ASCE Standard, ASCE/SEI, 41-17, Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings

Prepared by the Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings Standards Committee of the Codes and Standards Activities Division of the Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE.Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings, Standard ASCE/SEI 41-17, describes deficiency-based and systematic procedures that use performance-based principles to evaluate and retrofit existing buildings to withstand the effects of earthquakes. The standard presents a three-tiered process for seismic evaluation according to a range of building performance levels by connecting targeted structural performance and the performance of nonstructural components with seismic hazard levels. The deficiency-based procedures allow evaluation and retrofit efforts to focus on specific potential deficiencies deemed to be of concern for a specified set of building types and heights. The systematic procedure, applicable to any building, sets forth a methodology to evaluate the entire building in a rigorous manner.This standard establishes analysis procedures and acceptance criteria, and specifies requirements for foundations and geologic site hazards; components made of steel, concrete, masonry, wood, and cold-formed steel; architectural, mechanical, and electrical components and systems; and seismic isolation and energy dissipation systems. Checklists are provided for a variety of building types and seismicity levels in support of the Tier 1 screening process. This new edition, which updates and replaces previous editions of ASCE 41, introduces revisions to the basic performance objectives for existing buildings and to the evaluation of force-controlled actions. It revises the nonlinear dynamic procedure and changes provisions for steel and concrete columns, as well provisions as for unreinforced masonry. Standard ASCE/SEI 41-17 is a primary reference for structural engineers addressing the seismic resilience of existing buildings and for building code officials reviewing such work; it also will be of interest to architects, construction managers, academic researchers, and building owners. TIPS FOR USING THIS STANDARD......Page 6 ASCE STANDARDS......Page 4 FOREWORD......Page 40 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 42 UNIT CONVERSIONS......Page 46 1.2.1 Definitions......Page 48 1.2.2.1 Upper Case Notations......Page 54 1.2.2.2 Lower-case Notations......Page 61 1.2.2.3 Greek Notations......Page 63 1.4.5 Evaluation Report.......Page 66 1.5.10.2 Construction Quality Assurance Requirements......Page 67 1.5.10.3 Responsibilities of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.......Page 68 2.3.1 Structural Performance Levels and Ranges......Page 70 2.3.1.4 Reduced Safety Structural Performance Range (S-4)......Page 71 2.3.3.2 Immediate Occupancy Building Performance Level (1-B)......Page 72 2.4.1.6 Adjustment for Site Class......Page 73 2.5 Level of Seismicity......Page 74 3.2.5.1 Building Pounding......Page 76 3.4 Evaluation and Retrofit Procedures......Page 81 3.4.1.1 Buildings Conforming to One of the Common Building Types......Page 83 3.4.4.2 Retrofit Requirements......Page 85 4.3 Selection and Use of Checklists......Page 88 4.4.2.2 Story Shear Forces......Page 91 4.4.2.4 Period......Page 92 4.4.3.1 Story Drift for Moment Frames......Page 93 4.4.3.6 Column Axial Stress Caused by Overturning......Page 94 4.4.3.9 Flexural Stress in Columns and Beams of Steel Moment Frames......Page 95 5.2.4 Tier 2 Analysis Methods......Page 96 5.4.3.2 Foundation Performance......Page 99 5.5.2.3 Procedures for Concrete Moment Frames......Page 100 5.5.3.3 Procedures for Precast Concrete Shear Walls.......Page 101 5.5.4.4 Connection Strength......Page 102 5.6.4 Procedures for Precast Concrete Diaphragms......Page 103 5.8 Tier 2 Deficiency-Based Retrofit Requirements......Page 104 6.2.3 Comprehensive Data