, and Cardiovascular Disease....Pages 337-339 Immunoregulatory Lipoproteins, Viral Hepatitis, and Cancer....Pages 340-343 Regulation of Pathways of Lymphocyte Differentiation by the Serum Lipoprotein: LDL-In....Pages 344-347 Autoimmune Mechanisms in the Development of Atherosclerosis....Pages 348-350 Nutritional Factors in Atherosclerosis....Pages 351-354 Cholesterol-Induced Hyperlipoproteinemia and Atherosclerosis in Dogs, Swine and Monkeys: Models for Human Atherosclerosis....Pages 355-358 Dietary Animal Models for Studying Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors....Pages 359-364 Transformation of Naturally Occurring Quiescent Intimal Smooth Muscle Cell Masses into Atherosclerotic Lesions in Swine Fed a Hyperlipidemic Diet....Pages 365-368 Reversal of Atherosclerosis: Comparison of Non-Human Primate Models....Pages 369-374 Triglyceride Hydrolysis by Lipoprotein Lipase Bound to Endothelial Cells in Culture....Pages 375-378 LDL-mediated Endocytosis and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer—Alternative Metabolic Pathways for the Regulation of Cellular Cholesterol Synthesis....Pages 379-382 Mode of Action of the Hepatic Endothelial Lipase: Recycling Endocytosis via Coated Pits....Pages 383-386 Lipoprotein Lipase and Hepatic Endothelial Lipase are Key Enzymes in the Metabolism of Plasma High Density Lipoproteins, Particularly of HDL 2 ....Pages 387-392 How Does Lipoprotein Lipase Bind to Substrate Lipoproteins and How Is Its Activity Regulated?....Pages 393-396 Front Matter....Pages 197-198 Activation of Lipoprotein Lipase by Synthetic Fragments of ApoC-II....Pages 397-400 Front Matter....Pages 401-402 The Vessel Wall and Atherosclerosis....Pages 403-406 The Artery Wall and the Pathogenesis of Progressive Atherosclerosis....Pages 407-414 Endothelial Dysfunction and the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis....Pages 415-425 Prostacyclin and Thromboxane A 2 in Platelet Vessel Wall Interactions....Pages 426-441 The Platelet-Derived Growth Factor....Pages 442-449 Portacaval Shunt for Type II Hyperlipidemia....Pages 450-453 Combined Medico-Surgical Strategy for Severe Familial Hypercholesterolaemia....Pages 454-457 Plasma Exchange in the Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolemia....Pages 458-461 Partial Ileal Bypass: A Test of the Lipid-Atherosclerosis Hypothesis....Pages 462-465 Selective Removal of Low Density Lipoproteins from Blood by Affinity Chromatography....Pages 466-469 Comparison of Cholestyramine, Ileal By-Pass and Portacaval Shunt in the Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolemia....Pages 470-473 Homozygous Hypercholesterolemia; Treatment by Portacaval Shunt....Pages 474-477 High Density Lipoproteins: An Overview....Pages 478-483 Role of HDL in Individual Prediction and Community Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease....Pages 484-487 Cross-Cultural, Ethnic, Demographic, and Environmental Factors Affecting High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Their Mutual Interrelationships with Coronary Heart Disease....Pages 488-494 Epidemiology and High Density Lipoproteins....Pages 495-499 HDL Cholesterol, Tissue Cholesterol and Coronary Atherosclerosis: Epidemiological Correlations....Pages 500-503 The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial....Pages 504-508 Test of the Lipid Hypothesis: The Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT) of the Lipid Research Clinics Program....Pages 509-512 Front Matter....Pages 401-402 The Chicago Heart Health Curriculum Program....Pages 513-519 Summary of Concepts Concerning the Arterial Wall and Its Atherosclerotic Lesions....Pages 520-524 Transport of Macromolecules Across the Artery Wall....Pages 525-528 Cholesteryl Ester-Rich Lipid Inclusions in the Development of Experimental Atherosclerosis in Rabbits....Pages 529-532 Low Density Lipoproteins in the Aorta: Relation to Atherosclerosis....Pages 533-536 Cyclic Nucleotides and Atherosclerosis....Pages 537-540 Differences in the Metabolism of Abnormal Atherogenic Low Density Lipoproteins from O-Cholesterol-Fed Nonhuman Primates by Cells in Culture....Pages 541-545 Factor VIII/Willebrand Factor and the Interaction of Blood Platelets with Subendothelium....Pages 546-549 Do Platelets Contribute to Atherogenesis?....Pages 550-556 Platelet and Endothelial Alterations in Experimental Arteriosclerosis....Pages 557-562 Endothelium in Experimental Atherosclerosis....Pages 563-566 Smooth Muscle Cell Kinetics in Vivo: A Comparative Study....Pages 567-569 Turnover