Assessment of Toxic Agents at the Workplace : Roles of Ambient and Biological Monitoring

1.1 Organisation and aims This International Seminar, organised jointly by the Com­ mission of the European Communities and the United States authorities (Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) has brought together more than 150 participants from the Member States of the European Community, from the United States, and also from Greece, Finland, Sweden and Switzer­ land. The aim of the Seminar was to examine the roles of ambient and biological monitoring in protecting the health of workers exposed to toxic agents and to define a multidisciplinary approach to this monitoring. To achieve this aim expertise from the following disciplines, directly or indirectly involved with monitoring, was called upon: medicine, industrial hygiene, nursing, biology, engi­ neering, chemistry, epidemiology, statistics, economics and jurisprudence, and representatives from trade unions, indus­ try and government agencies. The difference in concepts that each of these disciplines has of monitoring and of its role in the team is fully reflected in the papers. 1.2 Current trends in occupational health and hygiene (as related to monitoring). Front Matter....Pages I-XXVI Introductory Remarks....Pages 1-2 Current Trends in Occupational Health and Hygiene — General Considerations I....Pages 3-7 Current Trends in Occupational Health and Hygiene — General Considerations II....Pages 8-15 Current Trends in Occupational Health and Hygiene — General Considerations III....Pages 16-28 Current Trends in Occupational Health and Hygiene — General Considerations IV....Pages 29-37 Current Trends in Occupational Health and Hygiene — General Considerations V....Pages 38-42 Recent and Potential Advances Applicable to the Protection of Workers’ Health — Ambient Monitoring I....Pages 43-53 Recent and Potential Advances Applicable to the Protection of Workers’ Health — Ambient Monitoring II....Pages 54-70 Recent and Potential Advances Applicable to the Protection of Workers’ Health — Biological Monitoring I....Pages 71-83 Recent and Potential Advances Applicable to the Protection of Workers’ Health — Biological Monitoring II....Pages 84-94 Current Use of Ambient and Biological Monitoring: Reference Workplace Hazards. Inorganic Toxic Agents — Carbon Monoxide I....Pages 95-102 Current Use of Ambient and Biological Monitoring Reference Workplace Hazards. Inorganic Toxic Agents — Carbon Monoxide II....Pages 103-108 Current Use of Ambient and Biological Monitoring: Reference Workplace Hazards. Inorganic Toxic Agents — Cadmium I....Pages 109-119 Current Use of Ambient and Biological Monitoring: Reference Workplace Hazards. Inorganic Toxic Agents — Cadmium II....Pages 120-143 Current Use of Ambient and Biological Monitoring: Reference Workplace Hazards. Inorganic Toxic Agents — Discussion of Carbon Monoxide and Cadmium....Pages 144-160 Current Use of Ambient and Biological Monitoring: Reference Workplace Hazards. Organic Toxic Agents — Benzene I....Pages 161-173 Current Use of Ambient and Biological Monitoring: Reference Workplace Hazards. Organic Toxic Agents — Benzene II....Pages 174-187 Current Uses of Ambient and Biological Monitoring: Reference Work-Place Hazards. Organic Toxic Agents — Aromatic Amines I....Pages 188-201 Current Use of Ambient and Biological Monitoring: Reference Workplace Hazards. Organic Toxic Agents — Aromatic Amines II....Pages 202-226 Discussion on Current Uses of Ambient and Biological Monitoring....Pages 227-236 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines, the Hygienist: Ambient Monitoring — Where When and How I....Pages 237-245 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines, the Hygienist: Ambient Monitoring — Where When and How II....Pages 246-255 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Nurse: Role in the Health Team I....Pages 256-262 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Nurse: Role in the Health Team II....Pages 263-275 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. the Physician: Assessment of Workers’ Exposure — Ethics and Reliability of Biological Monitoring I....Pages 276-286 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Physician: Assessment of Workers’ Exposure — Ethics and Reliability of Biological Monitoring II....Pages 287-295 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Epidemiologist: Value of Monitoring....Pages 296-305 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Engineer: Equipment, Plant Modifications, and Design I....Pages 306-318 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Engineer: Equipment, Plant Modifications, and Design II....Pages 319-326 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Analytical Chemist: Sample Collection, Methods and Limitations I....Pages 327-339 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Analytical Chemist: Sample Collection, Methods and Limitations II....Pages 340-349 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Economist: Economic Anaylsis of Prevention and Protection I....Pages 350-361 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Economist: Economic Analysis of Prevention and Protection II....Pages 362-373 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Computer Scientist: Record Keeping by Computer I....Pages 374-394 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Computer Scientist: Record Keeping by Computer II....Pages 395-403 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines, Labour Inspectors/Compliance Officers I....Pages 404-415 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. Labour Inspectors/Compliance Officers II....Pages 416-425 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. Medical Inspectors/Medical Officers I....Pages 426-436 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection of Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. Medical Inspectors/Medical Officers II....Pages 437-444 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Lawyer: Legal Aspects of Monitoring, Confidentiality and the Worker’s Right to Know I....Pages 445-458 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Lawyer: Legal Aspects of Monitoring, Confidentiality and the Worker’s Right to Know II....Pages 459-472 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Role of Trade Unions — I....Pages 473-477 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Role of the Trade Unions — II....Pages 478-483 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Industrialist: Industry’s View of Monitoring I....Pages 484-496 Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Industrialist: Industry’s View of Monitoring II....Pages 497-505 Discussion — Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring....Pages 506-541 Standardisation, Good Laboratory Practice and Quality Control: Exchange of Information and International Cooperation I....Pages 542-554 Standardisation, Good Laboratory Practice and Quality Control: Exchange of Information and International Cooperation II....Pages 555-565 Education of the Worker/Management and Those Involved in the Multidisciplinary Approach — I....Pages 566-578 Education of the Worker/Management and Those Involved in the Multidisciplinary Approach — II....Pages 579-587 Discussion on Standardization, Good Laboratory Practice, Quality Control and Education....Pages 588-607 General Discussion....Pages 608-616 Back Matter....Pages 617-634