Collection Requirements......Page 106 6.2.4.4 Assumed Values of the Knowledge Factor......Page 107 6.4 Tier 3 Retrofit Requirements......Page 108 7.2.3.2 Torsion......Page 110 7.2.3.6 Damping......Page 111 7.2.7 Soil-Structure Interaction......Page 112 7.2.9.1 Classification of Diaphragms......Page 113 7.2.11.1 Out-of-Plane Wall Anchorage to Diaphragms......Page 114 7.2.13.1 Minimum Separation......Page 115 7.3.1.1 Method to Determine Limitations on Use of Linear Procedures.......Page 116 7.3.3 Alternative Rational Analysis......Page 117 7.4.1.3 Determination of Forces and Deformations for LSP......Page 118 7.4.3.2 Modeling and Analysis Considerations for NSP......Page 120 7.4.3.3 Determination of Forces, Displacements, and Deformations for NSP......Page 121 7.5.1.1 Primary and Secondary Components......Page 123 7.5.1.3 Expected and Lower-Bound Strengths......Page 124 7.5.2.1 Forces and Deformations......Page 125 7.5.3.2 Acceptance Criteria for Nonlinear Procedures......Page 126 7.6.3 Analysis Parameters and Acceptance Criteria for Subassemblies Based on Experimental Data......Page 127 8.2.2.1 Fault Rupture......Page 130 8.2.2.2 Liquefaction......Page 131 8.4 Foundation Strength and Stiffness......Page 132 8.4.2.2 Soil Shear Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio Parameters......Page 133 8.4.2.3 Shallow Footings Considered Rigid (Method 1)......Page 134 8.4.2.4 Shallow Footings Considered Rigid (Method 2)......Page 136 8.4.2.5 Shallow Foundations Not Rigid Relative to the Soil (Method 3)......Page 138 8.4.3 Pile Foundations......Page 139 8.4.5.1 Linear Procedures......Page 140 8.5.1.2 Embedment......Page 141 8.5.2.1 Radiation Damping for Rectangular Foundations......Page 142 8.6 Seismic Earth Pressure......Page 143 8.7 Foundation Retrofit......Page 144 9.2.2.1 Material Properties......Page 146 9.2.2.3 Test Methods to Quantify Properties......Page 147 9.2.2.4 Minimum Number of Tests......Page 148 9.2.3.2 Scope and Procedures......Page 150 9.3.2.2 Deformation-Controlled Actions......Page 152 9.4.2.1 General......Page 153 9.4.2.2 Stiffness of FR Moment Frames......Page 154 9.4.2.3 Strength of FR Moment Frames......Page 156 9.4.2.4 Acceptance Criteria for FR Moment Frames......Page 157 9.4.2.5 Retrofit Measures for FR Moment Frames......Page 168 9.4.3.3 Strength of PR Moment Frames......Page 169 9.5.1 General......Page 171 9.5.2.4 Acceptance Criteria for Concentrically Braced Frames......Page 172 9.5.3.3 Strength of Eccentrically Braced Frames......Page 173 9.5.4.3 Strength of Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames......Page 174 9.5.5.3 Strength of Steel Plate Shear Walls......Page 175 9.7.3.1 Wood Structural Panels......Page 176 9.7.3.2 Steel Sheet Sheathing......Page 178 9.8.1 General......Page 179 9.8.3.1 Generic Cold-Formed Steel Moment Connection......Page 180 9.8.3.2 Cold-Formed Steel Special Bolted Moment Frame......Page 181 9.10.1.2 Stiffness of Bare Metal Deck Diaphragms......Page 182 9.10.3.1 General......Page 183 9.10.4.5 Retrofit Measures for Steel Truss Diaphragms......Page 184 9.11.2 Stiffness of Steel Pile Foundations......Page 185 9.12.3 Strength and Acceptance Criteria for Cast and Wrought Iron......Page 186 10.2.2.3 Test Methods to Quantify Material Properties......Page 188 10.2.2.4 Minimum Number of Tests......Page 189 10.2.2.5 Default Properties......Page 190 10.2.3.2 Scope and Procedures......Page 191 10.3.1.2 Stiffness......Page 193 10.3.2.1 General......Page 194 10.3.3 Flexure and Axial Loads......Page 195 10.3.5 Development and Splices of Reinforcement......Page 196 10.3.7 Retrofit Measures......Page 199 10.4.2.2 Stiffness of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Moment Frames......Page 200 10.4.2.3 Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Moment Frames......Page 201 10.4.2.4 Acceptance Criteria for Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Moment Frames......Page 203 10.4.3.1 General......Page 206 10.4.3.3 