and Metabolism of Body Cholesterol in Humans....Pages 570-575 Turnover of Very Low Density Lipoprotein Proteins....Pages 576-579 Low Density Lipoprotein Metabolism in Familial Hypercholesterolemia....Pages 580-585 Metabolism of Very Low Density Lipoprotein-Triglyceride in Man....Pages 586-590 Effect of Drugs on High Density Lipoprotein Metabolism....Pages 591-595 Liver and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Amongst Lipoprotein—One Suggested Model....Pages 596-599 Role of Chylomicrons in Atherogenesis....Pages 600-603 Front Matter....Pages 605-606 Relationship Between the Properties of the Apo B Containing Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL) of Normolipidemic Rhesus Monkeys and their Mitogenic Action on Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Grown In Vitro....Pages 607-615 Front Matter....Pages 605-606 Lipoprotein Structure and Metabolism: Inhomogeneity, Variability and Species Specificity....Pages 616-623 Structure and Function of the Human Plasma Apolipoproteins....Pages 624-630 Enzymatic Regulation of Lipoprotein Catabolism....Pages 631-640 Cholesterol Feeding: Effects on Lipoprotein Structure and Metabolism....Pages 641-652 Metabolism of Plasma Lipoproteins....Pages 653-665 Possible Mechanisms of Lipid Storage in Tangier Disease....Pages 666-670 Introduction to Deficiencies of Apolipoproteins CII and EIII With Some Associated Clinical Findings....Pages 671-674 Apolipoprotein CII Deficiency....Pages 675-679 Tangier Disease....Pages 680-683 Abetalipoproteinemia and Hypobetalipoproteinemia: Questions Still Exceed Insights....Pages 684-688 Polymorphism of Apolipoprotein E....Pages 689-694 Renin Sodium Profiling and Vasoconstriction Volume Analysis of Hypertensive Patients. A New Era for Diagnosis and Treatment....Pages 695-698 Aortic Endothelial Changes During the Development and Reversal of Experimental Hypertension....Pages 699-702 Atherosclerosis and Its Risk Factors in Japan....Pages 703-706 Controlled Therapeutic Trial in Mild Hypertension—Initial Results....Pages 707-711 Clinical and Pathogenic Relevance of Erythrocyte Cation Fluxes Measurement in Human Hypertension....Pages 712-714 Estimated Rates of Progression and Regression of Human Femoral and Coronary Atherosclerosis in 45-Year-Old Men....Pages 715-718 Community Pathology of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease in New Orleans: Relationship of Risk Factors to Atherosclerotic Lesions....Pages 719-730 Regression Sequences After Experimental Atherosclerosis....Pages 731-734 Changes in Atherosclerotic Lesions Following Surgical Cholesterol Reduction....Pages 735-738 Front Matter....Pages 605-606 Approaches to the Study of Atherosclerosis Regression in Rhesus Monkeys: Interpretation of Morphometric Measurements of Coronary Arteries....Pages 739-748 Regression of Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions in Swine....Pages 749-752 Differences in the Degradation-Rate of Intracellular Lipid Droplets in the Intimal Smooth Muscle Cells and Macrophages of Regressing Atherosclerotic Lesions of Primates....Pages 753-756 Quantitating Rhesus Monkey Atherosclerosis Progression and Regression with Time....Pages 757-761 Prostacyclin and Atherosclerosis—A Hypothesis....Pages 762-765 Modulation by Prostaglandins of Vascular Reactivity to Adrenergic Stimuli....Pages 766-771 Prostaglandins, Thrombin Receptors and Platelet Aggregation in Normal and Hypercholesterolemic Subjects....Pages 772-775 Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes....Pages 776-783 Role of Hormones Associated with Atherogenesis in Modulating Cellular Metabolism of Lipoproteins....Pages 784-786 Platelet Production of Pathological LDL....Pages 787-790 Modulation of Cellular Cholesterol Metabolism by LCAT Treated Lipoproteins....Pages 791-795 Deposition and Hydrolysis of Cytoplasmic Triglyceride and Cholesterol Ester in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells in Culture....Pages 796-799 The Role of the Liver in LDL Catabolism....Pages 800-803 Standardization of Apolipoprotein Immunoassays by an Isotope Dilution Method....Pages 804-806 Rate-Nephelometry of A-I and Electrophoresis....Pages 807-810 Methodological Considerations in Apolipoprotein Immunoassay....Pages 811-815 Plasma Levels of Some Apolipoproteins in Human Atherosclerosis....Pages 816-819 Quantitation of C Apolipoprotein Metabolism in Human Subjects....Pages 820-823 Quantitation of Apolipoproteins C-II and C-III in Plasma....Pages 824-828 Addendum....Pages 829-830 Back Matter....Pages 831-843