Strength of Post-tensioned Concrete Beam-Column Moment Frames.......Page 207 10.4.4.4 Acceptance Criteria for Slab-Column Moment Frames......Page 208 10.4.4.5 Retrofit Measures for Slab-Column Moment Frames......Page 210 10.6.1.1 Types of Frames......Page 211 10.6.2.4 Acceptance Criteria for Concrete Frames with Masonry Infills......Page 212 10.7.1.3 Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams......Page 214 10.7.2.3 Strength of Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls, Wall Segments, and Coupling Beams......Page 215 10.7.2.4 Acceptance Criteria for Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls, Wall Segments, and Coupling Beams......Page 217 10.8.2.1 General......Page 219 10.8.2.4 Acceptance Criteria for Precast Concrete Structural Walls and Wall Segments......Page 220 10.9.5.1 Linear Static and Dynamic Procedure......Page 221 10.11.3 Retrofit Measures for Precast Concrete Diaphragms......Page 222 10.12.4 Retrofit Measures for Concrete Foundations......Page 223 11.2.2.1 Visual Condition Assessment......Page 224 11.2.3.4 Masonry Elastic Modulus in Compression......Page 225 11.2.3.6 Unreinforced Masonry Shear Strength......Page 226 11.2.3.10 Default Properties......Page 227 11.3.1.2 New Masonry Walls......Page 228 11.3.2.2 Strength of URM Walls Subject to In-Plane Actions......Page 229 11.3.2.3 Acceptance Criteria for URM In-Plane Actions......Page 231 11.3.3.3 Acceptance Criteria for URM Walls Subject to Out-of-Plane Actions......Page 234 11.3.5.2 Strength-Reinforced Masonry Wall Out-of-Plane Actions......Page 235 11.4 Masonry Infills......Page 236 11.4.1.1 Existing Masonry Infills......Page 237 11.4.2.3 Strength-Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frames In-Plane Actions......Page 238 11.4.2.5 Drift-Infill Wall In-Plane Actions......Page 240 11.4.2.7 Acceptance Criteria for Infill Wall In-Plane Actions.......Page 241 11.4.3.2 Strength-Infill Wall Out-of-Plane Actions......Page 242 11.5.3 Quality Assurance for Anchors in Masonry Walls......Page 243 11.6.3 Foundation Retrofit Measures......Page 244 12.2.2.2 Component Properties......Page 246 12.2.2.5 Default Properties......Page 247 12.2.3.2 Scope and Procedures for Condition Assessment......Page 248 12.3.2.3 Force-Controlled Actions......Page 249 12.4.2.1 Existing Wood Frame Shear Walls......Page 250 12.4.3.3 Vertical Wood Siding Shear Walls......Page 251 12.4.3.6 Wood Structural Panel Sheathing or Siding Shear Walls......Page 253 12.4.3.8 Gypsum Plaster on Wood Lath Shear Walls......Page 255 12.4.3.13 Horizontal Lumber Sheathing with Cut-In Braces or Diagonal Blocking Shear Walls......Page 256 12.5.3.1 Single Straight Sheathing Diaphragms......Page 257 12.5.3.6 Wood Structural Panel Sheathing Diaphragm......Page 258 12.5.3.8 Wood Structural Panel Overlays on Existing Wood Structural Panel Sheathing Diaphragms......Page 259 12.7.1.3 Acceptance Criteria for Other Wood Elements and Components......Page 260 13.2.1 Data Collection and Condition Assessment......Page 262 13.4.3.1 Horizontal Seismic Forces.......Page 265 13.4.6 Testing Requirements for Evaluating the Performance of Existing Attachments for Nonstructural Components.......Page 266 13.4.6.2 Components Evaluated to the Position Retention or Life Safety Performance Level......Page 267 13.6.1.1 Adhered Veneer......Page 268 13.6.1.3 Glass Block Units and Other Nonstructural Masonry......Page 269 13.6.1.5 Glazed Exterior Wall Systems......Page 270 13.6.2.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 271 13.6.4.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 272 13.6.7.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 273 13.6.9.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 274 13.7.1.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 275 13.7.3.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 276 13.7.5.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 277 13.7.7.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 278 13.7.9.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 279 13.7.11.4 Evaluation Requirements......Page 280 13.8.3.2 Component Behavior and Retrofit Methods......Page 281 13.8.4.4 Evaluation Requirements......Page 282 14.2.3.5 Vertical Load Stability......Page 284 14.3.4.2 Testing Variations on Nominal Design Properties......Page 285 14.4.1.2 Isolation System Properties......Page 286 14.5.1.1 Linear Static Procedure......Page 287 14.5.2.3 Minimum Lateral Displacements......Page 288 14.5.2.5 Vertical Distribution of Force......Page 289 14.5.4.2 Target Displacement......Page 290 14.7.2 Qualification Tests......Page 291 14.7.3.6 Isolators Dependent on Bilateral Load......Page 292 14.7.5 Determination of Force-Deflection Characteristics......Page 293 14.8 Design Review......Page 294 15.2.2.4 Performance Objectives and System Redundancy......Page 296 15.5.1 General Requirements......Page 297 15.5.3 Acceleration Histories......Page 298 15.8.1.2 Sequence and Cycles of Testing......Page 299 15.8.1.5 Device Adequacy......Page 300 15.9.1.2 Velocity-Dependent Devices......Page 301 15.9.2.3 Design Actions......Page 302 15.10 Nonlinear Static Procedure......Page 303 15.10.2 Velocity-Dependent Devices......Page 304 16.2.2.1 Layup of Walls......Page 306 16.2.2.2 Testing......Page 307 16.2.3 Analysis......Page 308 16.2.3.2 Diaphragms......Page 309 16.2.3.3 Shear Walls......Page 310 16.2.3.5 New Vertical Elements......Page 311 16.2.4.4 Truss and Beam Supports......Page 312 17.3 Structural Checklists for Building Type W2: Wood Frames, Commercial and Industrial......Page 314 17.5 Structural Checklist For Building Types S2: Steel Braced Frames With Stiff Diaphragms and S2A: Steel Braced Frames With Flexible Diaphragms......Page 322 17.7 Structural Checklists For Building Type S4: Dual Systems With Backup Steel Moment Frames and Stiff Diaphragms......Page 328 17.9 Structural Checklists For Building Type Cfs1: Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame Bearing Wall Construction, Shear Wall Lateral System......Page 335 17.10 Structural Checklists For Building Type Cfs2: Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame Bearing Wall Construction, Strap-Braced Lateral Wall System......Page 339 17.11 Structural Checklists For Building Type C1: Concrete Moment Frames......Page 342 17.12 Structural Checklist For Building Types C2: Concrete Shear Walls With Stiff Diaphragms And C2A: Concrete Shear Walls With Flexible Diaphragms......Page 345 17.14 Structural Checklists For Building Types Pc1: Precast Or Tilt-Up Concrete Shear Walls With Flexible Diaphragms And Pc1A: Precast Or Tilt-Up Concrete Shear Walls With Stiff Diaphragms......Page 348 17.15 Structural Checklists For Building Type Pc2: Precast Concrete Frames With Shear Walls......Page 354 17.17 Structural Checklists For Building Types Rm1: Reinforced Masonry Bearing Walls With Flexible Diaphragms And Rm2: Reinforced Masonry Bearing Walls With Stiff Diaphragms......Page 358 17.18 Structural Checklists For Building Types Urm: Unreinforced Masonry Bearing Walls With Flexible Diaphragms And Urma: Unreinforced Masonry Bearing Walls With Stiff Diaphragms......Page 363 17.19 Nonstructural Checklist......Page 365 18.1 Consensus Standards and Other Reference Documents......Page 374 A.2.1.2 Adjacent Buildings......Page 378 A.2.2.1 General......Page 379 A.2.2.3 Soft Story......Page 380 A.2.2.7 Torsion......Page 381 A.2.3 Condition of Materials......Page 382 A.2.3.8 Cracks in Infill Boundary Columns......Page 383 A.2.3.15 Reinforced Masonry Wall Cracks......Page 384 A.3.1.1 General......Page 385 A.3.1.3 Steel Moment Frames......Page 386 A.3.1.4 Concrete Moment Frames......Page 388 A.3.1.6 Frames Not Part of the Seismic-Force-Resisting System.......Page 390 A.3.2.2 Concrete Shear Walls......Page 391 A.3.2.3 Precast Concrete Shear Walls......Page 393 A.3.2.6 Infill Walls in Frames......Page 394 A.3.2.7 Walls in Wood Frame Buildings......Page 395 A.3.2.8 Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame Construction, Shear Wall Systems......Page 397 A.3.3 Braced Frames......Page 398 A.3.3.1 General......Page 399 A.3.3.2 Concentrically Braced Frames......Page 400 A.4 Procedures for Diaphragms......Page 401 A.4.1 General......Page 402 A.4.1.3 Roof Chord Continuity......Page 403 A.4.1.8 Diaphragm Reinforcement at Openings......Page 404 A.4.2.3 Diagonally Sheathed and Unblocked Diaphragms......Page 405 A.4.7.1 Other Diaphragms......Page 406 A.5.1.4 Stiffness of Wall Anchors......Page 407 A.5.3.1 Steel Columns......Page 408 A.5.3.7 Wood Sill and Cold-Formed Steel Base Track Bolts......Page 409 A.5.5.1 Roof Panels......Page 410 A.6.2.1 Overturning......Page 411 A.7.1.1 Unreinforced Masonry......Page 412 A.7.3.2 Independent Support......Page 413 A.7.4.5 Panel Connections......Page 414 A.7.5.7 Stone Cracks......Page 415 A.7.10.1 Stair Enclosures......Page 416 A.7.12.5 In-Line Equipment......Page 417 A.7.13.4 Fluid and Gas Piping......Page 418 A.7.15.3 Shutoff Valves......Page 419 A.7.16.9 Go-Slow Elevators......Page 420 B.2 Mandatory Mitigation......Page 422 B.2.1 Performance Objectives......Page 423 B.2.4 Example Programs......Page 424 B.3.2 Implementation Issues......Page 425 B.4.1 Performance Objectives......Page 426 B.4.4 Example Programs......Page 427 Appendix C: Summary Data Sheet......Page 430 C1.1 Scope......Page 432 C1.4 Seismic Evaluation Process......Page 434 C1.5 Seismic Retrofit Process......Page 436 C1.5.5 Retrofit Procedures......Page 438 C1.5.6 Retrofit Strategies......Page 439 C1.5.10.3 Responsibilities of the Authority Having Jurisdiction......Page 440 C2.2.1 Basic Performance Objective for Existing Buildings (BPOE)......Page 442 C2.3 Target Building Performance Levels......Page 445 C2.3.1.4 Reduced Safety Structural Performance Range......Page 447 C2.3.2.1 Operational Nonstructural Performance Level (N-A)......Page 453 C2.3.2.4 Hazards Reduced Nonstructural Performance Level (N-D)......Page 456 C2.3.3.3 Life Safety Building Performance Level (3-C)......Page 457 C2.4.1.1 BSE-2N Spectral Response Acceleration Parameters......Page 458 C2.4.3 Ground Motion Acceleration Histories......Page 459 C2.5 Level of Seismicity......Page 460 C3.2.3 Component Properties......Page 462 C3.3 Benchmark Buildings......Page 463 C3.4.1 Limitations on the Use of Tier 1 and Tier 2 Evaluation and Retrofit Procedures......Page 464 C3.4.3.1 Evaluation Requirements......Page 465 C3.4.4.2 Retrofit Requirements......Page 466 C4.3 Selection and USE of Checklists......Page 468 C4.4.3.9 Flexural Stress in Columns and Beams of Steel Moment Frames......Page 469 C5.2.4 Tier 2 Analysis Methods......Page 470 C5.4.2.2 Soft Story Irregularity......Page 471 C5.5.2.3 Procedures for Concrete Moment Frames......Page 472 C5.8 Tier 2 Deficiency-Based Retrofit Requirements......Page 473 C6.3 Tier 3 Evaluation Requirements......Page 474 C6.4 Tier 3 Retrofit Requirements......Page 475 C7.2.3.2 Torsion......Page 476 C7.2.5.1 Concurrent Seismic Effects......Page 477 C7.2.8 Overturning......Page 478 C7.2.11.2 Out-of-Plane Strength of Walls......Page 479 C7.3.2.2 Nonlinear Dynamic Procedure (NDP)......Page 480 C7.4.1.2 Period Determination for LSP......Page 481 C7.4.3.2 Modeling and Analysis Considerations for NSP......Page 482 C7.4.4.1 Basis of the Procedure......Page 483 C7.5.1.1 Primary and Secondary Components......Page 484 C7.5.1.2 Deformation-Controlled and Force-Controlled Actions......Page 485 C7.5.2.1 Forces and Deformations......Page 486 C7.5.3.2 Acceptance Criteria for Nonlinear Procedures......Page 487 C7.6.1 Experimental Setup......Page 488 C7.6.3 Analysis Parameters and Acceptance Criteria for Subassemblies Based on Experimental Data......Page 490 C8.2.2.2 Liquefaction......Page 492 C8.2.2.3 Settlement of Nonliquefiable Soils......Page 494 C8.3 Mitigation of Seismic-Geologic Site Hazards......Page 495 C8.4.2 Load-Deformation Characteristics for Shallow Foundations......Page 496 C8.4.2.3 Shallow Footings Considered Rigid (Method 1)......Page 497 C8.4.3.1 Stiffness Parameters......Page 499 C8.5.2 Foundation Damping Soil-Structure Interaction Effects......Page 500 C8.7 Foundation Retrofit......Page 501 C9.2.1 General......Page 504 C9.2.2.2 Component Properties......Page 505 C9.2.3.1 General......Page 506 C9.3.2.2 Deformation-Controlled Actions......Page 507 C9.4.2.1 General......Page 508 C9.4.2.4 Acceptance Criteria for FR Moment Frames......Page 510 C9.4.2.5 Retrofit Measures for FR Moment Frames......Page 511 C9.5.1 General......Page 512 C9.5.2.3 Strength of Concentrically Braced Frames......Page 513 C9.5.5.5 Retrofit Measures for Steel Plate Shear Walls.......Page 514 C9.7.3 Stiffness, Strength, Acceptance Criteria, and Connection Design for Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame Construction Shear Wall Systems......Page 515 C9.10.1.4 Acceptance Criteria for Bare Metal Deck Diaphragms......Page 516 C9.10.4.1 General......Page 517 C9.12.1 General......Page 518 C10.2.2.1 Material Properties......Page 520 C10.2.2.4 Minimum Number of Tests......Page 521 C10.2.3.1 General......Page 522 C10.3.2.1 General......Page 523 C10.3.5 Development and Splices of Reinforcement......Page 524 C10.4.2.1 General......Page 525 C10.4.2.2 Stiffness of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Moment Frames......Page 526 C10.4.2.3 Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Moment Frames......Page 527 C10.4.3.5 Retrofit Measures for Post-tensioned Concrete Beam-Column Moment Frames......Page 528 C10.4.4.3 Strength of Slab-Column Moment Frames......Page 529 C10.6.3.5 Retrofit Measures for Concrete Frames with Concrete Infills......Page 530 C10.7.1.3 Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams......Page 531 C10.7.2.1 General......Page 532 C10.7.2.2 Stiffness of Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls, Wall Segments, and Coupling Beams......Page 533 C10.8.1.1 Effectively Monolithic Construction.......Page 534 C10.10.3 Retrofit Measures for Cast-in-Place Concrete Diaphragms......Page 535 C10.12.4.1 Retrofit Measures for Shallow Concrete Foundations......Page 536 C10.12.4.2 Retrofit Measures for Deep Foundations......Page 537 C11.2.2 Condition Assessment......Page 538 C11.2.2.2 Comprehensive Condition Assessment......Page 539 C11.2.3.3 Masonry Compressive Strength......Page 540 C11.2.3.10 Default Properties......Page 541 C11.3.1.3 Retrofitted Masonry Walls......Page 542 C11.3.2.1 Stiffness of URM Walls and Wall Piers Subject to In-Plane Actions......Page 543 C11.3.2.2 Strength of URM Walls Subject to In-Plane Actions......Page 545 C11.3.2.3 Acceptance Criteria for URM In-Plane Actions......Page 549 C11.3.3.3 Acceptance Criteria for URM Walls Subject to Out-of-Plane Actions......Page 551 C11.4.2 Masonry Infill In-Plane Actions......Page 552 C11.4.2.3 Strength-Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frames In-Plane Actions......Page 553 C11.4.2.6 Strut Model for Infill In-Plane Actions......Page 554 C11.6.1 Types of Masonry Foundations......Page 555 C11.6.3 Foundation Retrofit Measures......Page 556 C12.2.1 General......Page 558 C12.2.2.4 Minimum Number of Tests......Page 559 C12.2.3.2 Scope and Procedures for Condition Assessment......Page 560 C12.4.1 General......Page 561 C12.4.2.2 Enhanced Wood Frame Shear Walls......Page 562 C12.4.2.3 New Wood Frame Shear Walls......Page 563 C12.5.2.2 Enhanced Wood Diaphragms......Page 565 C12.5.3.7 Wood Structural Panel Overlays on Straight or Diagonal Sheathing Diaphragms......Page 567 C12.7.1.3 Acceptance Criteria for Other Wood Elements and Components......Page 568 C13.2.2 Classification of Acceleration-Sensitive and Deformation-Sensitive Components.......Page 570 C13.4.3.3 Load Combination......Page 571 C13.5 Retrofit Approaches......Page 572 C13.6.1.2 Anchored Veneer......Page 573 C13.6.2.2 Component Behavior and Retrofit Methods.......Page 574 C13.6.8.2 Component Behavior and Retrofit Methods.......Page 575 C13.7.2.4 Evaluation Requirements......Page 576 C13.7.8.2 Component Behavior and Retrofit Methods......Page 577 C13.8.4.1 Definition and Scope......Page 578 C13.8.4.2 Component Behavior and Retrofit Methods......Page 579 C14.2.3.6 Inspection and Replacement......Page 580 C14.3.4.2 Testing Variations on Nominal Design Properties......Page 581 C14.4.1.1 Upper-Bound and Lower-Bound Lateral Force-Deflection Behavior of Isolation System Components.......Page 582 C14.5.2.1 General......Page 583 C14.5.5.3 Accidental Mass Eccentricity......Page 585 C14.6.3 Components Crossing the Isolation Interface......Page 586 C14.7.4 Production Testing......Page 587 C14.8 Design Review......Page 588 C15.2.2.4 Performance Objectives and System Redundancy......Page 590 C15.4.1 General Limitations for the Linear Analysis Procedures......Page 591 C15.8.2 Production Tests......Page 592 C15.10.2 Velocity-Dependent Devices......Page 593 C16.2.1 Scope......Page 594 C16.2.2.2 Testing......Page 595 C17.5 Structural Checklists For Building Types S2: Steel Braced Frames With Stiff Diaphragms and S2A: Steel Braced Frames With Flexible Diaphragms......Page 598 C17.11 Structural Checklists for Building Type C1: Concrete Moment Frames......Page 599 C17.16 Structural Checklists for Building Type PC2A: Precast Concrete Frames Without Shear Walls......Page 600 C17.19 Nonstructural Checklist......Page 601 C18.1 Commentary References......Page 602 Index......Page 616 Prepared by the Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings Standards Committee of the Codes and Standards Activities Division of the Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings, Standard ASCE/SEI 41-17, describes deficiency-based and systematic procedures that use performance-based principles to evaluate and retrofit existing buildings to withstand the effects of earthquakes. The standard presents a three-tiered process for seismic evaluation according to a range of building performance levels by connecting targeted structural performance and the performance of nonstructural components with seismic hazard levels. The deficiency-based procedures allow evaluation and retrofit efforts to focus on specific potential deficiencies deemed to be of concern for a specified set of building types and heights. The systematic procedure, applicable to any building, sets forth a methodology to evaluate the entire building in a rigorous manner. (Fillable PDF versions of the screening checklists are available as a separate purchase.) This standard establishes analysis procedures and acceptance criteria, and specifies requirements for foundations and geologic site hazards; components made of steel, concrete, masonry, wood, and cold-formed steel; architectural, mechanical, and electrical components and systems; and seismic isolation and energy dissipation systems. Checklists are provided for a variety of building types and seismicity levels in support of the Tier 1 screening process. This new edition, which updates and replaces previous editions of ASCE 41, introduces revisions to the basic performance objectives for existing buildings and to the evaluation of force-controlled actions. It revises the nonlinear dynamic procedure and changes provisions for steel and concrete columns, as well provisions as for unreinforced masonry. Standard ASCE/SEI 41-17 is a primary reference for structural engineers addressing the seismic resilience of existing buildings and for building code officials reviewing such work; it also will be of interest to architects, construction managers, academic researchers, and building owners. The screening checklists included in Chapter 17 and Appendix C of this standard are also available separately as fillable PDF forms that can be completed using Adobe Acrobat Reader. Go to Tier 1 Checklists for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings: Fillable Forms for Standard ASCE/SEI 41-17